T'oung Pao最新文献

{"title":"Scribes, Assistants, and the Materiality of Administrative Documents in Qin-Early Han China: Excavated Evidence from Liye, Shuihudi, and Zhangjiashan","authors":"Tsang Wing Ma","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P01","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the increasing administrative needs in the early imperial period, the profession of scribes was liberated from being the exclusive reserve of traditional hereditary families and opened to aspirants from non-hereditary families. Based on the excavated legal and administrative texts from Liye, Shuihudi, and Zhangjiashan, this paper explores the complementary nature of the scribes and assistants to understand the opening of the scribal profession. This paper also coins a concept of “administrative literacy,” which suggests that the materiality of written surfaces is a significant factor in understanding the literacy of administrative officials in early imperial China. Du fait des besoins croissants de l’administration aux debuts de l’epoque imperiale, la profession de scribe a cesse d’etre l’apanage des familles qui traditionnellement en avaient l’acces exclusif, et a ete ouverte a des candidats venus d’autres familles. En se fondant sur les documents administratifs et juridiques exhumes a Liye, Shuihudi et Zhangjiashan, cet article explore la nature complementaire des roles de scribe et d’assistant, en vue de comprendre une telle ouverture de la profession de scribe. Ce faisant, il propose le concept de “competence administrative” et suggere que la materialite des supports d’ecriture etait un facteur important pour comprendre les niveaux de competence des fonctionnaires de l’administration aux debuts de l’ere imperiale.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"1 1","pages":"297-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88539262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confucian Rituals and Chinese Villagers: Ritual Change and Social Transformation in a Southeastern Chinese Community, 1368-1949 , written by Yonghua Liu, 2013","authors":"Georges Favraud","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P12","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Confucian Rituals and Chinese Villagers: Ritual Change and Social Transformation in a Southeastern Chinese Community, 1368-1949, written by Yonghua Liu, 2013 Georges Favraud","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"128 1","pages":"502-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87962619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The People between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200-750 CE , written by Catherine Churchman, 2016","authors":"Michèle Pirazzoli-t’Serstevens","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"81 3 1","pages":"477-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88014999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lectures et usages de la Grande Étude, edited by Anne Cheng, with Damien Morier-Genoud, 2015","authors":"Michael Nylan","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"385 1","pages":"482-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84983747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Did Buddhism Matter in Tang Poetry","authors":"Stephen Owen","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P03","url":null,"abstract":"Buddhism was often a theme in poetry, especially when writing to monks and on Buddhist sites; it was sometimes a deep conviction on the part of individual poets that contributed to the way they represented the world. There was a period, however, from the ninth through early eleventh century, when Chan meditation shaped how poets thought about the very way of writing poetry. The common use of the [Buddhist] “Way” or Chan in parallel with “poetry” in couplets from this period worked through the possible relations: identity, similarity, complementarity, and mutual exclusion. But the presumption was that the composition of poetry was the counterpart of Chan meditation. Such serious reflection on the relation between Chan meditation practice and poetry eventually devolved into Yan Yu’s thirteenth-century comparison of Chan sectarian doctrine with the study of poetry.\u2029Le bouddhisme est un theme tres frequent dans la poesie chinoise, en particulier quand le poete ecrit a un moine ou au sujet d’un site bouddhique. Il constitue dans certains cas une conviction profonde qui contribue fortement a forger la representation du monde telle que le poete l’exprime en vers. Il y eut cependant une epoque, entre le ixe et le debut du xie siecle, ou la meditation Chan a faconne la facon meme dont les poetes concevaient l’ecriture poetique. L’usage frequent des termes “Voie”  (bouddhique) ou Chan en parallele avec celui de “poesie” dans les couplets de cette epoque couvre la gamme de leurs relations possibles: identite, similarite, complementarite et exclusion mutuelle. L’hypothese commune a ces diverses options etait que l’ecriture poetique etait l’homologue de la meditation Chan. Ces reflexions elaborees sur les rapports entre les pratiques de la meditation Chan et de la poesie ont debouche au xiiie siecle sur la comparaison menee par Yan Yu entre la doctrine Chan et l’etude de la poesie.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"17 1","pages":"388-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87154234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Michael Boym’s Medicus Sinicus: New Facts, Reflections, Conclusions","authors":"E. Kajdański","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10345P05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10345P05","url":null,"abstract":"Following the author’s previous work on reconstituting the transmission to Europe, disappearance, and eventual publication under other names of the Polish Jesuit Michael Boym’s manuscript work on Chinese medicine, this article recounts the recent discovery of some of these manuscripts. They are kept at the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow, and were originally part of the Chinese Library of the Elector of Brandenburg, where they were acquired from Dutch officials who had earlier bought them from the Jesuit Philippe Couplet (who had obtained them from Boym’s last companion). The complex story of these manuscripts’ travels documents the keen interest in Chinese medicine among the many competing European powers and institutions in the seventeenth century; it also shows that we should be careful in assessing whether the publication of Boym’s seminal work under other names was willful plagiarism, or a result of contemporary tensions and confusion. Cet article fait suite aux travaux anterieurs de l’auteur sur la transmission en Europe, la disparition puis la publication sous d’autres noms des travaux manuscrits sur la medecine chinoise du jesuite polonais Michael Boym. Il relate la decouverte recente d’une partie de ces manuscrits dans la bibliotheque Jagiellonienne a Cracovie, et montre qu’ils viennent de l’ancienne bibliotheque chinoise du Grand Electeur de Brandebourg, ou ils ont ete originellement acquis aupres d’officiers hollandais qui les avaient achetes aupres du jesuite Philippe Couplet, qui lui-meme les avait obtenus du dernier compagnon de Boym a la mort de celui-ci. L’histoire complexe des voyages de ces manuscrits met en lumiere le fort interet pour la medecine chinoise de la part des diverses puissances et institutions europeennes du 17e siecle, alors en vive concurrence ; elle nous engage aussi a la prudence quant aux jugements que l’on peut porter sur la publication des travaux pionniers de Boym sous d’autres noms, qui doit autant aux tensions et confusions politiques du temps qu’a un plagiat intentionnel.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"87 1","pages":"448-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88947815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture. (Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section 4, China, vol. 31.), edited by Antje Richter","authors":"Jean-Pierre Drège","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"20 1","pages":"279-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87243505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oedipal God: The Chinese Nezha and his Indian Origins, written by Meir Shahar","authors":"Mark R. E. Meulenbeld","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"27 1","pages":"291-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83381533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Rule by Manufacture: Measurement Regulation and Metal Weight Production in the Qin Empire","authors":"K. Li","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P01","url":null,"abstract":"After annexing his opponent states, the Qin First Emperor in 221 bce issued an edict to regulate the measurement system of lengths, volumes, and weights throughout the empire. This edict was inscribed on a great number of metal objects to be used as prototypes or standards for the measurement system. How the molds for the weights and crucibles of metal were prepared are essential questions regarding the production of these standards. By examining the weights and tracing the history of their industrial production, this article focuses on studying their material features, which enable us to understand the operation of the Qin foundries that produced them and their relationships with the government. It is hypothesized that the weights were produced at multiple local workshops rather than in a centrally administered factory, but that the foundries’ production methods were determined by the government’s political agenda to communicate its regulation policy to its subordinates. In addition, the study explores the Qin industrial organization and how the maintenance and large-scale distribution of the standardized weights reflected the policy implementation of the Qin empire. Apres avoir annexe les Etats qui s’opposaient encore a lui, le premier empereur des Qin promulgua en 221 avant notre ere un edit qui fixait les systemes de mesure pour les longueurs, volumes et poids dans tout l’empire. Cet edit fut grave sur un grand nombre d’objets metalliques devant servir de prototypes ou d’etalon. L’une des questions essentielles que pose la production de ces poids-etalons est la facon dont etaient prepares les moules pour faconner les poids et les creusets ou etait fondu le metal. En examinant les poids-etalons qui ont subsiste et en retracant l’histoire de leur production industrielle, cet article concentre l’attention sur leur materialite, ce qui nous permet de comprendre le fonctionnement des fonderies des Qin qui les ont produites, et leurs rapports avec le gouvernement. Il avance l’hypothese que les poids furent produits dans de nombreux ateliers locaux plutot que dans une fonderie centrale administree par l’Etat, mais que les methodes de production mises en œuvre par ces ateliers etaient determinees par le gouvernement, qui avait pour objectif de faire systematiquement connaitre et appliquer ses reglementations a ses subordonnes. De plus, cet article explore l’organisation industrielle des Qin et la facon dont l’entretien et la distribution a grande echelle des poids standardises refletent plus largement les methodes de mise en œuvre des politiques decidees par l’Etat imperial des Qin.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"118 1","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81780259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine Production: Publishing Qianlong’s Poetry Collections","authors":"Zinan Yan","doi":"10.1163/15685322-10313P05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10313P05","url":null,"abstract":"Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799, r. 1735-1795) published his imperial poetry collections at regular intervals during his reign. This article reconstructs the gradual process of routinization of these activities through a close reading of the collections’ prefaces and postscripts. Understanding this process helps us to understand the subtlety of the intra-court communications between Qianlong and his officials, which contextualizes how Qianlong’s intent was delivered, received, and actualized in courtly practice. This routinization process also had a certain influence upon Qianlong and his successors, and suggests a possible reason behind Qianlong’s large poetry production. L’empereur Qianlong (1711-1799, r. 1735-1795) a publie regulierement au cours de son regne des collections de ses poemes. Se fondant sur une etude des prefaces et postfaces de ces collections, cet article reconstruit le processus qui a mene progressivement a etablir des procedures routinieres en vue de telles publications. Ce processus nous permet de mieux saisir la complexite des communications au sein de la Cour entre Qianlong et ses hauts fonctionnaires, et de contextualiser les manieres dont les projets de l’empereur etaient exprimes, compris et mis en œuvre au sein de la Cour. Une telle routinisation a en retour influence les pratiques de Qianlong et de ses successeurs, et suggere une raison credible pour la grande abondance de la production poetique de Qianlong.","PeriodicalId":23193,"journal":{"name":"T'oung Pao","volume":"243 1","pages":"206-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87043990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}