Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Global, regional, and national temporal trends in mortality and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2040.","authors":"Defeng Liu, Lulu Zhuang, Yueze Li, Jinming Yu, Minghuan Li","doi":"10.18332/tid/204742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/204742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking is a major environmental risk factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the global burden and epidemiological trends of NPC attributable to smoking remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to NPC attributable to smoking. Clustering analysis was applied to evaluate the variation patterns across 21 regions. The NORDPRED age-period-cohort model was used for prediction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, there were 13410 deaths globally from NPC attributable to smoking, 10031 YLDs, 1379583 YLLs, and 389614 DALYs. The disease burden was most severe in Asia. Males bore a significantly higher burden than females, mainly concentrated in middle-aged and older populations. From 1990 to 2021, although the number of cases increased, ASRs showed a marked decline, particularly among females and in regions with both high and low sociodemographic index (SDI) levels. Regional analyses revealed significant reductions of the disease burden in Australasia and Western Europe. The 21 regions were divided into 4 groups based on changes in mortality, representing distinct variation patterns. Projections from 2022 to 2040 indicate that, while the total number of deaths and disease burden is expected to rise, ASRs are anticipated to decline except YLDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Smoking contributes significantly to the disease burden of NPC, posing a serious threat to public health. Targeted intervention strategies should be implemented according to the regional clustering results of disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking and endometriosis: A narrative review.","authors":"Alexandre Vallée, Anis Feki, Loic Josseran, Jean-Marc Ayoubi","doi":"10.18332/tid/203429","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/203429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder affecting 6-10% of women of reproductive age. While its etiology is multifactorial, growing evidence suggests that tobacco smoking may contribute to its development and progression through inflammatory, oxidative, and hormonal mechanisms. This narrative review examines the relationship between tobacco smoking and endometriosis, integrating molecular insights to clarify potential biological pathways and highlight areas for future research. A search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science, including only original research articles published in English. Studies on both human and animal models were considered, without restrictions on participant age, to provide a comprehensive overview of tobacco-related mechanisms in endometriosis. Tobacco smoke components, such as nicotine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can initiate and sustain an inflammatory response, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. Tobacco smoking also induces oxidative stress, disrupting cellular functions and damaging DNA. Moreover, it can cause hormonal dysregulation and interfere with hormone-related signaling pathways. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, can also be induced by tobacco smoking. These changes affect the expression of genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation, and hormone signaling, contributing to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies with objective biomarkers to strengthen causal inference. Studies integrating omics approaches can further clarify tobacco-induced molecular alterations in endometriosis. Public health policies should incorporate targeted smoking prevention and cessation programs for women at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of gamification on smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dina Syazana Ho Imran Ho, Fathiah Jabir, Siti Norain Sallahuddin, Nur Atiqah Mohd Ahwan, Ghaneshinee Sathiyaseelan, Mohamad Izzi Zahari, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi","doi":"10.18332/tid/203937","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/203937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rise of mobile health (mHealth) has led to increased adoption of mobile apps for smoking cessation. The integration of gamification has been found to be positively associated with higher app engagement, smokers' self-efficacy and motivation to quit. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and assess the game elements incorporated into smoking cessation applications and evaluate the effectiveness of gamified interventions on smoking cessation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICRTP) and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception to November 2024. Eligible studies included interventional trials comparing gamification-based smoking cessation strategies with non-gamified control groups. Two independent reviewers performed study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Outcomes were narratively synthesized, and comparable studies were pooled based on follow-up time and abstinence duration. A random-effects meta-analysis assessed smoking abstinence using relative risk (RR) as the effect measure. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q and I² index. The study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the reference number CRD42024611631.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 5075 participants met the inclusion criteria. Key gamification elements included competition, milestone recognition, storytelling, and rewards. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated a significant impact of gamified interventions on smoking abstinence. The strongest effects were observed within the first six months of intervention (RR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.47-2.47, p<0.001). Long-term effects remained significant beyond six months (RR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.05-1.79, p=0.02). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gamification-based interventions significantly improve smoking cessation outcomes, particularly in the short-term. However, the diminishing effects over time highlight the importance of long-term engagement. While these findings are promising, limitations such as heterogeneity in follow-up periods, reliance on some self-reported outcomes, and the inability to isolate specific gamification components may affect the generalizability of results. Leveraging gamification's potential can still transform smoking cessation efforts, offering scalable and engaging solutions for lasting behavioral change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12199787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of smoking cessation on new-onset diabetes mellitus in dyslipidemic individuals: A population-based cohort study.","authors":"Wooin Seo, Se Young Jung, KeeHyuck Lee, Woo Kyung Bae, Jong Soo Han, Hyejin Lee, Ji Soo Kim, Hye Yeon Koo, Seung Yeon Lee, Kiheon Lee","doi":"10.18332/tid/205418","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/205418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes mellitus, but the association between changes in smoking behavior and new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) in dyslipidemic patients remains unclear. This study aimed to examine how changes in smoking habits affect NODM risk among individuals with dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). A total of 34282 patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia between 2012 and 2014 were followed until December 2019 (median follow-up: 5 years). Smoking behavior change was defined by transitions in smoking status and intensity across two health examinations. NODM was identified by fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL or ICD-10 codes E11-E14 with antidiabetic medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 2479 participants (7.23%) developed NODM. Those with NODM had higher prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, abnormal liver function, and family history of diabetes. Current smokers had increased NODM risk (hazard ratio, HR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.22-1.50) versus non-smokers. Heavy smokers had higher risk (HR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.60) than moderate smokers (HR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.16-1.60). Compared to continuous smokers, quitters had reduced risk (HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.98), while reducers showed no significant risk reduction (HR=0.82; 95% CI: 0.63-1.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among patients with dyslipidemia, smoking cessation was associated with a lower risk of NODM compared to continued smoking. These results suggest potential benefits of quitting smoking in reducing diabetes risk in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of cytological changes in the buccal mucosa among traditional cigarette and electronic cigarette users.","authors":"Magdi M Salih, Thamer A Tamr, Tariq E Elmissbah, Sabah M Hanafy, Haytham A Dahlawi, Eman H Khalifa","doi":"10.18332/tid/203670","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/203670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate cytological changes in the buccal mucosa among traditional cigarette smokers and electronic cigarette smokers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 159 participants, including 97 smokers (users of traditional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, or both) and 62 non-smokers. Participants were recruited from the student and staff population at the College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University. Buccal smears were collected from the lateral buccal mucosa using a wooden spatula and stained with the Papanicolaou technique for cytological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cytological analysis using Papanicolaou (Pap) staining showed negative results in 51.6% of participants, reactive changes in 29.6%, and inflammatory changes in the remainder. Reactive changes were significantly more common in smokers (46.4%) than non-smokers (3.2%) (p=0.001), with higher prevalence in traditional cigarette users (51.4%) compared to e-cigarette users (37.5%) and dual users (50.0%). These changes were most frequent in individuals who smoked for ≥5 years (71.8%) versus <5 years (33.8%) (p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates a strong association between smoking and cytomorphological changes in the buccal mucosa, with severity linked to smoking duration and intensity, particularly in traditional and dual users. The findings highlight the cytotoxic impact of smoking on oral cells and the need for targeted public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking-related bladder cancer burden from 1990 to 2021: An age-period-cohort analysis of the global burden of disease study.","authors":"Qingqing Yu, Bing Li, Hao Lin, Chao Sun, Xinyue Yang, Zhiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.18332/tid/204744","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bladder cancer is common in the elderly, with smoking as a major risk factor. This study assesses the global burden of bladder cancer attributable to smoking, using data from 204 countries and regions (1990-2021).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mortality, age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. The burden of smoking-related bladder cancer was analyzed by age, gender, and sociodemographic index (SDI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, global deaths due to smoking-related bladder cancer increased by 42.9%, while disability rose by 31.0%. In 2021, the global number of bladder cancer deaths due to smoking reached 58766 (95% UI: 49381-70891). Despite these increases, both ASMR and ASDR declined globally. Males experienced a higher increase in mortality and disability, with rates approximately 10 times higher than females. Middle SDI countries saw the largest rise in burden. The annual decline in mortality was 2.06%, greater in males than females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The burden of smoking-related bladder cancer is higher in males, middle-aged and elderly individuals, and medium to high SDI countries. Targeted prevention and health policies are crucial to reducing the disease's impact on populations and healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12160010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global, regional, and national burden of secondhand smoke-related tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer: Results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.","authors":"Jinfeng Yao, Liming Xia, Huiqin Lu, Tao Zhang, Tongfei Zhang, Guo Chen","doi":"10.18332/tid/205049","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/205049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study analyzes the global, regional, and national health burden of secondhand smoke-related tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a secondary dataset analysis of the GBD dataset. First, the number and age-standardized rate (ASR) per 100000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) related to TBL cancer due to secondhand smoke in 2021 were analyzed at multiple levels. The temporal trends in disease burden between 1990 and 2021 were then analyzed by a linear regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally, the number of deaths and DALYs from secondhand smoke-related TBL cancer increased from 57.6 thousand and 1598.9 thousand in 1990 to 97.9 thousand and 2355.9 thousand in 2021. Men faced higher risks, with 56.8 thousand deaths and 1359.6 thousand DALYs in 2021. The highest number of deaths and DALYs occurred in the age groups of 70-74 years (15731; 95% UI: 1787-30495) and 65-69 years (380606; 95% UI: 47383-717297), respectively. Disease burden varies widely across sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, GBD regions, and countries. In 2021, the high-middle SDI region had the highest ASRs of deaths (1.96; 95% UI: 0.23-3.67) and DALYs (47.2; 95% UI: 5.65-87.54), and the highest number of deaths (39124; 95% UI: 4613-73341) and DALYs (936577; 95% UI: 111577-1736627). ASR for deaths and DALYs was highest in East Asia (2.75; 95% UI: 0.34-5.18 and 62.42; 95% UI: 7.79-116.4). Among the countries, China has the highest number of deaths (58034; 95% UI: 7170-109625) and DALYs (1359730; 95% UI: 170188-2537368), and Montenegro has the highest ASR of deaths (3.45; 95% UI: 0.38-7.06) and DALYs (84.34; 95% UI: 9.36-170.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study describes the disease burden of secondhand smoke-related TBL cancer, emphasizing secondhand smoke is a non-negligible risk factor for TBL cancer. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for formulating targeted tobacco control policies, which could significantly contribute to reducing the global burden of TBL cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12160775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco imagery in prime-time television in Spain: A content analysis.","authors":"Armando Peruga, Olena Tigova, Ariadna Feliu, Dolors Carnicer-Pont, Laura Anton, Félix Bosch, Juan Miguel Rey-Pino, Esteve Salto, Esteve Fernández, Cristina Martínez","doi":"10.18332/tid/204750","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exposure to tobacco content in media among youth is a well-established risk factor for smoking initiation and continued use. This study assessed the prevalence and nature of tobacco imagery on Spanish prime-time television (TV) programming and its associations with program characteristics: genre, production nationality, and broadcast timing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A content analysis of 63959 minutes of TV programming in 2021, excluding advertisements and trailers, across 18 broadcast channels examined the presence of tobacco imagery: actual tobacco use, tobacco cultural cues, smoking ban violations, tobacco brand appearances, or any of these.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that 2.4% of the TV programming time contained at least one instance of tobacco imagery, resulting in 8.5 million impressions for viewers aged 4-24 years. Feature films had the highest prevalence of tobacco-related content (adjusted prevalence ratio, APR=11.9; 95% CI: 9.5-14.9). Tobacco-related content appeared more frequently outside designated children's protection hours (PR=0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.80). However, its presence within the designated children's protection schedule remains a significant concern, generating 15.6 million tobacco impressions for young viewers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The seemingly modest content level of tobacco imagery (2.4%) translates into a substantial number of impressions for young viewers aged 4-24 years, including during the designated children's protection schedule. Reducing tobacco imagery in films and TV series represents a promising strategy for curbing youth smoking. However, the current reliance on youth protection schedules is inadequate. To better protect children from tobacco imagery, policies should mandate strong anti-tobacco disclaimers preceding programs featuring tobacco and certificates of No Pay-off for tobacco portrayals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an extended full-time equivalent framework: A workforce metric for the beedi rolling industry in India.","authors":"Eshwari Kundangar, Muralidhar M Kulkarni, Yash Alok, Ambigai Rajendran, Satish Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Priyanka Bantwal, Rohith Bhagawath, Ashwath Naik, Praveen Sinha, Mark Goodchild","doi":"10.18332/tid/203508","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/203508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>India's significant role in the global tobacco industry is underscored by its position as the second largest producer and consumer. Among the various tobacco products, beedis are the most popular in South Asia. These small, thin, hand-rolled cigarettes are wrapped in leaves from native Asian plants and are a traditional form of tobacco consumption in the region. For many women in regions like coastal Karnataka, beedi rolling is a primary occupation and a vital source of income. Labor unions estimate that there are around 7-8 million people in the beedi industry across India, with around 5.5 million registered workers nationwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-method approach was initially used to finalize the parameters required for calculating the full-time equivalent (FTE), which comprised expert opinion, scoping review, and focus group discussions among beedi rollers. A 14-item questionnaire was developed, and four experts validated readability, relevance, and clarity in both the local language (Kannada) and English. Content validity was measured using the item-content validity index (I-CVI) and scale content validity index (S-CVI), with a modified Cohen's kappa value for inter-rater agreement. Subsequently, a cross-sectional design was followed for pilot testing the developed framework for FTE among ten beedi rollers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The article outlines various frameworks for determining the full-time equivalent (FTE) for beedi workers, broadly categorized into workload-based, productivity-based, and forecasting models. Among these categories, the productivity-based model appears suitable for beedi rollers. Using the extended FTE-index, beedi rolling work was classified as underloaded (≤0.95), normal (0.95-1.04), and overloaded (≥1.05). A pilot study suggests that the proposed FTE framework can be implemented and utilized to assess their workload.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study presents a pilot-tested framework to evaluate beedi rollers' workload and advocates for improved working conditions. Three different models were compared: workload-based, productivity-based, and forecasting. As beedi rollers are paid based on the number of beedis they roll in a week rather than the time it takes, the productivity-based model is best suited for calculating FTE for this occupation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of global and Chinese trends in the burden of ischemic stroke attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990-2021.","authors":"Xiao Zhou, Jiaming Liu, Xin Li","doi":"10.18332/tid/204510","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ischemic stroke (IS) represents a major health burden in China, and tobacco control is recognized as a practical and effective strategy to alleviate this impact. This study examines the influence of secondhand smoke (SHS) on the IS burden in China from 1990-2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021, this study analyzed the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) burden of ischemic stroke (IS) attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) in China and globally from 1990 to 2021. This study examined trends across different age and sex groups and projected future mortality and DALYs, providing a scientific basis for targeted public health strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the past 32 years, the number of IS deaths from SHS exposure in China rose from 23394.83 (95% UI: 15837.47-32315.19) in 1990 to 53697.88 (95% UI: 35003.84-76382.65) in 2021. Despite this increase, the ASMR declined from 3.94 (95% UI: 2.59-5.54) per 100000 population in 1990 to 2.92 (95% UI: 1.88-4.21) in 2021, with an AAPC of -0.04 (95% CI: -0.04-0.03). However, China's ASMR and ASDR remain significantly higher than the global average. APC analysis revealed greater mortality trends among the elderly and females. Over the next 30 years, mortality rates will decline across all ages, but deaths will rise, especially in those aged 75 years and older.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The mortality rate of SHS-related IS in China declined from 1990 to 2021, but elderly and female patients still face a high burden. China's disease burden remains higher than the global average. While mortality rates may continue to decline, deaths are expected to rise, especially among those aged 75 years and older.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}