Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Ecological and health impacts of tobacco farming in Pakistan: A mixed-methods approach toward a sustainable pathway for agricultural transition.","authors":"Abdul Rasool Khoso, Gu Jintu, Qingjun Chen, Muhammad Javed Sheikh, Wang Suyuhan, Shahnaz Bhutto","doi":"10.18332/tid/201406","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/201406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco farming plays a crucial role in the livelihoods of many rural communities in Pakistan, particularly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). However, this agricultural practice is associated with severe environmental degradation and significant health risks to workers during cropping.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluates the ecological and health impacts of tobacco farming in Pakistan, employing both quantitative (surveys) including 200 respondents (farmers and field workers/laborers) and qualitative methods (in-depth interviews) involving 10 respondents (farmers, policy experts, agriculturist and environmental specialists). The research focuses on Swabi, a key tobacco-growing region, and highlights the negative effects of excessive pesticide use, fertilizer application, and deforestation, which contribute to soil erosion, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression analysis shows that pesticide use (β=0.65, p<0.001) and deforestation (β=0.82, p<0.001) are the leading contributors to ecological degradation. The relationship between tobacco yield and environmental degradation, although showing a trend (p=0.062), is statistically negligible and unlikely to have practical significance (β= -0.15). Health risks are equally concerning, with farmworkers (labor hired for farming, farmers, landlords) exposed to harmful agrochemicals and nicotine absorption leading to respiratory diseases, skin conditions, and green tobacco sickness (GTS). Pesticide exposure (β=0.71, p<0.001) and contact with tobacco leaves (β=0.53, p<0.001) significantly impact workers' health, while using personal protective equipment (PPE) helps mitigate these risks (β= -0.43, p=0.001). The study also reveals that many farmers are interested in transitioning to alternative crops like maize or cotton, but they face financial and informational barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The growing of tobacco in Pakistan entails significant ecological and health dangers, emphasizing the immediate need for the implementation of sustainable farming strategies to mitigate environmental harm and enhance the socio-economic conditions of farmers. Government support through financial incentives, educational programs, and sustainable farming techniques is essential to reduce the environmental damage and improve public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of tobacco use and passive exposure among adolescent athletes aged 13-14 years in Türkiye: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Tuğba Kocahan, Erdoğan Asar, Aydan Örsçelik, Çağrı E Şahin, Gökhan Büyüklüoğlu, Buse Ataoğlu, Yunus E Bulut, Toker Ergüder","doi":"10.18332/tid/202181","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/202181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Youth smoking and passive exposure is a serious public health problem. This study examined the prevalence of tobacco use and passive exposure to smoke among adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ankara, Türkiye, in 2023. It was based on the survey data from 201 licensed athletes, of whom 36.3% were female and 63.7% were male, aged 13-14 years, residing in Ankara province. The respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their use of tobacco products and exposure to secondhand smoke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the respondents was 13.4 ± 0.5 years, with a mean sports age of 3.2 ± 2.0 years. Among the athletes, 92% (n=185) reported they never used tobacco products, 7.0% (n=14) tried, 0.5% (n=1) quit using tobacco products, and 0.5% (n=1) currently smoke tobacco. Among the adolescents, 59.2% reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke inside and 71.1% outside the home. The rates of daily secondhand smoking (≥1 h or <1 h) did not differ by gender (p>0.05), but weekly passive exposure was significantly higher in male athletes (67.0% vs 33.0%, p<0.05), as was no exposure (female: 34.1%, male: 65.9%, p<0.05). Among all athletes, 46.7% reported that at least one of their parents smoked, while 19.9% reported that both parents smoked.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tobacco use among adolescent athletes in Türkiye is minimal, yet passive smoking is a significant concern. Given the high prevalence of passive smoke exposure reported among adolescent athletes, particularly at home and in outdoor settings, further attention to reducing such exposure is warranted. The low prevalence of active tobacco use in this population suggests that preventive measures may be effective in maintaining low smoking rates as these adolescents age. Significantly lower prevalence of active smoking among the respondents could be attributed to their active engagement in sports and their young 13-14 years age.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of cigarettes for youth smokers in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2022: Adolescents Health Survey (AHS).","authors":"Kuang Hock Lim, Yoon Ling Cheong, Kuang Kuay Lim, Jia Hui Lim, Hamizatul Akmal Abdul Hamid, Mohd Ruhaizie Riyadzi, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Chee Cheong Kee, Cheah Yong Kang, Chong Shao Hui, Ali Aman Marine, Mohd Hazilas Mat Hashim, Hui Li Lim","doi":"10.18332/tid/201987","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/201987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Developing effective intervention programs to lower adolescent smoking requires a thorough understanding of the sources and methods of youth tobacco product acquisition. This study aimed to identify the sources of cigarettes and related variables among adolescent smokers in Malaysian schools using the latest national data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey: Adolescents Health (NHMS: AHS) 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted the NHMS 2022: AHS to obtain a representative sample of school-age teenagers via a cross-sectional study design and a multi-stage sampling approach. We selected 1934 school-going adolescents aged 13-17 years who have smoked at least once in the previous 30 days from a total of 33523 respondents in the study. Data were collected from the participants using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire. The analysis involved calculating adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Furthermore, we examined potential two-way interactions between the independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 6.2% (95% CI: 5.9-6.6) of teenagers in schools are currently smoking, with a notably higher percentage of male to female current smokers (10.8% vs 1.6%). Approximately 23.1% of current smokers are frequent smokers. Almost three-quarters of current smokers obtained their cigarettes from fixed premises (38.9%), and that friends (34.9%) were the primary sources of cigarettes among adolescents. The data show that more than half (59.7%, 95% CI: 57.0-62.4) of current smokers obtained cigarettes from commercial sources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that a notably more significant proportion of adolescent smokers obtained their cigarettes from commercial vendors compared to their friends. These finding implies that increased law enforcement and health promotion programs are needed to lower the incidence of adolescent smoking in Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of secondhand smoke exposure among children: A scientometric analysis.","authors":"Hong Lu, Shaojie Qi, Wenqi Chen, Dingge Gu","doi":"10.18332/tid/202017","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/202017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure poses significant risks to children's health, yet global research on this issue requires further analysis to facilitate a comprehensive exploration of knowledge production and topic trends. This study aims to analyze the research outputs, cooperation and evolution on children's exposure to secondhand smoke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scientometric approach was employed to analyze global research on adolescent secondhand smoke exposure. Data were gathered from scholarly databases and analyzed using CiteSpace software, which was used to assess publication trends, citation patterns, and research collaborations. The study examined publications, citations, interdisciplinary collaboration across countries, institutions, authors, and disciplines, as well as identifying research hotspots and emerging trends using burst detection and co-citation network analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed significant growth in research on adolescent SHS exposure over recent decades, with the United States, United Kingdom, and China being the most productive countries in this field. Key journals in the substance abuse field serve as the primary venues for publishing relevant studies. Interdisciplinary collaborations have increased, particularly between health, policy, and social science disciplines. Research hotspots include the impact of SHS on children's physical and mental health, with a particular focus on behavioral and developmental issues. Additionally, e-cigarette and heated tobacco products have emerged as new concerns in recent research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the rapid expansion of research on SHS exposure among children, underscoring the growing recognition of its widespread health impacts. Interdisciplinary research collaborations are becoming more prevalent, and significant efforts are needed to address emerging issues such as e-cigarette exposure. These results underscore the need for further research to explore and address these evolving issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of smoking prevention behavior of senior high school students: A short report.","authors":"Muthmainnah Muthmainnah, Galuh Mega Kurnia, Avinka Nugrahani","doi":"10.18332/tid/200748","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/200748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With Indonesia ranking top in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations for the number of smokers aged 13-15 years, this study aims to analyze the factors associated with smoking prevention behavior among students of senior high school.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional pilot study, conducted in 2022 with 90 samples of grade 10-11 students at SMA Negeri 1 Taman Sidoarjo East Java Indonesia, examined variables such as perceived vulnerability (the belief about the risk of experiencing a health issue), severity (the belief about the seriousness of the health issue), benefits (the belief in the benefit of taking preventive actions), barriers (the perceived obstacles to performing preventive behaviors), self-efficacy (the confidence in one's ability to perform preventive behaviors successfully), and cues to action (factors that trigger the decision to engage) in relation to health behaviors. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The chi-squared analysis showed significant associations between several factors and smoking prevention behavior. For perceived susceptibility, 34.4% with high susceptibility had good behavior, and 13.3% had not good behavior (p=0.000). For perceived severity, 33.3% with high severity exhibited good behavior, and 21% had not good behavior (p=0.002). Regarding perceived benefits, 28.9% with high benefits showed good behavior, while 22.6% had not good behavior (p=0.018). Self-efficacy indicated 36.7% with high self-efficacy demonstrated good behavior versus 25.8% with not good behavior (p=0.001). Cues to action revealed that 28.9% with high cues had good behavior, and 18.9% did not have good behavior (p=0.003). No association was found for perceived barriers (p=0.386).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The level of smoking prevention behavior is influenced by perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action. Therefore, more intensive and targeted efforts are needed to promote awareness of the dangers of smoking and to enhance adolescents' self-efficacy in preventing smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of vaping, vaping-associated short-term symptoms of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidities, and factors associated with the initiation of vaping among young adults in Kuwait.","authors":"Aisha Altanaib, Arwa Alkhannah, Dhuha Alfouderi, Mariam Almutairi, Rawan Abdullah, Maryam Almuhaileej, Fajer Alqadeeri, Reema Alajmi, Loulwah Alenizi, Ahmad Alsultan, Saeed Akhtar","doi":"10.18332/tid/201441","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/201441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>E-cigarette use or vaping is a public health concern, especially among young adults worldwide. This cross-sectional study aimed to: 1) assess the prevalence of vaping among young adults; 2) assess the prevalence of short-term vaping-associated respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms; and 3) identify factors associated with vaping status among a student population in Kuwait.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In October 2024, a cross-sectional study enrolled students, aged ≥18 years, from various colleges of Kuwait University. Data were collected using a structured e-questionnaire administered through in-person invitations and online platforms. The prevalence (%) of vaping was computed. A multivariable log-binomial regression model was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the factors significantly associated with vaping status. All the statistical tests were two-tailed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1144 participants, most were females (78.5%), Kuwaiti (85.5%), and aged 18-21 years (70.6%). The prevalence of vaping in our sample was 15.5% (177/1144). After adjusting for the effects of age and monthly family income (in KWD), the factors that were significantly (p<0.05) and independently associated with vaping status were male gender (APR=4.52; 95% CI: 3.28-6.22), being a student at a literary college (APR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.12-2.02), a positive belief that 'vaping is less harmful than cigarette smoking' (APR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.06-2.01), and a 'disbelief that vaping leads to cigarette smoking' (APR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.32-2.45), and 'perception about easy accessibility of vaping products' (APR=3.27; 95% CI: 1.04-10.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A moderately high prevalence (15.5%) of vaping in the study sample was recorded. Male gender and some misplaced beliefs and perceptions were significantly associated with vaping status in the study sample. The high prevalences of respiratory symptoms among the participants call for targeted interventions. If instituted, future studies may evaluate the impact of such efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is secondhand smoke exposure associated with depressive symptoms among secondary school students in Malaysia? Findings from a national school-based study.","authors":"Kuang Hock Lim, Yoon Ling Cheong, Chee Cheong Kee, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Mohd Hazilas Mat Hashim, Ali Aman Marine, Jia Hui Lim, Hui Li Lim","doi":"10.18332/tid/197278","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/197278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Numerous studies have shown that secondhand smoke (SHS) is harmful to human health. Thus, the purpose of this study was to look into the relationship between exposure to SHS and depression among secondary-school students in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We derived the data from the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017: Adolescents Health Survey (NHMS 2017: AHS). We examined the association between SHS exposure and depression in 24497 secondary school students. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that 42% of the students were exposed to SHS during the last seven days. Depression symptoms were associated with SHS exposure (AOR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.25) after adjusting for possible confounding effects of other independent variables, including age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status of respondents, marital status of parents, physically being bullied, and physical and verbal abuse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To prevent and control school-going adolescents' exposure to SHS, health education and smoking cessation among those who have close contact with adolescents should be enhanced. In addition, promoting more smoke-free areas, including houses and public places, should be intensified among secondary school students in Malaysia as they transition to adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA-21 plays a role in exacerbating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by regulating necroptosis and apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells.","authors":"Zhengpeng Zeng, Xuelian Liu, Fei Xiang, Xue He, Jiahui Li, Hanying Liu, Lihua Xie","doi":"10.18332/tid/202182","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/202182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bronchial epithelial cell damage is an important determinant of the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD). However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this cell death in COPD development are not well understood. This study investigates the involvement of microRNA-21 (miR-21/miRNA-21) in COPD and its underlying molecular mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mouse model of COPD was created by exposing the mice to cigarette smoke (CS) and injecting them with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Both wild-type mice and miR-21 knockout (miR-21-/-) mice were used to investigate the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in exacerbating COPD. Various assays and analyses were performed, including HE staining, tunel staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting (WB) to measure outcomes such as the pathological morphological changes, necroptosis, apoptosis, and levels of inflammatory factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed an upregulation of miR-21 in the lung tissue of COPD model mice. Additionally, knockout of miR-21 resulted in decreased levels of bronchial epithelial cell necroptosis and apoptosis, as evidenced by the downregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), phosphoryl-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL) and caspase-3. This downregulation of necroptosis and apoptosis ultimately led to a reduction of inflammatory factors and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL- 1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1) in the lungs, thereby ameliorating COPD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that miR-21 contributes to the worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by modulating necroptosis and apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells, providing a new theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Apelin-13 on nicotine-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress.","authors":"Can Xu, Xinyu Nie, Ru Xu, Luyang Zhou, Dongjin Wang","doi":"10.18332/tid/201400","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/201400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to explore the role of Apelin-13 in resisting oxidation, inflammation as well as apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms of action using a model of nicotine-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into control, nicotine, nicotine + Apelin-13, and Apelin-13 groups. Cell counting kit-8 assay was conducted to determine the cell viability. Interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), IL-β, catalase (CAT), IL-8, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were examined. A 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay was conducted to measure the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The morphology of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was observed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Western blotting was employed to measure the protein expressions of apoptotic factors B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax). Apoptosis was quantified using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure of H9c2 cardiomyocytes to 10 μM nicotine significantly reduced cell viability and increased LDH release, oxidative stress (elevated MDA and ROS levels with decreased superoxide dismutase, GSH-Px, and CAT activities), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8), and apoptotic markers (increased Bax with decreased Bcl-2 expression, along with nuclear condensation) (p<0.05). In contrast, treatment with 2 μM Apelin-13 significantly alleviated these deleterious effects, enhancing cell viability, restoring antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing oxidative and inflammatory responses, and inhibiting apoptosis (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nicotine induction increases the oxidative stress and apoptotic capacity of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, but Apelin-13 protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against nicotine-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxycotinine exhibits a stronger association with chronic kidney disease in smokers when compared to cotinine: Evidence from NHANES 2013-2018.","authors":"Shili Zhao, Shijing Zheng, Zhiqiang Liu, Yue Xu, Ning Jia, Cihang Lu, Yaning Wang","doi":"10.18332/tid/201969","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/201969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cotinine and hydroxycotinine are tobacco metabolites that can be used to quantify smoking. This study evaluated their relationship with CKD in smokers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary dataset analysis is based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2013 to 2018. A cross-sectional examination of a subsample of 2930 adult smokers aged ≥20 years was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum cotinine and its metabolite, hydroxycotinine, and CKD. Linear regression, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, restrictive cubic splines, and subgroup analysis were utilized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum cotinine and hydroxycotinine levels were significantly elevated in CKD patients compared to the non-CKD population (230.00 vs 212.00 ng/mL, p=0.02 for cotinine; 97.30 vs 74.70 ng/mL, p<0.001 for hydroxycotinine). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, cotinine (≥316 ng/mL) showed a positive association solely with renal insufficiency (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.07-2.17). In contrast, hydroxycotinine (≥124 ng/mL) was independently associated with three CKD indices: CKD diagnosis (AOR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.06-2.43), renal insufficiency (AOR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.33-3.23), and albuminuria (or proteinuria) (AOR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.06-2.43). Restricted cubic spline analyses revealed nonlinear dose-response relationships: hydroxycotinine exhibited broader negative associations with both eGFR and uACR (p<0.001), while cotinine showed threshold-dependent correlations with CKD risk (positive <180 ng/mL, attenuated above). Subgroup analyses further indicated that hydroxycotinine consistently correlated with CKD across demographics (e.g. males, age <60 years, obesity), whereas cotinine's associations were more limited, with no significant interaction effects observed (p for interaction >0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated serum concentrations of cotinine and hydroxycotinine are positively associated with low glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and CKD in smokers, with hydroxycotinine demonstrating a stronger correlation. Smoking is established as a heightened risk factor for CKD, thus avoidance or reduction of smoking is strongly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11915096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}