Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

{"title":"The impacts on the economy, health, and environment resulting from tobacco cultivation: A cross-sectional survey of tobacco farmer perspectives in Thailand.","authors":"Chakkraphan Phetphum, Raphael Lencucha","doi":"10.18332/tid/204301","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco cultivation is associated with financial instability, health risks, and environmental degradation. While Thailand has made progress in tobacco control, challenges remain in supporting farmers with sustainable alternatives. This study examined the perceived economic, health, and environmental impacts of tobacco cultivation among Thai tobacco farmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022 in Chiang Mai, Phrae, and Sukhothai, the major tobacco-growing provinces in Thailand. A total of 1505 tobacco farmers completed self-administered questionnaires. The instrument measured perceived impacts on a 3-point Likert scale (low to high). Frequencies and proportions for descriptive statistics are reported along with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Economic impacts were most frequently reported (43.7%), particularly increased debt (47.6%) and income loss (43.5%). Health impacts (31.6%) included symptoms of Green Tobacco Sickness (47.2%) and reduced work capacity (29.9%). Environmental concerns (14.4%) included pesticide contamination (10.8%) and degradation of soil and water resources (10.6%). Higher economic impact was associated with cultivating Virginia tobacco (AOR=6.51; 95% CI: 4.90-8.63), higher level of education (AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.01-1.92), contract farming (AOR=1.27; 95% CI: 0.99-1.63), and farming experience (AOR=1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01). Health impact was associated with age (AOR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.05), land rental (AOR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98), female gender (AOR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.94), and Virginia cultivation (AOR=0.32; 95% CI: 0.23-0.44). Environmental impact was linked to labor hiring (AOR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.41-5.07) and land rental (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.39-0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thai tobacco farmers face significant economic, health, and environmental burdens. Policy interventions should promote sustainable alternatives to mitigate these impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global burden of bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 and projections for the next two decades: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Xiangyu Chen, Xuexue Hao, Jinhao Wu, Xiaoqiang Liu","doi":"10.18332/tid/204299","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204299","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Smoking increases the risk of bladder and kidney cancers and is associated with a poorer prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, which poses a significant health and socioeconomic burden. Understanding the epidemiologic trends of urological cancers attributable to smoking is critical to developing targeted prevention strategies. This study examines global trends in the three urological cancers attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 and projects future trends over the next two decades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. Metrics included deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR), with uncertainty intervals (UIs). Burden comparisons were stratified by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Temporal trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Future trends were predicted using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Compared with 1990, the number of deaths of bladder cancer, kidney cancer and PCa attributable to smoking increased by 43%, 67%, and 31%, and the number of DALYs increased by 31%, 52%, and 29% in 2021. However, the corresponding age-standardized rates showed a downward trend (AAPC&lt;sub&gt;ASMR of bladder cancer&lt;/sub&gt;, -1.53; AAPC&lt;sub&gt;ASDR of bladder cancer&lt;/sub&gt;, -1.68; AAPC&lt;sub&gt;ASMR of kidney cancer&lt;/sub&gt;, -0.89; AAPC&lt;sub&gt;ASDR of kidney cancer&lt;/sub&gt;, -1.11; AAPC&lt;sub&gt;ASMR of PCa&lt;/sub&gt;, -2.10; AAPC&lt;sub&gt;ASDR of PCa&lt;/sub&gt;, -1.97). The burden was higher among males than females, with the highest burden observed in high-SDI regions. The ASMR and ASDR were found to have a non-linear positive correlation with SDI (RASMR of bladder cancer=0.574, p&lt;0.001; R&lt;sub&gt;ASDR of bladder cancer&lt;/sub&gt;=0.580, p&lt;0.001; R&lt;sub&gt;ASMR of kidney cancer&lt;/sub&gt;=0.792, p&lt;0.001; R&lt;sub&gt;ASDR of kidney cancer&lt;/sub&gt;=0.783, p&lt;0.001; R&lt;sub&gt;ASMR of PCa&lt;/sub&gt;=0.417, p&lt;0.001; R&lt;sub&gt;ASDR of PCa&lt;/sub&gt;=0.436, p&lt;0.001), although the greatest improvements over the past three decades were observed in high-SDI regions. Joinpoint regression analysis indicated a downward trend in global deaths and DALYs burden, and the ARIMA model predicted that the burden of related diseases will continue to decline through 2041 (ASMR&lt;sub&gt;bladder cancer&lt;/sub&gt;=0.44; ASDR&lt;sub&gt;bladder cancer&lt;/sub&gt;=8.56; ASMR&lt;sub&gt;kidney cancer&lt;/sub&gt;=0.13; ASDR&lt;sub&gt;kidney cancer&lt;/sub&gt;=2.82; ASMR&lt;sub&gt;PCa&lt;/sub&gt;=0.28; ASDR&lt;sub&gt;PCa&lt;/sub&gt;=4.28).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Smoking has imposed a substantial disease burden on urological cancers over the past three decades. While overall ASDR and ASMR are declining, the disease burden remains high among men, especially those in high-SDI areas. This emphasizes the need for increased tobacco control for these pop","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of smoking cessation outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease: A retrospective cohort study from Türkiye.","authors":"Yagmur Gokseven Arda, Guzin Zeren Ozturk","doi":"10.18332/tid/203867","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/203867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major preventable cause of mortality, and smoking cessation significantly reduces the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. However, many patients continue smoking despite their CVD diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate the impact of CVD and associated factors on smoking cessation success in patients who attempted to quit smoking at least one year ago.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included patients who applied to the Smoking Cessation Clinic (SCC) between 1 May 2022 and 30 April 2023. A total of 539 eligible patients were analyzed. Data on demographics, CVD status, Fagerström test for nicotine dependence score, treatment modality (bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, behavioral counseling), and smoking cessation outcomes were collected from medical records and confirmed via telephone interviews. Smoking cessation success was defined as complete abstinence after one year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 145 (26.9%) had a history of CVD. The overall self-reported smoking cessation success rate after one year was 16.7%, and 17.2% in the CVD group. Bupropion users had significantly higher treatment completion rates (p=0.015). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (AOR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05), higher level of education (AOR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.03-3.26), lower nicotine dependence score (AOR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.77-0.94), and treatment completion (AOR=0.13, 95% CI: 0.07-0.23) were significantly associated with smoking cessation success in the total sample. Among patients with CVD, older age (AOR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12) and treatment completion (AOR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.05-0.43) were also associated with higher cessation success. Patients with CVD were more likely to receive non-pharmacological interventions, and behavioral counseling alone showed the highest success rate (25.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Older age and treatment adherence were significantly associated with smoking cessation success, yet overall cessation rates remained low. A CVD diagnosis alone did not significantly enhance success, highlighting the need for tailored behavioral support and structured follow-up. Optimizing cessation programs with individualized interventions may improve outcomes, particularly in high-risk CVD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144102667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine-induced changes in surface properties of restorative materials and dental enamel: An in vitro study on flavored e-cigarette exposure.","authors":"Maria Salem Ibrahim, Fatimah M Alatiyyah, Abdulsalam M Alsalman, Rayan F Alzenidi, Ali A Albattat, Ahmed S Alkhaldi","doi":"10.18332/tid/202876","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/202876","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to assess the effects of various nicotine concentrations in flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of restorative materials and enamel structure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study utilized nanohybrid packable resin composite restorations, resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and dental enamel samples (n=10). These samples were exposed to electronic cigarettes with different nicotine concentrations (3, 20, or 50 mg) using a customized chamber connected to a vacuum machine. A total of 3600 puffs were administered through cycles consisting of 9 puffs, with each puff lasting 4 s and an interval of 20 s between puffs, resulting in a total cycle duration of 3 min and 36 s. Before and after the exposure, the samples were tested for microhardness (MH), surface roughness (SR), and color changes (ΔE*). Data were analyzed using one-way and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA). Multiple comparisons among different groups were conducted using Bonferroni's multiple comparison test with a p-value level set at 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study findings indicate that all samples - enamel, resin composite, and RMGI - experienced significant reductions in MH. However, no significant differences were observed among the enamel groups. Higher nicotine concentrations did not significantly affect the MH in the resin composite and RMGI group, but both showed significant differences compared to the lowest concentration (3 mg) (p&lt;0.05). At 3 mg nicotine, enamel exhibited the highest ratio (%) change (-46.81± 24.68), followed by RMGI (-23.27 ± 6.24). At the highest concentration of 50 mg nicotine, enamel demonstrated a ratio (%) change of -25.46 ± 16.39, whereas RMGI with -75.72 ± 3.46 maintained similar degradation levels to the 20 mg group. SR results revealed that while most enamel and all RMGI samples showed no significant changes after nicotine exposure, all nicotine concentrations significantly increased SR in resin composite (nicotine 3 mg: 76.00 ± 11.90 to 165.46 ± 36.06 nm; p&lt;0.05). Additionally, color change demonstrated that RMGI exhibited the greatest color change after exposure to both 3 mg (ΔE*=9.45 ± 2.30) and 50 mg (ΔE*=10.25 ± 1.53 nicotine concentrations (p&lt;0.05), while enamel and resin composite samples did not show clinically detectable color changes at the 3 mg nicotine concentration. The 20 mg nicotine concentration had the most substantial impact across the groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The higher nicotine concentrations showed a greater effect among all samples in the tested groups. All concentrations of nicotine e-cigarettes (3, 20, and 50 mg) significantly affected the MH of all tested groups. In terms of SR, the only group that did not show a significant increase with all nicotine concentrations is the RMGI. In aesthetic perspective, the lower the concentration of nicotine e-cigarettes, the lowe","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering analysis of volatile organic compound biomarkers with tobacco exposure and the association with cardiovascular health outcomes in an observation study cohort.","authors":"Juan Zhao, Haoyun Hong, Joseph Zhai, Remy Poudel, Sanjay Srivastava, Andrew C Stokes, Pawel K Lorkiewicz, Tian Jiang, Rose Marie Robertson, Aruni Bhatnagar, Jennifer L Hall, Naomi M Hamburg, Rachel J Keith","doi":"10.18332/tid/200649","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/200649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic compounds found in tobacco smoke. Despite research on cigarette generated single VOCs, scant evidence exists on the mixtures of VOCs associated with different tobacco products. We aimed to explore whether distinct VOC exposure profiles exist among users of combustible cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and non-users, and to assess their associations with cardiovascular (CV) health markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants who self-reported use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, or no tobacco (n=348; mean age 26 ± 7 years) enrolled in The Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use (CITU) 2.0 study from July 2018 to July 2023 at two US sites (Boston, MA, and Louisville, KY). VOC metabolites were analyzed in urine one-hour post-use of a tobacco product via ultraperformance liquid chromatography. We applied unsupervised K-Means clustering on the creatinine-adjusted VOC metabolite data and explored the association between each cluster and blood pressure, adjusting for age, sex, and race.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clustering analysis identified two distinct clusters. Cluster 1 (302 individuals, 86.8%) was characterized by low VOC metabolite levels with individuals predominantly e-cigarette users (59.3%), non-users (29.1%), and a smaller proportion of cigarette smokers (11.6%). Cluster 2 (46 individuals, 13.2%) had higher levels of VOC metabolites including CYMA, HPMMA, MHBMA3, and 3HPMA, and included most of the individuals who used cigarettes (91.3%). After adjustment for age, sex, and race, Cluster 2 was associated with a higher heart rate (β=3.29; 95% CI: -0.26-6.84; p<0.05) compared to Cluster 1. No significant differences were observed for systolic (β= -0.66; 95% CI: -4.60-3.28) or diastolic blood pressure (β=0.34; 95% CI: -2.51-3.2) between clusters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that cigarette-induced VOC exposure may not impact cardiovascular function after acute exposure. Additionally, VOC exposure profiles vary across tobacco product types, suggesting that regulatory assessments of tobacco products could consider exposure patterns rather than product types. Clustering analyses may offer a powerful tool to assess the safety and risks of new and emerging tobacco products based on real-world exposure patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global burden of smoking-related prostate cancer from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2031.","authors":"Qian Cai, Bohao Liu, Chen Zou, Huabin Su, Xiao Zhao, Fang Jia, Xiaoyang Li, Weian Zhu, Yun Luo","doi":"10.18332/tid/204300","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa), a major health threat for aging males globally. This study evaluates the worldwide burden of smoking-related PCa from 1990 to 2021 and projects trends to 2031.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage changes for mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across different age groups, sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, regions, and countries, employing hierarchical clustering and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, global smoking-related prostate cancer burden declined, with annual reductions in ASRs for mortality, YLLs, and DALYs, while YLDs initially increased before declining. Age-specific analysis revealed the highest ASRs for mortality, YLLs, and DALYs in the 90-94 years age group, whereas YLDs peaked at 70-74 years of age. SDI regions exhibited elevated ASRs but the most pronounced declines, and were the only areas with negative YLD trends. The disparity in disability rates between high and low SDI countries diminished from 7.33 (95% CI: 6.04-8.63) in 1990 to 3.78 (95% CI: 2.64-4.92) in 2021, and the concentration index decreased from 0.34 (95% CI: 0.28-0.39) to 0.15 (95% CI: 0.10-0.20). The ARIMA models predict that DALYs will decrease from 3.215 (95% CI: 3.169-3.26) in 2022 to 2.69 (95% CI: 2.159-3.221) in 2031, YLLS will decrease from 2.827 (95% CI: 2.787-2.866) to 2.336 (95% CI: 1.855-2.817), YLDs and deaths will stabilize in a gradually decreasing trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite improved global equity in smoking-related PCa burden, targeted interventions for elderly populations, enhanced tobacco control policies, and region-specific prevention strategies remain essential to further reduce this preventable disease burden worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of sociodemographic and occupational stress factors with smoking behavior among healthcare professionals: The mediating role of physical exercise.","authors":"Farooq A Chaudhary, Asma Shakoor, Muhammad A Fareed, Osama Khattak, Mohammed S Alqarni, Rakhi Issrani, Thani Alsharari","doi":"10.18332/tid/204007","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking remains a major preventable cause of mortality, posing a significant public health challenge globally. Healthcare professionals (HCPs), despite their pivotal role in promoting health, exhibit notable smoking behaviors influenced by occupational stress and sociodemographic factors. This study investigates these relationships and examines the mediating role of physical exercise in smoking behaviors among HCPs in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 HCPs (medical doctors and dentists) recruited using a snowball sampling technique in Pakistan from March to July 2024. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and occupational factors, smoking status and frequency, physical exercise, sleep quality, job satisfaction, and perceived stress. Smoking behavior was analyzed as current, past, or never smokers. Mediation analysis evaluated the role of physical exercise in the association between occupational stress and smoking behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly half (49.3%) of participants were current smokers, with 36.7% smoking 6-20 cigarettes daily and 60.2% of the participants experiencing moderate to high levels of perceived stress. Higher smoking prevalence was associated with gender, frequent night shifts, longer working hours, low job satisfaction, frequent insomnia, and high perceived stress (p<0.05). Regular physical exercise (52.0%) emerged as a significant protective factor against smoking, with those exercising three or more times per week being significantly less likely to smoke (OR=0.05; 95% CI: 0.03-0.09, p<0.001). Mediation analysis showed that physical exercise partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and smoking (indirect effect = -3.67, p<0.001), with a reduced direct effect of perceived stress on smoking after controlling for exercise (B= -1.56, SE=0.22, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Occupational stress, coupled with sociodemographic and work-related factors, drives smoking behaviors among Pakistani HCPs. Physical exercise serves as a protective factor, mediating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking. Workplace interventions promoting stress management, physical activity, and job satisfaction are recommended to reduce smoking rates and foster healthier behaviors among HCPs, improving public health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national trends in tobacco-induced cardiovascular disease burden for 1990-2021 with projections to 2045: A comprehensive analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Xiaoqiang Zhu, Lei Chen, Xinyue Yang, Yanyan Du, Yangyu Zhao, Tenglong Hu, Na Sun, Qiang Sun, Wenyan Liang, Xiqing Wei, Zhiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.18332/tid/204008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/204008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco use is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its global disease burden trends require further clarification. This study aims to analyze trends in global CVD burden attributable to tobacco in 1990-2021 and project mortality rates and disease burden through 2045.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed temporal trends using age-period-cohort models, evaluated change points with Joinpoint regression, and conducted forecasting using Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, tobacco-attributable CVD deaths reached 2.147 million globally (71.3% increase from 1990), although age-standardized mortality rates decreased to 25.36 per 100000 (83.3% reduction). Mortality rates were lowest in high SDI regions (326.71 per 100000) and highest in low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions (788.05 per 100000). The proportion of deaths among those aged ≥80 years increased from 19.2% to 26.2%. Global mortality rates decreased by 1.8% annually, with a greater decline in females (-2.6%) than males (-1.6%). Projections suggest that by 2045, global CVD deaths may reach approximately 3.267 million (52.1% potential increase), although age-standardized mortality rates are expected to decrease to around 38.6 per 100000 (15.9% estimated reduction). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are projected to potentially increase to 75.755 million (39.9% estimated increase), while age-standardized DALY rates could decline to approximately 1008.02 per 100000.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, global tobacco-attributable CVD mortality rates showed a declining trend, with notable regional, sex, and age disparities. Projections indicate that while age-standardized rates will continue to decrease, absolute numbers of deaths and disease burden will increase. The findings emphasize the need to strengthen tobacco control and CVD prevention in low-middle SDI regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of respiratory, hematological and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mazen M Homoud, Rowaida Qoutah, Gokul Krishna, Noran Harbli, Layan Saaty, Afrah Obaidan, Abdulrahman Alkhathami, Noran Jamil, Tala M Alkayyat, Maryam Alsughayyir, Nada Gubari, Saleh Alkhathami, Ali Alqarni, Omar Alqurashi, Khalid Assiri, Khalid Saeed Alwadeai, Wafaa Abdulrahman, Husam Alahmadi, Ayedh Alahmari","doi":"10.18332/tid/202350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/202350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally, over 1 billion people smoke, resulting in approximately 8 million deaths each year. Although the health risks associated with traditional cigarettes are extensively documented, there is an increasing need to evaluate the long-term effects of alternative tobacco products, particularly shisha, and e-cigarettes. This study seeks to compare the respiratory, hematological, and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Respiratory Therapy laboratories of Batterjee Medical College (BMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between February 2022 and August 2023. It involved four groups: cigarette smokers, shisha smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) measured FEV₁, FVC, and other lung function parameters. Hematological profiles, including WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cigarette and shisha users demonstrated significantly reduced FEV₁ (cigarettes: 3.11 ± 0.54 L/s, shisha: 3.26 ± 0.71 L/s; p≤0.0001), FEV₁ (% predicted: 81.63 ± 12.11 for cigarettes, 88.09 ± 12.92 for shisha; p≤0.0001), and FVC (3.87 ± 0.68 L for cigarettes, 3.95 ± 0.880 L for shisha; p=0.004), compared to non-smokers and e-cigarette users. Cigarette smokers exhibited significantly elevated WBC (7.92 ± 2.84 ×10⁹/L; p≤0.001), neutrophil (4.03 ± 2.29 ×10⁹/L), lymphocyte (2.95 ± 0.95 ×10⁹/L), and monocyte counts (0.67 ± 0.21 ×10⁹/L) compared to non-smokers, shisha, and e-cigarette users (p≤0.0001). Cigarette smokers and shisha smokers presented different lung function results but similar inflammatory profiles. However, e-cigarette users demonstrated comparatively higher lung function and lower inflammatory markers compared to both cigarette and shisha users.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to non-smokers, long-term cigarette and shisha smoking is associated with airway obstructive changes and increased inflammatory responses. Although e-cigarette users demonstrated lower inflammatory markers and less deviation from normal PFT, some exhibited borderline values with airway obstruction. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term health consequences of e-cigarette use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative evaluation of Thailand's National Tobacco Control Strategy 2022-2027: Challenges and suggestions for policy implementation.","authors":"Chakkraphan Phetphum, Artittaya Wangwonsin, Orawan Keeratisiroj, Wutthichai Jariya","doi":"10.18332/tid/203935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/203935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has been aligned with Thailand's National Tobacco Control Strategy (NTCS), which has been implemented for over three decades. However, policy evaluation is essential to improve its effectiveness. This formative evaluation study aims to identify challenges and provide suggestions for implementing the current NTCS 2022-2027 at both national and operational levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection for this qualitative research involved document reviews and in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis was used to identify and analyze data from 15 informants who were purposively selected based on their influential positions, expertise, and experience in NTCS implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thailand's NTCS operates through both national and operational stakeholders. The findings revealed multifaceted challenges and suggestions across these levels, categorized into six key areas. First, the gaps in strategic coordination and prioritization reinforced the need to strengthen intersectoral partnerships to achieve tobacco control as a national priority. Second, problems with monitoring as well as evaluation and reporting processes highlighted the need for clearly defined key performance indicators and timelines. Third, role clarity-related gaps at the 'tobacco control focal point' revealed a need for capacity building and strategic management support. Fourth, policy dissemination was impeded by one-way communication modes, emphasizing the importance of two-way communication to foster stakeholder engagement. Fifth, centralized budget management hindered ready matching of resources with regional needs, urging the implementation of decentralized management. Finally, the lack of innovation in tobacco control challenges demonstrated the need for knowledge-sharing mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evaluation offers important insights to strengthen NTCS implementation through enhanced coordination, systematic monitoring, capacity development, policy dissemination, allocation of adequate funds, and promoting innovations. These results contribute to the evidence base for effective tobacco control strategy by providing tangible recommendations for policymakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}