Tobacco Induced Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: Nicotine metabolites in maternal urine and breast milk as biomarkers of infant birth weight and length, a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jadsada Kunno, Panu Pimviriyakul, Titaporn Luangwilai, Parichat Ong-Artborirak, Saowanee Sematong, Thanapong Chaichana, Budsaba Wiriyasirivaj, Mark Gregory Robson","doi":"10.18332/tid/226408","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/226408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy (P-SHS) has adverse effects on breast milk composition and infant birth outcomes. However, evidence clarifying the exact relationship between nicotine exposure and specific infant outcomes is currently limited. This study aims to explore the association between nicotine metabolite levels - in the urine and breast milk of mothers exposed to SHS - and infant birth weight and length, as well as to assess how P-SHS-related variables modify exposure risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional study of first pregnancies from April to December 2025 in an urban low-income community in Bangkok, Thailand. This study used multi-stage purposive sampling to recruit pregnant women and their infants who were highly exposed to secondhand smoke. Nicotine metabolites were measured in mothers' third-trimester urine and post-delivery breast milk samples, and infants' birth weight and length were measured at the participants' households. All measurements were done after participants provided written consent and had answered the questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between maternal nicotine metabolites and infant birth outcomes and between P-SHS exposure and participant nicotine levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study involved 95 pregnant participants exposed to household smoking and their 95 infants. Prenatal maternal urine nicotine metabolite level was significantly associated with breast milk nicotine concentration (p<0.001). Infant weight (p=0.048) and length (p=0.034) were significantly associated with prenatal maternal urine nicotine metabolite levels. Several P-SHS variables reflecting greater SHS exposure, such as smoking in the living room and bedroom (p<0.01), were significantly associated with higher nicotine metabolite levels in prenatal maternal urine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prenatal P-SHS exposure elevated nicotine metabolite concentrations in maternal urine and breast milk, which were significantly associated with infant birth weight and length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking cessation, weight change, and incidence and progression of frailty: A longitudinal analysis of the US Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Yixiao Liang, Ao Li, Lingtong Ren, Hu Ai","doi":"10.18332/tid/231379","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/231379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking cessation is important for healthy ageing, but accompanying weight change may influence subsequent functional vulnerability. We examined whether attained cessation duration and weight change across the observed cessation interval distinguished later frailty risk and frailty-index progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal secondary analysis included 27020 Health and Retirement Study participants with self-reported smoking and body-weight data, and valid consecutive frailty assessments who were non-frail at risk-set entry during 1998-2020. Smoking status, body weight, and covariates were assessed biennially by structured interviews. Time-varying Cox models estimated incident frailty (frailty index ≥0.25), mixed-effects models assessed annual frailty-index change, and restricted cubic splines evaluated continuous associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 10641 incident frailty cases occurred during 250439.9 person-years. Compared with current smokers, quitters before baseline had lower frailty risk (hazard ratio, HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.75-0.84), whereas follow-up quitters overall did not (HR=0.98; 95% CI: 0.90-1.07). In the duration spline, HRs at 0, 7, and 10 years of attained cessation duration were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01-1.28), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67-0.93), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60-0.89), respectively. Among follow-up quitters, >10.0 kg versus 0.1-5.0 kg weight gain was associated with higher risk (HR=1.94; 95% CI: 1.44-2.61); standardized 2-year risks among eligible analytic intervals were 15.9% and 9.5%, respectively. The direct progression contrast was imprecise in Model 3 and was estimated at β=0.415 (95% CI: 0.040-0.790; p=0.030) after additional adjustment for interval-start frailty index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Longer cessation duration was associated with lower frailty risk. Substantial weight gain across the observed cessation interval was associated with higher absolute frailty risk among follow-up quitters. Smoking cessation remains the priority, but marked gain may help identify quitters who warrant continued weight and functional monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy in relation to adolescent anxiety and poor mental health: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2007-2012.","authors":"Ya Liu, Jiaqi Deng, Yong Zhang","doi":"10.18332/tid/226577","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/226577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) has been suggested as a potential contributor to adolescent mental health problems, yet existing evidence remains inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between MSDP and anxiety and poor mental health outcomes among US adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a secondary analysis of pooled cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012, which employs a complex, multistage probability sampling design to ensure national representativeness. A total of 1445 adolescents aged 12-15 years were included. MSDP was assessed via parental report. Anxiety and poor mental health symptoms were measured by self-reported numbers of days feeling anxious or mentally unwell in the past 30 days. Weighted negative binomial regression and logistic regression models were used to estimate the rate ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR), accounting for the complex survey design. Sensitivity analyses were performed using unweighted logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 14.9% were exposed to MSDP. The prevalence of high anxiety (23.2% vs 12.4%, p=0.002) and poor mental health (28.2% vs 12.3%, p=0.001) was greater in the MSDP-exposed group than in the unexposed group. After full adjustment, MSDP was associated with a 1.68-fold increase in the number of anxiety days (95% CI: 1.19-2.37) and a 1.97-fold increase in the number of poor mental health days (95% CI: 1.40-2.77). As categorical outcomes, MSDP was also associated with higher odds of severe anxiety (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=3.03; 95% CI: 1.45-6.29) and severe poor mental health (AOR=3.11; 95% CI: 1.55-6.24). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, MSDP was associated with a higher likelihood of anxiety and poor mental health in adolescents. Given the study design, causality cannot be established. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore potential underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and 204 countries burden of disease attributed to secondhand smoke-related COPD, 1990-2021: A secondary data analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Qian Huang, Lewen Fu, Sajid Ali, Shengtian Hou, Kang Wang, Ruifeng Li, Bo Ao, Youliang Huang","doi":"10.18332/tid/230940","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/230940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a significant economic burden on global public health systems. This secondary data analysis aims to estimate the disease burden of COPD attributable to secondhand smoke exposure from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on mortality, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) for COPD attributable to secondhand smoke exposure were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) database. The percentage changes in estimated annual percentage change, number of deaths, and number of disability-adjusted life years were calculated. The associations between ASMR and sociodemographic index (SDI), as well as between ASDR and SDI, were also investigated. The autoregressive integrated moving average time series model was used to project future trends through 2031.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, the number of deaths worldwide attributable to secondhand smoke exposure leading to COPD increased. ASMR decreased from 11.36 (95% UI: 4.52-18.55) to 5.87 (95% UI: 2.29-9.72), while ASDR decreased from 234.01 (95% UI: 93.58-380.47) to 120.94 (95% UI: 47.2-197.93). In 2021, China had the highest mortality (117387.96; 95% UI: 47776.16-195915.33), while Papua New Guinea had the highest ASMR (31.63; 95% UI: 11.96-54.96) and ASDR (597.51; 95% UI: 226.75-1036.97). The decline in COPD mortality and ASDR was greater among females than among males. SDI exhibited a nonlinear association with both ASMR and ASDR, with SDI=0.42 representing the inflection point for this relationship. Furthermore, the predictive model estimates that ASMR and ASDR attributable to secondhand smoke exposure for COPD will continue declining through 2031.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Globally, both ASMR and ASDR for COPD attributable to secondhand smoke exposure have shown a declining trend, which is projected to continue. However, the magnitude of decline and absolute disease burden vary across income-heterogeneous countries. There is an urgent need to strengthen awareness interventions targeting vulnerable populations and enforce indoor smoke-free policies to prevent further harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared genetic architecture of smoking dependence and Crohn's disease: A cross-trait analysis of GWAS summary statistics.","authors":"Aocheng Ji, Wenbin Xu, Hao Xiong, Huan Zhong, Chunyan Zeng","doi":"10.18332/tid/231217","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/231217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking dependence (SD) and Crohn's disease (CD) are epidemiologically associated, but whether this relationship reflects shared genetic susceptibility remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-trait genetic analysis of SD and CD using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from European-ancestry populations. Genome-wide genetic correlation was estimated using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and high-definition likelihood (HDL). Pleiotropic variants were identified using PLACO and mapped to genomic loci using FUMA. Regional signal sharing was assessed by Bayesian colocalization. Functional analyses included stratified LDSC, Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA), GTEx tissue analysis, and Metascape. Expression-linked candidate genes were prioritized using expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL)-based summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) with heterogeneity in dependent instruments (HEIDI) testing. Genetically informed spatial mapping of cells for complex traits (gsMap) was used for spatial mapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SD and CD showed positive genetic correlation by LDSC (rg=0.2090, p=0.0008) and HDL (rg=0.3817, p=0.00106). PLACO identified 81 genome-wide significant pleiotropic SNPs, which were mapped by FUMA to three loci at 1p31.3, 5p13.1, and 12q12, represented by rs11209031, rs1395152, and rs17467116, respectively. MAGMA identified 22 FDR-significant genes, four of which remained Bonferroni significant: <i>LRRK2, TNFRSF6B, ZGPAT,</i> and <i>RP4-583P15.15</i>. Cross-trait tissue analysis showed significant enrichment of the shared genetic signal in whole blood and small intestine, while gene-set analysis highlighted inflammatory response (p_bon=1.86×10^-5) and T-helper 17 cell differentiation (p_bon=7.37×10^-4). SMR/HEIDI analysis further prioritized <i>RPS6KB1</i> as a shared expression-linked candidate. Spatial mapping revealed a prominent signal in the embryonic gastrointestinal tract and gene-specific regional patterns involving <i>LRRK2</i> and <i>SLC2A13</i> in the adult mouse brain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SD and CD showed measurable shared genetic susceptibility, with convergent evidence from pleiotropic loci, immune-inflammatory pathway enrichment, tissue-level associations, and spatial transcriptomic mapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress, autophagy impairment and cellular senescence.","authors":"Bao-Yu Shi, Xu-Dong Hu, Yuan-Cheng Liu, Si-Ming Hu, Guo-Xing Zhang","doi":"10.18332/tid/226746","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/226746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cellular senescence is a core pathogenic mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cigarette smoke (CS) acts as its primary risk factor. However, the molecular cascade linking CS exposure to pulmonary cellular senescence remains poorly defined. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor triggered by CS-derived chemicals, has an unclarified function in smoke-induced lung cell senescence. This study aimed to verify whether AhR mediates CS-elicited pulmonary senescence through regulating oxidative stress and autophagy, and to elucidate the complete downstream signaling cascade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established an 8-week whole-body CS exposure rat COPD model and treated human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Multiple detection approaches were applied to assess lung pathological lesions, cellular senescence, autophagic flux and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further performed transcriptomic sequencing on rat lung tissues and mined three public human COPD Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to screen key differential genes. Rescue experiments with rapamycin (autophagy activator), N-acetylcysteine (NAC, ROS scavenger) and CH223191 (specific AhR antagonist) were conducted to validate causal relationships among AhR, ROS, autophagy and senescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vivo</i> CS exposure induced typical COPD-like pathological alterations and prominent cellular senescence in rat lungs. <i>In vitro</i> CSE treatment triggered dose-dependent senescence in BEAS-2B cells, accompanied by impaired autophagic flux and excessive ROS overproduction; rapamycin and NAC separately reversed these two phenotypes. Both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> data confirmed robust activation of the AhR pathway, evidenced by significant upregulation of AhR target genes <i>CYP1A1</i> and <i>CYP1B1</i>. Pharmacological inhibition of AhR via CH223191 suppressed ROS accumulation, restored defective autophagy, and ultimately alleviated CSE-induced cellular senescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CS activates pulmonary AhR signaling, which sequentially drives excessive ROS generation, autophagic flux impairment and irreversible lung epithelial senescence. The AhR-ROS-autophagy axis represents a novel pathogenic pathway mediating smoke-related lung aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of smoking and factors associated with smoking cessation among diabetic patients in Chongqing, China: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Heng Luo, Li Zhang, Zhiyong Zhang, Yue Long, Weiping Chen, Changmin Zhang, Fang Liao, Guanglian Zhao","doi":"10.18332/tid/226558","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/226558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking is associated with accelerated progression of diabetes, whereas smoking cessation supports better disease control. This study aimed to determine the smoking prevalence, factors associated with quitting, and the barriers to and needs for smoking cessation among diabetic patients, in order to provide a basis for targeted smoking cessation interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2025. A convenience sampling method was used to survey 1736 diabetic patients with a self-administered questionnaire at 10 community health service centers in Chongqing, China. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, glycemic control, history of comorbid chronic conditions, history of diabetic complications, smoke-free home environment, knowledge of the association between smoking and diabetes, and attitudes or beliefs about smoking cessation. Chi-squared tests, Kruskal-Wallis H tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with smoking cessation. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1736 diabetic patients, 25.6% were current smokers, 16.0% were former smokers, and 58.4% were never smokers. Glycemic control (AOR=0.61; 95% CI: 0.37-1.00), history of comorbid chronic conditions (AOR=3.91; 95% CI: 1.93-7.92), smoke-free home environment (AOR=3.12; 95% CI: 1.99-4.87), knowledge of the association between smoking and diabetes (AOR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.06-1.16), and attitudes or beliefs about smoking cessation (AOR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.31-1.48) were associated with smoking cessation among diabetic patients. Overall, 50.6% of the patients attributed their barriers to cessation to strong nicotine addiction and discomfort after quitting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The smoking rate among diabetic patients in Chongqing is relatively high, and fewer than half of current smokers reported an intention to quit smoking. Smoking cessation among diabetic patients was associated with glycemic control, history of comorbid chronic conditions, smoke-free home environment, knowledge of the association between smoking and diabetes, and attitudes or beliefs about smoking cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of bladder cancer and kidney cancer attributable to smoking in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1990 to 2023 and projections to 2050.","authors":"Jia Deng, Bing Yang, Zhenzhen Wu, Hao Wu, Huazheng Sun, Zhenming Xie, Bo Dai, Dongxin Tang","doi":"10.18332/tid/226570","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/226570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for bladder and kidney cancer. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), comprehensive longitudinal evidence on the smoking-attributable burden of these cancers remains limited. This study assessed the burden, temporal trends, socioeconomic inequalities, and future projections of smoking-attributable bladder and kidney cancer in LAC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 study to estimate deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) for smoking-attributable bladder and kidney cancer across 33 countries and territories in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1990 to 2023. Temporal trends were evaluated using joinpoint regression and average annual percent change (AAPC). Socioeconomic inequalities were assessed in relation to the sociodemographic index (SDI) using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (CIX). Future burden to 2050 was projected using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, smoking-attributable bladder cancer caused an estimated 1742 deaths and 35903 DALYs in LAC, while kidney cancer caused 637 deaths and 14947 DALYs. From 1990 to 2023, ASMR and ASDR for both cancers showed overall declining trends, although substantial regional heterogeneity was observed, with the Caribbean showing increasing burden. At the national level, the burden of both cancers was positively associated with SDI in 2023. Projections to 2050 indicate that age-standardized rates will continue to decline, whereas the absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs will increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age-standardized rates declined overall, whereas the absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs are projected to increase in Latin America and the Caribbean. Stronger tobacco control and better-prepared health systems are needed to address the growing cancer burden in aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic inflammatory indices and lung cancer risk by smoking and alcohol use in Korean men: A secondary dataset analysis of the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II.","authors":"Jong Won Shin, Thien Minh Nguyen, Sun Ha Jee","doi":"10.18332/tid/226556","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/226556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systemic inflammation has been implicated in cancer development, but prospective evidence regarding its association with lung cancer risk remains limited. This study evaluated the associations of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with lung cancer risk according to smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and their combined exposure patterns in Korean men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary dataset analysis utilized data from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II), a nationwide prospective cohort. Among 20167 men, 236 incident lung cancer cases were identified during a median follow-up of approximately 14 years. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) for lung cancer per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in SII and NLR were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, liver function, and endogenous antioxidant biomarkers. Analyses were performed in the overall population and stratified by smoking and alcohol status, including concurrent current smokers and drinkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher SII and NLR were associated with increased lung cancer risk in Korean men, with consistent associations observed among current smokers, current drinkers, and individuals with concurrent current smoking and drinking. In combined exposure analyses, substantially elevated risks were observed among current smokers with high inflammatory marker levels (SII: AHR=3.58; 95% CI: 2.51-5.09; NLR: AHR=3.78; 95% CI: 2.65-5.39). SII showed the strongest association among individuals smoking ≥30 cigarettes/day (AHR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.21-1.60).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Systemic inflammatory markers, particularly SII, were associated with lung cancer risk in Korean men, with stronger associations observed among current smokers. These findings suggest that systemic inflammatory status may help identify individuals at elevated risk of smoking-related lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondhand smoke exposure among patients with coronary heart disease in a tertiary Grade A hospital in China: A qualitative study of lived experience and sociocultural challenges.","authors":"Weimei Yang, Ya Zhao, Lijuan Lu, Xifei He, Xueke Yang","doi":"10.18332/tid/225448","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tid/225448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a known cardiovascular risk factor, but little is understood about how patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) perceive and manage this exposure in daily life. This study aimed to explore the perceptions, lived experiences, and sociocultural challenges of SHS exposure among Chinese patients with CHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted from December 2023 to April 2024 in the cardiovascular ward of a tertiary Grade A hospital in China, using a descriptive phenomenological approach, among twelve participants. Purposive sampling was used to recruit patients with CHD who reported SHS exposure. Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi seven-step method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes were identified: 1) Limited and fragmented understanding of SHS; 2) Difficulty avoiding SHS exposure across everyday settings; 3) Aversion to SHS and sociocultural constraints on speaking up; 4) Reliance on smoke-free policies and their enforcement; and 5) Smoke-free homes as an ideal yet difficult-to-achieve goal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These qualitative findings suggest that everyday exposure settings, social and relational norms, and the perceived implementation of smoke-free policies shaped SHS exposure among patients with CHD in this study context. Future research with broader and more diverse samples is needed to examine the transferability of these findings and to inform interventions aimed at reducing SHS exposure in high-risk cardiovascular populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23202,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}