Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Feasibility of using a patient portal to recruit Latino adults into a smoking cessation and physical activity randomized clinical trial: A secondary analysis.","authors":"Victoria Chavez Uceda, Rafael H Orfin, Estefania Panizoni, Julia LanzDuret-Hernandez, Alejandra Hurtado-deMendoza, Arlette Chávez-Iñiguez, Daniel Fuller, David X Marquez, Deborah J Ossip, Dongmei Li, Elizabeth Vasquez, Jeffrey W Ramos-Santiago, Lisa Carter Bawa, Rachel M Aleese, Reza Yousefi Nooraie, Scott McIntosh, Ana Paula Cupertino, Francisco Cartujano-Barrera","doi":"10.18332/tid/219277","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/219277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emerging efforts are using patient portals to send recruitment messages to potential participants in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We assessed the feasibility of using a patient portal to recruit Latino adults into a smoking cessation and physical activity RCT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analysis of an ongoing RCT. In 2025, the electronic health record (EHR) at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) was utilized to identify patients with the following characteristics: Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, aged ≥18 years, currently smoking cigarettes, and seen at URMC within the last five years. Identified patients with an active account on MyChart^®, the patient portal at URMC, were messaged up to two times. The study team made up to five phone call attempts to patients who expressed interest in further explaining the study and completing eligibility screening. Feasibility was defined as exceeding a 1% overall enrollment rate (number of patients who enrolled divided by the number of patients invited).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two thousand patients were identified in the EHR at URMC as potentially eligible. A total of 1122 patients had an active MyChart account and were messaged (56.1%, 1122/2000). One hundred thirty patients viewed the message (11.6%, 130/1122) and 53 responded as interested in the study (4.7%, 53/1122). The study team successfully enrolled thirteen patients, resulting in an overall enrollment rate of 1.2% (13/1122).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is feasible to use a patient portal to recruit Latino adults into a smoking cessation and physical activity RCT. While modest, our overall enrollment rate provides important evidence to inform future recruitment efforts, particularly given its high reach and low implementation effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13417966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of inflammation and macrophage polarization in an experimental model of cigarette smoke-exposed mice and cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced RAW264.7 cells: An experimental preclinical study.","authors":"Jiazhen Zhao, Yang Liu, Yaxi Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Min Tan, Changhui Wang, Xuan Long, Xiaolian Song","doi":"10.18332/tid/221091","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/221091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate macrophage polarization imbalance and its association with sustained NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling under chronic inflammatory stimulation using both <i>in vivo</i> and in vitro COPD-related models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental preclinical study was conducted between March and September 2023, at Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-like inflammatory model was established in C57BL/6J mice (n=5 per group) through combined chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure (4 hours/day, 5 days/week for 15 weeks) and intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration (7.5 μg on days 1 and 14), together with an <i>in vitro</i> cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model (10% CSE for 24 hours). Macrophage M1/M2 polarization and inflammatory responses were assessed using ELISA, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Airflow limitation was observed in CS-exposed model mice, with significant reductions in FEV_0.05/FVC (21.70 ± 0.96 vs 27.50 ± 0.94%, p<0.0001) and FEV_0.1/FVC (77.39 ± 2.62 vs 87.21 ± 1.95%, p<0.001), along with increased lung resistance (RL: 1.22 ± 0.13 vs 0.97 ± 0.02 cmH₂O/(mL/s), p<0.01). Histological examination revealed thickened bronchial walls, disrupted alveolar structure, and inflammatory cell infiltration. TNF-α (BALF: 290.6 ± 7.58 vs 125.6 ± 5.30 pg/mL, p<0.0001), IL-6 (BALF: 67.92 ± 3.02 vs 44.42 ± 2.62 pg/mL, p<0.001), and IL-1β (BALF: 120.3 ± 8.24 vs 87.52 ± 3.40 pg/mL, p<0.01) levels increased dramatically in both CS-exposed mice and CSE-induced RAW264.7 cells, whereas IL-10 levels decreased (BALF: 46.12 ± 1.71 vs 77.19 ± 3.96 pg/mL, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CS and CSE exposure induced M1 macrophage polarization in mice, as well as 10% CSE-induced RAW 264.7 cells, which may be related to the activation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13417965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 agonists for smoking cessation and post-cessation weight management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.","authors":"Javad Heshmati, Salma Mahmoodianfard, Ethan Raizman, Aidan Abraham, Hassan Mir","doi":"10.18332/tid/219815","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/219815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking and obesity are leading risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in reducing weight and improving metabolic outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that these agents may also influence reward-related pathways, offering potential benefit for nicotine addiction and mitigating post-cessation weight gain. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists for smoking cessation and their effects on post-cessation weight and BMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted, with the literature searched through November 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included adult smokers (Population) receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists (Intervention) compared with placebo or standard care (Comparator), reporting smoking cessation and/ or post-cessation weight or BMI outcomes (Outcomes). Random-effects models were used to pool data, with odds ratios (ORs) for abstinence and weighted mean differences (WMDs) for weight and BMI, and heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 751 records screened, 26 full texts were reviewed, and two randomized controlled trials (n=337) were included. Compared with placebo, GLP-1 receptor agonists showed no significant effect on smoking cessation (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 0.55-3.35, p=0.51; I²=66.93%; very low certainty), but significantly reduced post-cessation body weight (WMD=4.14 kg, 95% CI: -7.22 - -1.05, p=0.01; I²=19.93%; low certainty) and BMI (WMD= -1.77 kg/m², 95% CI: -2.20 - -1.34, p=0.00; I²=00.0%; low certainty).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While GLP-1 receptor agonists have revolutionized the treatment of diabetes and obesity, their role in smoking cessation remains inconclusive. However, reductions in post-cessation weight and BMI highlight their potential as adjunctive agents to address weight-related relapse risk. Larger, longer duration trials with newer GLP-1 agents are warranted to confirm these findings and clarify their role in smoking cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13417961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to C-reactive protein ratio with chronic cough in US adults: Effect modification by smoking status.","authors":"Xuefeng Li, Jian Zhang, Can Wang, Yulu Yang, Qiang Wang, Xuefei Bai, Yi Tang, Meiling Zhang","doi":"10.18332/tid/222393","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/222393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systemic inflammation may mediate the association between chronic cough and lipid metabolism. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to C-reactive protein (HDL-C/CRP) ratio, a composite marker of metabolic-inflammatory balance, has not been evaluated in this context. Smoking impairs high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and elevates CRP, yet the combined effect of these pathways on chronic cough remains unknown. This study examined the association between the HDL-C/CRP ratio and chronic cough in US adults, and assessed whether smoking status modified this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary analysis study used cross-sectional data from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Chronic cough was defined as a recurrent cough on most days for ≥3 consecutive months per year (self-reported). Serum HDL-C and CRP were measured by standardized assays. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess the association between the natural logarithm of the ratio of HDL-C to CRP [Ln (HDL-C/CRP)] and chronic cough. Subgroup analyses examined the interaction with smoking status, and sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of our findings. Nonlinear relationships were assessed using restricted cubic splines (RCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 6762 participants, 672 of whom had chronic cough. After full adjustment, each unit increase in the Ln (HDL-C/CRP) was associated with a 13% lower risk of chronic cough (AOR=0.87; 95% CI: 0.78-0.97). RCS showed a linear relationship and negative correlation between Ln (HDL-C/CRP) and chronic cough (p for nonlinearity=0.779, p for overall=0.021). Subgroup analysis showed the association varied across smoking status groups (interaction p=0.005), with the most pronounced association observed among never smokers (OR=0.735; 95% CI: 0.602-0.898).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This cross-sectional study demonstrates that a higher HDL-C/CRP ratio is associated with a lower prevalence of chronic cough, exhibiting a linear dose-response relationship. Notably, this association is most pronounced in never smokers, suggesting a potential modifying effect of smoking status.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13417970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine levels in emissions from heat sticks without tobacco exceed health-based advisory values: A chemical-analytical study.","authors":"Charlotte G G M Pauwels, Caroline Versluis, Reinskje Talhout, Anne Havermans","doi":"10.18332/tid/219209","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/219209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heated tobacco products (HTP) are tobacco-containing sticks that have been on the market for some time and are heated in a device to release a nicotine-containing aerosol for inhalation. Recently, new sticks have emerged that contain nicotine but no tobacco and are available in several flavors. These nicotine sticks closely resemble tobacco sticks in appearance and use, but contain nicotine, a non-tobacco carrier such as cellulose or Rooibos tea leaves, and other additives, including flavorings. As they do not contain tobacco, these products are currently not regulated under the European Union Tobacco Products Directive (EU TPD). Since the nicotine levels in these products are unknown, this study aimed to measure the nicotine concentrations in both the contents and emissions of nicotine heat stick brands marketed in the Netherlands.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This chemical-analytical study was conducted in March 2025. Two flavor variants from two major brands were analyzed for nicotine content in both sticks and emissions. Emissions were generated and collected with a smoking machine following the World Health Organization (WHO) Intense regime. All extracts were analyzed for nicotine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All sticks contained nicotine (3.2-3.8 mg per stick), with no detectable 6-methylnicotine. Emissions analysis showed each stick released 0.7-1.0 mg nicotine under standardized conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nicotine heat sticks without tobacco deliver nicotine doses comparable to HTPs. The measured levels exceed health-based advisory values for nicotine exposure from nicotine products without tobacco for inhalation, as reported by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), by a factor of 18-25. If these advisory values are implemented in tobacco legislation, nicotine heat sticks products will no longer be permitted. These limits would apply to all nicotine products without tobacco for inhalation that are not covered by the EU TPD, except e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interpretable ensemble learning framework for COPD classification using population-based clinical and laboratory data from NHANES.","authors":"Haiting Tong, Jintao Huang, Bin Zhang, Xiangxiang Fu","doi":"10.18332/tid/225230","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/225230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents the third leading cause of death globally, affecting 213.39 million people, yet approximately 70% of cases remain undiagnosed due to insufficient spirometry utilization in primary care settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed machine learning-based COPD classification models using nationally representative data from 8061 participants aged ≥40 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression with repeated ten-fold cross-validation systematically selected sixteen features from 33 candidate variables. We compared twelve machine learning algorithms. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis provided model interpretability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CatBoost demonstrated optimal performance on the validation set with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.788, a sensitivity of 0.706, and a specificity of 0.728. SHAP analysis identified age and smoking duration as dominant risk factors, revealing non-linear relationships, including body mass index's U-shaped association with COPD risk and synergistic age-smoking interactions. Decision Curve Analysis confirmed net clinical benefit across risk thresholds of 0.1 to 0.6.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes a machine learning framework combining systematic feature selection, comprehensive algorithm evaluation, and explainable artificial intelligence for COPD risk classification using readily available clinical data. The model achieved a clinically appropriate sensitivity-specificity balance through threshold optimization, demonstrating potential for risk-stratified spirometry referral in primary care settings. External validation in independent populations represents the essential next step before clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148592851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yohei Okawa","doi":"10.18332/tid/225228","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/225228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) may address the cognitive, behavioral, and relapse-related mechanisms that sustain smoking. This review evaluated the efficacy of CBT for smoking cessation by synthesizing controlled studies reporting smoking abstinence and smoking reduction outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Within this systematic review and meta-analysis, a search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar for studies published from 1 January 2000 to 15 January 2026. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials or controlled quasi-experimental studies of people who smoked and compared CBT, delivered face-to-face or remotely, with a non-CBT control condition. Outcome data were extracted for smoking abstinence and smoking reduction. Risk-of-bias was assessed using RoB 2 for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomized controlled studies. Odds Ratios (ORs) were pooled using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models, with fixed-effect estimates used only as sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies were included. Eleven studies contributed to the smoking abstinence meta-analysis, and five contributed to the smoking reduction meta-analysis. For smoking abstinence, the random-effects pooled OR was 1.60 (95% CI: 0.95-2.70; z=1.76; p=0.078; I²=83.70%). For smoking reduction, the random-effects pooled OR was 1.96 (95% CI: 0.66-5.81; z=1.21; p=0.226; I²=83.64%). Risk-of-bias assessments indicated low-risk, some-concerns, or moderate-risk ratings across included studies; no included study was judged to have a critical risk-of-bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBT showed a favorable direction of effect for smoking abstinence, but the random-effects estimate was imprecise, and heterogeneity was substantial. Evidence for smoking reduction was also not statistically conclusive. The findings should therefore be interpreted cautiously, and future trials should clarify treatment moderators, standardize outcome definitions, and refine CBT protocols for different cessation goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of brief smoking cessation online training on knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and organizational factors in European health professions students: A pre-post study.","authors":"Cristina Martínez, Miren Idoia Pardavila-Belio, Kenza Laroussy, Carmen Moreno, Montse Puig, Zaida Agüeda, Raúl Sancho, Teresa Lluch, Navidad Canga-Armayor, María Pueyo-Garrigues, Sandra Tricas-Sauras, María Lavilla-Gracia, Maria J Duaso, Jordi Vilaplana, Juidth Roca, Merçe Margalef, Esteve Fernández, Ariadna Feliu","doi":"10.18332/tid/217007","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/217007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Health professionals play a critical role in tobacco prevention and cessation, but limited training during education often leaves their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and organizational support insufficient. Our aim was to assess the effect of an online brief smoking cessation training program on knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and organizational factors among health professions students in Spain and the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pre-post study was conducted among 756 undergraduate health professions students (652 from Spain and 104 from the UK) from four universities. Participants completed the validated Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Organizational factors self-reported questionnaire for health professions Students (KABO_S) before and one month after the training. Generalized linear mixed models analyzed pre-post changes, adjusting for gender, age, and tobacco use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases were observed in the overall KABO_S score from 4.82 (SD=1.34) to 6.69 (SD=1.26) at one month (p<0.01). All dimensions increased in both countries (all p<0.01), with the greatest gains in individual knowledge/skills and attitudes/beliefs (median improvements ranging from 38.5% to 69.1%). Organizational resources showed the lowest gains (median improvement of 5.7% to 15.2%). Linear mixed models confirmed a significant increase in overall KABO_S scores (Spain: β=1.78; 95% CI: 1.67-1.90; UK: β=2.44; 95% CI: 2.13-2.74) and in each individual dimension (all p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and organizational factors improved significantly among health professions students in both countries. These findings suggest that this online training program may represent a promising addition to health professions curricula in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term cardiovascular effects and puffing behavior of exclusive heated tobacco product (HTP) users: A quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Michele Davigo, Marco Scala, Alessia Turina, Alessandra Lugo, Elisa Martelli, Frederik-Jan van Schooten, Enrico Davoli, Antoon Opperhuizen, Alexander H V Remels, Reinskje Talhout, Silvano Gallus","doi":"10.18332/tid/222366","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/222366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heated tobacco products are often marketed and perceived as less harmful than regular cigarettes, although their acute cardiovascular toxicity is unknown. In this study, the acute effect of exclusive IQOS use on several cardiovascular parameters was assessed, and compared with those of both exclusive cigarette smokers and never smokers of tobacco products. The puffing behavior of both groups of tobacco users was also characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An independent quasi-experimental study was conducted in Milan, Italy, in March-June 2024. Three groups of participants - frequency matched by age and gender - were recruited: exclusive conventional cigarette smokers (n=25, CS), exclusive IQOS users (n=26, IU), and never smokers (n=27, NS). All participants were aged ≥18 years, had a body mass index between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2, did not have respiratory or cardiovascular diseases, nor were they taking medications associated with these. The acute cardiovascular impact associated with the use of a regular cigarette or IQOS was measured by comparing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate prior to (T0) and upon (T1) product consumption. Video-assisted measurement of the total length of the smoking session, number of puffs, puff duration, and inter-puff interval was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean heart beats per minute of conventional cigarette (87.4 at T1 vs 74.6 at T0) and IQOS users (86.7 at T1 vs 75.5 at T0) upon product use were higher compared with their baseline measurement (p<0.001) and with the control group (70.5 at T1 vs 74.1 at T0; p<0.001). The increases (T1-T0) in the three cardiovascular measures observed for IQOS users were not different with those of conventional cigarette smokers and significantly higher than the changes of never smokers (Δ systolic blood pressure: -5.9 in NS, 2.4 in CS and 0.3 in IU; Δ diastolic blood pressure: -1.3 for NS, 4.6 for CS and 3.1 for IU; Δ heart rate: -3.7 for NS, 12.8 for CS and 11.1 for IU). IQOS users exhibited shorter smoking sessions than cigarette smokers (4 vs 3.5 minutes, p<0.05), in which they took more frequent (16.2 s for CS, 11.8 s for IU, p<0.001) and longer puffs (1.7 s for CS, 2.3 s for IU, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows analogous acute physiological changes of conventional and heated tobacco products on the human heart. The reported differences in puffing behaviors between cigarette and IQOS users show, to our knowledge, for the first time, the importance of using real-life puffing behavior data in laboratory settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis burden attributable to smoking in China 1990-2021 and projections to 2040: A secondary analysis of GBD 2021 data.","authors":"Feng Zhao, Tingyong Yan","doi":"10.18332/tid/215180","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/215180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking is a well-established modifiable risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). However, the evolving smoking-attributable TB burden in China remains to be fully characterized. The objective was to examine temporal trends in the smoking-attributable TB burden in China from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis was conducted on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study data. Data on the number of deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to smoking-attributable TB, as well as age-standardized rates, were extracted for the overall Chinese population, males, and females from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analyses described 32-year trends. A Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to forecast the TB burden from 2022 to 2040. Drivers behind the burden trends were investigated through a decomposition analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, TB deaths, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) showed significant reductions, with the ASMR and ASDR declining from 5.10/100000 (95% UI: 3.64-6.73) and 158.48/100000 (95% UI: 114.49-203.94) in 1990 to 0.52/100000 (95% UI: 0.37-0.76) and 19.15/100000 (95% UI: 13.85-26.70) in 2021, respectively. Declines in ASMR (-95.26% vs -89.35%) and ASDR (-93.69% vs -87.35%) were larger in females than in males. Age-period-cohort analyses revealed that mortality and DALY rates peaked at ages 30-34 years and then declined. Male mortality increased slightly at ages 65-69 years. Both period and cohort effects demonstrated consistent downward trends. BAPC projections indicated that after 2022, deaths and DALYs would decline initially but rise again, whereas ASMR and ASDR would continue to fall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The smoking-attributable TB burden in China exhibits significant age- and sex-specific patterns. Despite overall attenuation, projected rebounds in deaths by 2040 call for sustained public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}