Cristina Garcia-Beltran, Francis de Zegher, Lourdes Ibáñez
{"title":"Adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome: an endocrine-metabolic mode in response to ectopic fat.","authors":"Cristina Garcia-Beltran, Francis de Zegher, Lourdes Ibáñez","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":"492-493"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam M R Groh, Liam Hodgson, Danilo Bzdok, Jo Anne Stratton
{"title":"Follow the CSF flow: probing multiciliated ependymal cells in brain pathology.","authors":"Adam M R Groh, Liam Hodgson, Danilo Bzdok, Jo Anne Stratton","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molmed.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiciliated ependymal cells regulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microcirculation and form a dynamic CSF-brain interface. Emerging evidence suggests that ependymal cells enter reactive states in response to pathology that are associated with ciliary and junctional protein alterations. The drivers of these alterations, likely from both acquired and inherited mechanisms, remain elusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":"409-412"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gasdermins in pyroptosis, inflammation, and cancer.","authors":"Rui Min, Yang Bai, Ning-Rui Wang, Xing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyroptosis is a type of programmed inflammatory cell death characterized by balloon-like swelling, membrane rupture, and the release of inflammatory cytokines and danger signals. Pyroptosis is directly triggered by activated gasdermins (GSDMs) which bind to membrane phospholipids, oligomerize, and form pores in cell membranes. GSDM activation is mediated by various effector proteases via cleavage of the linker region or post-translational modification to release the active N-terminal fragment in response to a variety of pathogenic or intrinsic danger signals. GSDM-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of an array of infectious and inflammatory diseases and cancers. This review discusses recent advances related to the physiological and pathological functions of GSDM-mediated pyroptosis, as well as therapeutic strategies targeting pyroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesothelial and immune cells interplay in the tumor microenvironment.","authors":"Rong Sheng, Yujia Yin, Xipeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesothelial cells (MCs) constitute a dynamic mesothelium in which their numerous crucial functions synergistically interact with other cells to maintain serosal integrity and homeostasis. Previous studies have confirmed the crucial role of interactions between MCs and tumor cells in tumorigenesis and progression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, recent research has found that MCs can induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment by secreting various cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes which recruit immunosuppressive cells or interact with immune cells, thus contributing to tumor progression. This review primarily examines the immunoregulatory role of MCs in the TME of mesothelioma and metastatic pleural and peritoneal carcinomas. It also explores the potential mechanisms by which these interactions induce immunosuppression and their impact on tumor growth and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulari U Thangavelu, Cheng-Yu Lin, Farzaneh Forouz, Kozo Tanaka, Eloïse Dray, Pascal H G Duijf
{"title":"The RB protein: more than a sentry of cell cycle entry.","authors":"Pulari U Thangavelu, Cheng-Yu Lin, Farzaneh Forouz, Kozo Tanaka, Eloïse Dray, Pascal H G Duijf","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer. It fuels cancer progression and therapy resistance. As 'the guardian of the genome', the tumor suppressor protein p53 protects against genomic damage. Canonically, the retinoblastoma protein (RB) is 'the sentry of cell cycle entry', as it dictates whether a cell enters the cell cycle to divide. However, the RB pathway also controls myriad non-canonical cellular processes, including metabolism, stemness, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immune surveillance. We discuss how frequent RB pathway inactivation and underlying mechanisms in cancers affect these processes. We focus on RB's - rather than p53's - 'guardian of the genome' functions in DNA replication, DNA repair, centrosome duplication, chromosome segregation, and chromatin organization. Finally, we review therapeutic strategies, challenges, and opportunities for targeting RB pathway alterations in cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perrine Verdys, Astrid Z Johansen, Anurag Gupta, Mario Presti, Edoardo Dionisio, Daniel H Madsen, Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro, Marco Donia
{"title":"Acquired resistance to immunotherapy in solid tumors.","authors":"Perrine Verdys, Astrid Z Johansen, Anurag Gupta, Mario Presti, Edoardo Dionisio, Daniel H Madsen, Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro, Marco Donia","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquired resistance to immunotherapy (ARI) is a major challenge in solid tumors, limiting long-term success in up to 65% of patients who initially respond to immunotherapy. Defining ARI clinically remains complex, but ongoing efforts aim to establish standardized criteria. This review describes recent insights into ARI, revealing complex mechanisms involving both tumor-intrinsic mechanisms - such as antigen loss and presentation defects, interferon γ (IFNγ) insensitivity, tumor-mediated T cell exclusion, and metabolic reprogramming - as well as extrinsic factors such as inhibitory molecule upregulation, immunosuppressive cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and dysbiotic microbiota. Understanding the development of ARI is crucial for prevention and effective interventions. The integration of innovative strategies and translational research on appropriately collected samples is key to overcoming ARI and ensuring durable benefits for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenyu Huang, Yue Shao, Jianbo Bai, Yi Zhao, Rei Ogawa
{"title":"Fibroproliferative conditions: the 3R approach bridging fibrosis and tumors.","authors":"Chenyu Huang, Yue Shao, Jianbo Bai, Yi Zhao, Rei Ogawa","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft-tissue fibroproliferative conditions (FPCs) affect many organs. All demonstrate the accumulation of (myo)fibroblasts and extracellular matrix. Currently, FPCs are classified according to the affected body site/organ. To promote research into the etiological mechanisms that drive pathological FPCs, we propose a new, more clinically grounded, FPC classification that is based on the intent and severity of the fibroproliferation. There are three categories: responsive, replacement, and reconstructive FPCs. Reconstructive FPCs (e.g., keloids) have quasi-neoplastic behaviors, including local invasiveness, and serve as a bridge between fibrosis and cancers. Comparisons of reconstructive FPCs to both cancers and the other FPC categories may help elucidate their pathogenic cellular properties, microenvironmental components, and intracellular-signaling mechanisms. Thus, the new FPC classification may promote research in the fibrosis field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon A Berryhill, Teresa Gil-Gil, Andrew P Smith, Bruce R Levin
{"title":"The future of phage therapy in the USA.","authors":"Brandon A Berryhill, Teresa Gil-Gil, Andrew P Smith, Bruce R Levin","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fueled by the increasing abundance of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, there has been a resurrection in the use of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or 'phage') for therapeutic applications. Phage therapy was used in the early 20th century to limited success, which we attribute to its haphazard employment. To avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, this Opinion first evaluates the historical reasons for the failure of phage therapy, analyzes the current state of the field, and ultimately makes recommendations for how to proceed with contemporary phage therapy. Despite many advances in phage biology, crucial gaps in our knowledge persist. Our recommendations require physicians, scientists, and public-policy leaders to cooperate to bridge the outstanding gaps around phage therapy to develop phage into a useful therapeutic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keratinocytes: new perspectives in inflammatory skin diseases.","authors":"Jiafeng Ye, Yuping Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keratinocytes, the predominant cell type in the epidermis, are indispensable for maintaining skin barrier integrity, mediating host defense, and orchestrating immune responses. Beyond these well-established functions, emerging evidence reveals their dynamic interactions with the nervous system and their capacity to retain inflammatory memory. These discoveries position keratinocytes as key drivers of the onset, progression, and relapse of inflammatory skin diseases. In this review, we delve into the mechanisms underlying keratinocyte crosstalk with immune and neural cells, the metabolic reprogramming, including lactate and other metabolites, that may drive inflammatory memory, and the broader implications for disease pathogenesis and recurrence. Finally, we discuss the challenges to, and therapeutic potential of, targeting keratinocytes for the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ignacio Benedicto, Magda R Hamczyk, Beatriz Dorado, Vicente Andrés
{"title":"Vascular cell types in progeria: victims or villains?","authors":"Ignacio Benedicto, Magda R Hamczyk, Beatriz Dorado, Vicente Andrés","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an ultrarare genetic disease caused by progerin, a broadly expressed mutant variant of lamin A protein that accelerates aging and leads to premature death typically in adolescence. Progerin affects many organs and reproduces many characteristics of physiological aging, with the main cause of death in HGPS being atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to the rarity of HGPS, advances in understanding the disease and progress toward new therapeutic approaches are crucially dependent on preclinical models. We discuss recent research developments from a variety of HGPS experimental systems, with a special focus on in vivo studies of the role of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) that are key players in atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}