T'oung Pao最新文献

{"title":"Istoriia kitaiskoi klassicheskoi literatury s drevnosti i do XIII veka: Poeziia, Proza. (History of Chinese Classical Literature from Antiquity to the 13th Century: Poetry, Prose), written by By Marina E. Kravtsova and Igor A. Alimov","authors":"Rostislav Berezkin","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"7 1","pages":"284-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84660780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Medieval Chinese Gāthā and Its Relationship to Poetry","authors":"T. Mazanec","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the shifting definitions of the term gāthā (Ch. ji) over an 800-year period, from the earliest sūtra translations into Chinese until the mid-tenth century. Although the term originally referred to the verse sections of scriptures, gāthās soon began to circulate separately, used in ritual, contemplative, and pedagogical practices. By the late sixth century, it began to mean something like “Buddhist verse.” Over the course of the Tang, gāthās came to take on the formal features of poetry, eventually becoming all but indistinguishable from elite verse. However, the word gāthā was always seen as something inferior to real poetry, and, by the late Tang, we find poet-monks belittling other monks’ didactic verses so as to distinguish their own work and avoid the taint of the word gāthā. Cet article explore l’evolution du sens du terme gāthā (ch. ji) sur une periode s’etendant sur plus de huit cent ans, depuis les premieres traductions des sūtra en chinois jusqu’au milieu du dixieme siecle. Bien que ce terme designât a l’origine les parties rimees des textes sacres bouddhiques, les gāthās tres tot commencerent a circuler independamment et a etre employees dans les pratiques rituelles, contemplatives et pedagogiques. Vers la fin du sixieme siecle, il devint synonyme de « poesie bouddhique ». Au cours de la dynastie des Tang, les gāthās adopterent les regles formelles de la poesie, si bien qu’ils devinrent quasiment identiques aux autres formes d’expression poetique des elites. Le mot gāthā cependant continua a evoquer un style inferieur a celui de la « vraie » poesie, et a la fin des Tang des moines-poetes moquerent les vers didactiques composes par d’autres moines dans le but de distinguer leur propres compositions et de se demarquer des connotations peu flatteuses du terme gāthā.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"59 1","pages":"94-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84779748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alien Voices under the Bean Arbor: How an Eighteenth-Century French Jesuit Translated Doupeng xianhua 豆棚閒話 as the “Dialogue of a Modern Atheist Chinese Philosopher”*","authors":"Hui Wu","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P04","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines an eighteenth-century French Jesuit’s translation of the final chapter of the early Qing collection of vernacular stories Doupeng xianhua 豆棚閒話 (Idle Talks under the Bean Arbor), which became a “philosophical dialogue” of a “modern atheist Chinese philosopher.” The trajectory of the text is examined by analyzing the layers of meaning superposed upon it by a succession of agencies: the original author Aina Jushi 艾衲居士, a Jiangnan literatus who philosophized on the fall of the Ming dynasty; Father Francois-Xavier Dentrecolles, the Jesuit missionary who translated the text with extensive commentaries of his own to make a case against atheism; the Parisian editor Jean-Baptiste Du Halde who published the translation in the landmark of Jesuit sinology, Description de l’Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise (1735); the engravers in Paris and the Hague who remolded its cosmological diagrams to conform to their own scientific and aesthetic standards; and finally, its European re-translators and readers, some of whom used it as a weapon against the Jesuits and the Catholic Church. The gains and losses of the Doupeng xianhua during this process are discussed, as well as the new light brought by the French translation on its circulation in Qing China. Finally, the challenge this atypical case poses to received narratives of the Sino-Western cultural exchange through the Jesuit mission is assessed. Cet article examine la traduction au XVIIIe siecle, par un jesuite francais, du dernier chapitre du recueil de contes vernaculaires Doupeng xianhua 豆棚閒話 (Propos oisifs sous la tonnelle des haricots), qui devient un « dialogue philosophique » d’un « philosophe chinois athee moderne ». La trajectoire de ce texte est retracee en analysant les strates successives de sens superposees sur ce texte grâce a des acteurs divers : l’auteur de l’original Aina Jushi 艾衲居士, un lettre du Jiangnan qui a philosophe sur la chute de la dynastie des Ming ; le missionnaire jesuite Francois-Xavier Dentrecolles qui a traduit le texte avec une profusion de commentaires de son propre cru contre l’atheisme ; l’editeur parisien Jean-Baptiste Du Halde qui a publie cette traduction dans la Description de l’Empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie chinoise (1735), un monument de la sinologie francaise ; les graveurs a Paris et a La Haye qui ont retravaille les diagrammes cosmologiques conformement a leurs propres normes scientifiques et esthetiques ; et enfin, les re-traducteurs et lecteurs europeens de ce texte, certains desquels l’ont utilise contre les jesuites et l’Eglise catholique. La conclusion evoque les gains et les pertes du Doupeng xianhua au cours de ce processus et l’eclairage que peut apporter cette traduction francaise sur la diffusion de l’original dans la Chine des Qing. Elle envisage enfin le defi pose par ce cas atypique aux recits conventionnels sur la mediation des jesuites dans les echanges culturels entre la Chine et l’Europe.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"299 1","pages":"155-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77199143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une refondation de l’empire: Une histoire politique, économique, sociale et culturelle des Song","authors":"C. Lamouroux","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"8 1","pages":"247-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87536108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highland Inscriptions in Buddhist China","authors":"R. Birnbaum","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"3 1","pages":"261-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79783542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Trouble with Wang Xizhi: Illness and Healing in a Fourth-Century Chinese Correspondence","authors":"Antje Richter, C. Chace","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P02","url":null,"abstract":"Containing many reports of his own illnesses and attempts at treatment, along with inquiries after the health of correspondents and acquaintances, the letters of Wang Xizhi (303-361) constitute the earliest sizeable corpus of personal health reports in Chinese literature and are thus a valuable source for the study of Chinese epistolary communication and medical history. This article explores the rhetorical strategies of Wang’s medical narratives and the role that writing about illness and healing may have played in the correspondents’ relationships and broader networks. Examining the medical ideas and terminology evident in Wang Xizhi’s letters, the article also seeks to illuminate a section of the multifaceted world of early medieval Chinese healing practices. By allowing us to get closer to the calligrapher’s body, Wang’s illness narratives further help us to heighten our awareness of the circumstances that shape the artistic process. Les lettres de Wang Xizhi (303-361) contiennent de nombreuses informations sur ses propres problemes medicaux et sur ses facons de se traiter, ainsi que des questions adressees aux destinataires quant a leur sante et celle de leurs connaissances communes. Elles constituent ainsi le plus ancien corpus de taille consequente au sein de la litterature chinoise traitant de l’histoire medicale d’individus ; elles ont donc une valeur importante comme source tant pour l’histoire epistolaire que medicale. Cet article explore les strategies rhetoriques dans les recits qu’offre Wang au sujet de la sante, ainsi que le role que ses ecrits sur les maladies et les guerisons ont pu jouer dans ses rapports sociaux avec ses correspondants et au-dela. En examinant les idees et la terminologie medicale exprimees dans les lettres de Wang Xizhi, cet article ambitionne aussi d’eclairer un pan du monde tres varie des pratiques de guerison chinoises medievales. Ses temoignages sur ses maladies, qui nous permettent d’approcher de pres le grand calligraphe dans sa corporalite, nous rendent plus attentif aux conditions les plus physiques de sa production artistique.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"24 1","pages":"33-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77359939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debating what Lü Dongbin Practiced: Why did the Yuan Daoist Miao Shanshi Denounce the Zhong-Lü Texts?","authors":"S. Eskildsen","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10245P04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10245P04","url":null,"abstract":"Miao Shanshi (fl. 1324), in his Chunyang dijun shenhua miaotong ji , a large collection of stories about the legendary immortal Lu Dongbin, denounces as spurious and fallacious the three so-called “Zhong-Lu texts” ( Zhong-Lu chuandao ji , Lingbao bifa, and Xishan qunxian huizhen ji ) that claim to convey the inner alchemical teachings learned and practiced by Lu Dongbin. So why did Miao Shanshi, who saw himself as a champion of Quanzhen Daoist orthodoxy and defender of Lu Dongbin’s true legacy, so disdain these texts? Clues for answering this question are to be found in the dialogue between Zhongli Quan and Lu Dongbin recorded in the Miaotong ji ’s sixth episode. Miao Shanshi’s editorial comments provide further hints as to what he objected to in the Zhong-Lu texts, as well as to how he himself may have arrived at his notion of what Lu Dongbin learned, practiced, and later taught. Attention is here also paid to another work of his, entitled Xuanjiao dagong’an . Miao Shanshi’s inner alchemical methods, which he considered the true teachings of Lu Dongbin, compared to those advocated in the Zhong-Lu texts, are much less complicated and seem to essentially consist of making the mind clear and calm while slowing down one’s breathing.\u2029Miao Shanshi (fl. 1324), denonce dans son Chunyang dijun shenhua miaotong ji ( Miaotong ji  ; une vaste collection de recits sur l’immortel legendaire Lu Dongbin), les trois textes dits de la tradition “Zhong-Lu” ( Zhong-Lu chuandao ji , Lingbao bifa et Xishan qunxian huizhen ji ). Il affirme que ces textes reputes exposer les techniques d’alchimie interieure recues et pratiquees par Lu Dongbin sont en realite apocryphes et erronees. Pourquoi Miao Shanshi, qui se presente comme un pilier de l’orthodoxie du taoisme Quanzhen et un gardien de l’heritage de Lu Dongbin, rejette-t-il ces textes avec autant de virulence ? La reponse se trouve en bonne partie dans le dialogue entre Zhongli Quan et Lu Dongbin expose dans le 6e episode du Miaotong ji . Miao Shanshi dans ses commentaires a son propre recit fournit des elements supplementaires sur son opposition a ces textes et sur sa propre facon de concevoir ce que fut l’enseignement de Lu Dongbin. La vision de l’orthodoxie defendue par Miao Shanshi est encore analysee dans une autre de ses œuvres, le Xuanjiao dagong’an . L’article conclut que les methodes d’alchimie interieure defendues par Miao Shanshi (et qu’il considere comme representant l’enseignement authentique de Lu Dongbin) sont bien moins complexes techniquement que celles exposees dans les textes Zhong-Lu, et consistent essentiellement a rendre l’esprit clair et calme en ralentissant sa respiration.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"45 1","pages":"407-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79342959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious and Other Experiences of Daoist Priestesses in Tang China","authors":"Jinhua Jia","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10245P02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10245P02","url":null,"abstract":"Most previous studies relating to women in Tang Daoism have relied heavily on Du Guangting’s (850-933) Yongcheng jixian lu , despite the fact that Du’s acknowledged hagiographies are idealized versions of the women’s lives. The present article seeks instead to gather information about historical priestesses from a wide range of contemporary sources, including most importantly epitaphic inscriptions, as well as other materials such as manuscripts from Dunhuang, various poems, essays, anecdotal accounts, and monastic gazetteers. Even while taking account of the possible urge of the authors sometimes to overpraise or exaggerate the merits of their subjects, we discover a surprisingly broad gamut of abilities displayed and activities engaged in by these women. Records relating to fifty-two named individuals are surveyed here, yielding much information of a quotidian nature about the varying roles and religious experiences of Daoist priestesses.\u2029La plupart des etudes existantes concernant les femmes dans le taoisme des Tang recourent d’abondance au Yongcheng jixian lu de Du Guangting (850-933), alors que cet ouvrage deliberement hagiographique offre une version idealisee de la vie de ses heroines. Le present article cherche plutot a rassembler des informations sur des pretresses ayant historiquement existe en parcourant un vaste ensemble de sources contemporaines: en premier lieu les inscriptions funeraires, mais egalement les manuscrits de Dunhuang, les poemes, les essais, les anecdotes, ou les monographies monastiques. Meme en admettant une tendance de la part des auteurs a exagerer les merites de leurs sujets, l’on decouvre chez ces femmes un eventail de talents et d’activites etonnamment large. Les sources examinees ici concernent cinquante-deux personnes et livrent quantite d’informations de nature quotidienne sur les differents roles et sur les experiences religieuses des pretresses taoistes.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"33 4 1","pages":"321-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91193245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns within the Supreme Polarity. Edited by David Jones and Jinli He, 2015","authors":"Maud M’Bondjo","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10245p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10245p10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"10 1","pages":"562-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88655952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buddhist Tales of Lü Dongbin","authors":"Joshua Capitanio","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10245P05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10245P05","url":null,"abstract":"During the early thirteenth century, a story began to appear within texts associated with the Chan 禪 Buddhist movement, which portrays an encounter between the eminent transcendent Lu Dongbin 呂洞賓 and the Chan monk Huanglong Huiji 黃龍誨機 that results in Lu abandoning his alchemical techniques of self-cultivation and taking up the practice of Chan. This article traces the development of this tale across a number of Buddhist sources of the late imperial period, and also examines the ways in which later Buddhist and Daoist authors understood the story and utilized it in advancing their own polemical claims. Au debut du treizieme siecle apparait dans les textes du bouddhisme Chan un recit qui met en scene une rencontre entre le celebre immortel Lu Dongbin et le moine Chan Huanglong Huiji. Au terme de cette rencontre, Lu abandonne ses pratiques alchimiques de perfectionnement de soi et adopte celle de la meditation Chan. Le present article retrace le developpement de ce theme narratif au travers des sources bouddhiques de la fin de l’epoque imperiale, et examine la maniere dont des auteurs bouddhistes et taoistes ont compris le recit et l’ont manipule en fonction de leurs propres objectifs polemiques.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"59 1","pages":"448-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85223215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}