Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Association of sociodemographic and occupational stress factors with smoking behavior among healthcare professionals: The mediating role of physical exercise.","authors":"Farooq A Chaudhary, Asma Shakoor, Muhammad A Fareed, Osama Khattak, Mohammed S Alqarni, Rakhi Issrani, Thani Alsharari","doi":"10.18332/tid/204007","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/204007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking remains a major preventable cause of mortality, posing a significant public health challenge globally. Healthcare professionals (HCPs), despite their pivotal role in promoting health, exhibit notable smoking behaviors influenced by occupational stress and sociodemographic factors. This study investigates these relationships and examines the mediating role of physical exercise in smoking behaviors among HCPs in Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 HCPs (medical doctors and dentists) recruited using a snowball sampling technique in Pakistan from March to July 2024. Data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and occupational factors, smoking status and frequency, physical exercise, sleep quality, job satisfaction, and perceived stress. Smoking behavior was analyzed as current, past, or never smokers. Mediation analysis evaluated the role of physical exercise in the association between occupational stress and smoking behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly half (49.3%) of participants were current smokers, with 36.7% smoking 6-20 cigarettes daily and 60.2% of the participants experiencing moderate to high levels of perceived stress. Higher smoking prevalence was associated with gender, frequent night shifts, longer working hours, low job satisfaction, frequent insomnia, and high perceived stress (p<0.05). Regular physical exercise (52.0%) emerged as a significant protective factor against smoking, with those exercising three or more times per week being significantly less likely to smoke (OR=0.05; 95% CI: 0.03-0.09, p<0.001). Mediation analysis showed that physical exercise partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and smoking (indirect effect = -3.67, p<0.001), with a reduced direct effect of perceived stress on smoking after controlling for exercise (B= -1.56, SE=0.22, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Occupational stress, coupled with sociodemographic and work-related factors, drives smoking behaviors among Pakistani HCPs. Physical exercise serves as a protective factor, mediating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking. Workplace interventions promoting stress management, physical activity, and job satisfaction are recommended to reduce smoking rates and foster healthier behaviors among HCPs, improving public health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12083076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national trends in tobacco-induced cardiovascular disease burden for 1990-2021 with projections to 2045: A comprehensive analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Xiaoqiang Zhu, Lei Chen, Xinyue Yang, Yanyan Du, Yangyu Zhao, Tenglong Hu, Na Sun, Qiang Sun, Wenyan Liang, Xiqing Wei, Zhiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.18332/tid/204008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/204008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco use is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its global disease burden trends require further clarification. This study aims to analyze trends in global CVD burden attributable to tobacco in 1990-2021 and project mortality rates and disease burden through 2045.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed temporal trends using age-period-cohort models, evaluated change points with Joinpoint regression, and conducted forecasting using Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, tobacco-attributable CVD deaths reached 2.147 million globally (71.3% increase from 1990), although age-standardized mortality rates decreased to 25.36 per 100000 (83.3% reduction). Mortality rates were lowest in high SDI regions (326.71 per 100000) and highest in low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) regions (788.05 per 100000). The proportion of deaths among those aged ≥80 years increased from 19.2% to 26.2%. Global mortality rates decreased by 1.8% annually, with a greater decline in females (-2.6%) than males (-1.6%). Projections suggest that by 2045, global CVD deaths may reach approximately 3.267 million (52.1% potential increase), although age-standardized mortality rates are expected to decrease to around 38.6 per 100000 (15.9% estimated reduction). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are projected to potentially increase to 75.755 million (39.9% estimated increase), while age-standardized DALY rates could decline to approximately 1008.02 per 100000.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, global tobacco-attributable CVD mortality rates showed a declining trend, with notable regional, sex, and age disparities. Projections indicate that while age-standardized rates will continue to decrease, absolute numbers of deaths and disease burden will increase. The findings emphasize the need to strengthen tobacco control and CVD prevention in low-middle SDI regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of respiratory, hematological and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mazen M Homoud, Rowaida Qoutah, Gokul Krishna, Noran Harbli, Layan Saaty, Afrah Obaidan, Abdulrahman Alkhathami, Noran Jamil, Tala M Alkayyat, Maryam Alsughayyir, Nada Gubari, Saleh Alkhathami, Ali Alqarni, Omar Alqurashi, Khalid Assiri, Khalid Saeed Alwadeai, Wafaa Abdulrahman, Husam Alahmadi, Ayedh Alahmari","doi":"10.18332/tid/202350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/202350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally, over 1 billion people smoke, resulting in approximately 8 million deaths each year. Although the health risks associated with traditional cigarettes are extensively documented, there is an increasing need to evaluate the long-term effects of alternative tobacco products, particularly shisha, and e-cigarettes. This study seeks to compare the respiratory, hematological, and inflammatory profiles of long-term users of cigarettes, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the Respiratory Therapy laboratories of Batterjee Medical College (BMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between February 2022 and August 2023. It involved four groups: cigarette smokers, shisha smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) measured FEV₁, FVC, and other lung function parameters. Hematological profiles, including WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cigarette and shisha users demonstrated significantly reduced FEV₁ (cigarettes: 3.11 ± 0.54 L/s, shisha: 3.26 ± 0.71 L/s; p≤0.0001), FEV₁ (% predicted: 81.63 ± 12.11 for cigarettes, 88.09 ± 12.92 for shisha; p≤0.0001), and FVC (3.87 ± 0.68 L for cigarettes, 3.95 ± 0.880 L for shisha; p=0.004), compared to non-smokers and e-cigarette users. Cigarette smokers exhibited significantly elevated WBC (7.92 ± 2.84 ×10⁹/L; p≤0.001), neutrophil (4.03 ± 2.29 ×10⁹/L), lymphocyte (2.95 ± 0.95 ×10⁹/L), and monocyte counts (0.67 ± 0.21 ×10⁹/L) compared to non-smokers, shisha, and e-cigarette users (p≤0.0001). Cigarette smokers and shisha smokers presented different lung function results but similar inflammatory profiles. However, e-cigarette users demonstrated comparatively higher lung function and lower inflammatory markers compared to both cigarette and shisha users.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to non-smokers, long-term cigarette and shisha smoking is associated with airway obstructive changes and increased inflammatory responses. Although e-cigarette users demonstrated lower inflammatory markers and less deviation from normal PFT, some exhibited borderline values with airway obstruction. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term health consequences of e-cigarette use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative evaluation of Thailand's National Tobacco Control Strategy 2022-2027: Challenges and suggestions for policy implementation.","authors":"Chakkraphan Phetphum, Artittaya Wangwonsin, Orawan Keeratisiroj, Wutthichai Jariya","doi":"10.18332/tid/203935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/203935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has been aligned with Thailand's National Tobacco Control Strategy (NTCS), which has been implemented for over three decades. However, policy evaluation is essential to improve its effectiveness. This formative evaluation study aims to identify challenges and provide suggestions for implementing the current NTCS 2022-2027 at both national and operational levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection for this qualitative research involved document reviews and in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis was used to identify and analyze data from 15 informants who were purposively selected based on their influential positions, expertise, and experience in NTCS implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thailand's NTCS operates through both national and operational stakeholders. The findings revealed multifaceted challenges and suggestions across these levels, categorized into six key areas. First, the gaps in strategic coordination and prioritization reinforced the need to strengthen intersectoral partnerships to achieve tobacco control as a national priority. Second, problems with monitoring as well as evaluation and reporting processes highlighted the need for clearly defined key performance indicators and timelines. Third, role clarity-related gaps at the 'tobacco control focal point' revealed a need for capacity building and strategic management support. Fourth, policy dissemination was impeded by one-way communication modes, emphasizing the importance of two-way communication to foster stakeholder engagement. Fifth, centralized budget management hindered ready matching of resources with regional needs, urging the implementation of decentralized management. Finally, the lack of innovation in tobacco control challenges demonstrated the need for knowledge-sharing mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evaluation offers important insights to strengthen NTCS implementation through enhanced coordination, systematic monitoring, capacity development, policy dissemination, allocation of adequate funds, and promoting innovations. These results contribute to the evidence base for effective tobacco control strategy by providing tangible recommendations for policymakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effect of nicotine pouches on users' health in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Emadeldin M Elsokkary, Fahad A Alsabhan, Abdulellah A Alyahya, Saud A Alsahli, Abdullah M Almousa, Jehad A Aldali, Glowi Alasiri","doi":"10.18332/tid/203510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/203510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco consumption is a significant public health concern and a worldwide avoidable contributor to mortality. Various alternatives have been developed to either support cessation or mitigate the impact of new tobacco products entering the market in order to address the issue. One such recent alternative is the utilization of nicotine pouches. The objective of this study is to investigate the symptoms and awareness associated with the use of nicotine pouches in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey was distributed in both Arabic and English using Google Forms, and it was conducted between 11 January and 4 March 2024 among the general population residing in the Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 27, with a p<0.05 indicating significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 385 participants were included in the study. Married individuals were significantly more likely to have used nicotine products than unmarried (76.2% vs 32.4%, p<0.001). Males were much more likely than females to have used nicotine products (63.1% vs 7.3%, p<0.001). More non-Saudis appeared to have used nicotine products compared to Saudis (57.1% vs 36.0%, p<0.001), while an age-related pattern in the usage of nicotine products, particularly among those aged 30-35 years (90.9%) was noted. In terms of nicotine pouch usage, 79 participants (73.1% vs 26.9%, p<0.001) reported having used nicotine pouches. Symptoms such as mouth or gum irritation and nausea were more common, but no specific pattern emerged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within our sample, daily was the most common frequency of current nicotine pouch usage, while nausea and mouth or gum irritation were reported more frequently.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal smoking around birth is associated with an increased risk of offspring constipation: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yong Shen, Siqi Xie, Yu Lin, Yifan Fang, Bing Zhang, Jinna Zhang","doi":"10.18332/tid/203866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/203866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal smoking around birth and the incidence of offspring constipation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for maternal smoking around birth and offspring constipation were obtained from the Mendelian randomization (MR) Base platform. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with maternal smoking around birth were utilized as instrumental variables in two-sample MR analyses to explore the relationship between maternal smoking and offspring constipation. The analytical methods employed included the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median estimator, and MR-Egger regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty SNPs significantly associated with maternal smoking around birth (p<5×10^-8; linkage disequilibrium r²<0.001) were identified. Across the different methods, a consistent positive association was observed between maternal smoking around birth and an increased risk of constipation in offspring (IVW: OR=4.35; 95% CI: 1.81-10.45; weighted median estimator: OR=4.23; 95% CI: 1.22-14.75; MR-Egger: OR=0.92; 95% CI: 0.01-122.07), suggesting that higher frequency of maternal smoking is associated with an elevated risk of constipation in offspring. However, we did not detect any potential effect of genetic liability to constipation risk on maternal smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence suggesting that increased maternal smoking around the time of birth may be linked to a higher risk of constipation in offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between secondhand smoke exposure and accelerated biological aging: A population-based study and Mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Yue Zhu, Yufan Gao, Yangguang Lu, Yukai Wang, Ziyu Pan, Huixiang Sheng, Jiajun Li, Yinuo Chen, Jialing Lou, Feng Chen, Fajing Yang","doi":"10.18332/tid/203865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/203865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aging is an irreversible biological process significantly influenced by oxidative stress, which smoking exacerbates. While the impact of direct smoking on aging is well-documented, the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and biological aging remains less explored. This study examines the connection between SHS exposure in populations and biological aging, highlighting diabetes as a potential mediator due to its established links to both SHS exposure and accelerated aging through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. It further employs genetic tools to establish a causal relationship between SHS exposure and biological aging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study combines secondary dataset analyses and Mendelian randomization analyses. Data from the NHANES 1999-2010 cycles were used, with serum cotinine levels indicating SHS exposure and phenotypic age, derived from age and clinical biomarkers reflecting inflammation, metabolism, and hematologic function, as the measure of biological aging. Multifactorial linear regression assessed associations, with restricted cubic splines used to explore nonlinear trends. Subgroup and mediation analyses were conducted to explore population-specific effects and the mediating role of diabetes. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using GWAS summary statistics on workplace SHS exposure (N=90168) and phenotypic age acceleration (N=6148) assessed causality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the NHANES analysis, low SHS exposure was associated with a 0.37-year increase in biological aging (β=0.37; 95% CI: 0.04-0.70), while high exposure showed a 0.76-year increase (β=0.76; 95% CI: 0.23-1.29). A U-shaped association was found between log-transformed serum cotinine and biological aging (p<0.001), with a threshold at -1.53. Diabetes mediated 31.25% of this association. In the MR analysis, workplace SHS exposure was causally linked to a 3.05-year acceleration in aging (β=3.05; 95% CI: 0.24-5.85).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SHS exposure accelerates biological aging, partly via diabetes. Genetic evidence supports a causal effect, emphasizing the need to minimize SHS exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of tobacco control policy at the local level in Thailand: Performance evaluation and associated factors.","authors":"Chakkraphan Phetphum, Orawan Keeratisiroj, Artittaya Wangwonsin, Wutthichai Jariya","doi":"10.18332/tid/203868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/203868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco use is one of the top five risk factors for disability-adjusted life years globally, including Thailand. Consequently, Thailand has enacted the Tobacco Products Control Act in alignment with the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. To facilitate national tobacco control policies at the local level, Provincial Tobacco Products Control Committees (PTPCCs) have been established in all 77 provinces. This study aimed to assess the performance of PTPCCs in implementing the tobacco control policy and to identify its associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional survey utilized a self-reported online questionnaire to collect data between May and August 2023. The target population comprised secretaries of PTPCCs across 77 provinces. The survey achieved a completion rate of 75.32%, with responses from 58 provinces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 58 responding provinces, 53% achieved the law enforcement indicator, 43% met the target for prevention of new smokers, and only 34% achieved the smoking cessation performance. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that adequate access to policy information was strongly associated with achieving law enforcement (AOR=10.53; 95% CI: 1.20-92.23). The availability of adequate media resources was significantly associated with successful prevention of new smokers (AOR=8.64; 95% CI: 2.09-35.67). Stronger characteristics of implementing agencies - referring to the provincial governor's commitment to tobacco control policy and the engagement of public and private stakeholders - were positively associated with smoking cessation performance (AOR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.13-3.71).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PTPCCs should be strengthened through adequate access to policy information, sufficient media resources, and strong provincial leadership with multi-sectoral engagement, as these factors are critical to effective policy performance. Enhancing these components will improve the implementation of tobacco control policy at the local level.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to tobacco cessation is a human right and essential for the endgame.","authors":"Ashton Thiele, Carolyn Dresler, Hasmeena Kathuria, Megan Arendt-Manning, Carol Southard","doi":"10.18332/tid/203618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/203618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette smoke modulates methylation levels of LEF1-AS1 and impedes its expression: An experimental study.","authors":"Bader O Almutairi, Ahmed Rady, Bashayer S Aljuhani, Mikhlid H Almutairi","doi":"10.18332/tid/203507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/203507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cigarette smoke (CS) contains carcinogenic substances and influences genetic regulation and epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation. It plays a role in the development of various cancers, including colon, bladder, lung cancer, and leukemia. Long non-coding RNAs play a significant role in controlling several pathways in the cell, including lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 antisense RNA 1 (LEF1-AS1), which is found overexpressed in lung, oral, glioblastoma, and colon cancers and downregulated in leukemias. We investigated the impact of CS on DNA methylation of the promoter region of LEF1-AS1 as well as its expression in endothelial cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on the methylation status of the promoter region of LEF1-AS1 in smoker and non-smoker samples and its expression in relevant cell models. To measure the alternations of DNA methylation, extracted DNA samples from 64 male subjects (32 smokers and 32 non-smokers) were bisulfite-treated and amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with methylation-specific PCR primers. Furthermore, to define the impact of CS on LEF1-AS1 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were fed with media containing CS for 3 and 6 hours. The expression analysis of LEF1-AS1 was performed using the GTEx (Genotype-Tissue Expression) database, including an assessment of its expression in various cancers such as lung and brain cancers. The functional analysis of the LEF1-AS1 gene was conducted across multiple tissues using data from the GENT2 databases, along with meta-survival and functional enrichment analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated an average increase of 19.8% in DNA methylation of the promoter region of LEF1-AS1 in the samples from the smokers compared with those from the non-smokers, as well as a significant reduction of LEF1-AS1 expression level in the HUVECs (45% and 83%) after treatment with CS (3 and 6 Hours), respectively. LEF1-AS1 expression varied significantly across tumor types when compared to their normal counterparts. Some cancers, such as lung and brain, showed increased expression, suggesting cancer-specific overexpression of LEF1-AS1. Variability in expression across cancers and normal tissues implies potential heterogeneity in gene regulation. A meta-survival analysis of the LEF1-AS1 gene (e.g. GSE31546, GSE31548, GSE19188), revealed hazard ratios (HR) ranging widely, with some studies (e.g. GSE31546, HR=12.02) suggesting increased risk, though confidence intervals often included 1, indicating uncertainty. Low heterogeneity (I²=16%, p=0.26) suggests consistency among studies, but the overall findings lack strong statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that CS alters LEF1-AS1 DNA methylation and causes an inhibition of LEF1-AS1 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}