Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology最新文献_第3页

Airway management in patients with COVID-19: an updated guide for clinicians in the emergency department COVID-19患者的气道管理:急诊科临床医生的最新指南

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000308

A. K. Erenler, Seval Komut, M. Çapraz, A. Baydın

{"title":"Airway management in patients with COVID-19: an updated guide for clinicians in the emergency department","authors":"A. K. Erenler, Seval Komut, M. Çapraz, A. Baydın","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000308","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease, also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus has changed the characteristics of many methods used by healthcare providers. These modifications aimed to provide safety and reduce the risk of virus transmission. Some of the recommendations to reduce the risk of aerosol transmission during the intubation are usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and video laryngoscopy (VL). After satisfactory preoxygenation, along with sedation and paralysis of the patient, modified rapid sequence induction is the recommended technique. Intubation timing and period should be arranged well in order to minimize aerosol spread. During intubation, barrier devices, such as screens and intubation boxes should be considered. Patient coughing during intubation can generate aerosols and should be avoided. Gentle airway manipulation is assured. It is prudent to use VL rather than direct laryngoscopy for intubation because VL increases the distance between the healthcare worker's face and the patient's face, which may minimize the risk of contamination. In this narrative review, we aimed to focus on protective measures and modifications occurred during COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126282363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors affecting blood culture contamination rates and effective reduction measures 影响血培养物污染率的因素及有效降低措施

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000310

Brianna Sacchetti, Ginny Webb

引用次数: 0

Unprecedented fungal infections and systematization of superficial mycosis: the immunity paradigm 前所未有的真菌感染和体表真菌病的系统化:免疫范式

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000316

G. Leite, C. Damasceno

{"title":"Unprecedented fungal infections and systematization of superficial mycosis: the immunity paradigm","authors":"G. Leite, C. Damasceno","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000316","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal infections account for >1 million deaths per year worldwide and projections foresee continual increase. Longer lives of patients with immunity defects such as HIV due to technological and therapeutic advancements in the past few decades has made a new approach to fungal infections needed. Fungi which were previously thought as environmental and saprophytic seem to be able to infect immunocompromised patients to a deadly extent, and as the medical scientific community – and subsequently clinicians – were unaware of these organisms concerning pathological relations, it seemed crucial to organize information on the topic to better address it. In this review, we have compiled data on the basic molecular mechanisms of infection and immunity against fungi, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of fungal infections, as well as presented the main rising ‘new’ fungi from the immunity paradigm of last decades. In conclusion, literature data seems to attribute great importance to the observation of superficial mycosis and preventing its systematization, since treatment are not yet promising against unprecedented diseases brought up by the fungi immunity paradigm.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130218860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human adenovirus 6 identification in tonsillar tissue of children with tonsillar hypertrophy 扁桃体肥大儿童扁桃体组织中人腺病毒6的鉴定

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000311

Zahra Heydarifard, V. Salimi, Farshid Achak, Sevrin Zadheidar, K. Sadeghi, M. Yekaninejad, T. Mokhtari-azad, N. Shafiei-Jandaghi

{"title":"Human adenovirus 6 identification in tonsillar tissue of children with tonsillar hypertrophy","authors":"Zahra Heydarifard, V. Salimi, Farshid Achak, Sevrin Zadheidar, K. Sadeghi, M. Yekaninejad, T. Mokhtari-azad, N. Shafiei-Jandaghi","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000311","url":null,"abstract":"Tonsillar hypertrophy is a common disorder in children that its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. The possible role of respiratory viral infections in tonsillar hypertrophy is still under investigation. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the probable candidates, which might cause cell growth induction, apoptosis inhibition and finally tonsillar hypertrophy. This study was designed to determine the rate of HAdV genome detection, as well as identifying the virus species and types in tonsil tissues of children aged 15 years and younger with tonsillar hypertrophy. To reach the goals, 50 tonsillar tissue specimens were collected from children with hypertrophy who underwent tonsillectomies. A nested PCR with specific primers targeting a part of HAdV hexon gene was performed on these samples. PCR products of positive cases were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic tree was drawn. The results showed that, HAdV genome was detected in 16 (32%) tissue samples, in which HAdV-C6 (31.3%, 5/16) was identified as the predominant type, followed by HAdV-C1 (25%, 4/16), HAdV-C5 (18.7%, 3/16), HAdV-C2 (12.5%, 2/16) and HAdV-B7 (12.5%, 2/16). Remarkably, in this study HAdV-C6 was the most common identified type with the potency of latency in children diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy. This type of adenovirus mostly causes asymptomatic infection which results in underestimation of this type by screening symptomatic patients. In conclusion, HAdV-C was the predominant species of HAdV detected in hypertrophic tonsil tissues. Latency-associated transcripts of this virus might be involved in pathogenesis of tonsillar hypertrophy.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"C-24 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114121940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Most important bacterial and parasitic zoonotic diseases in Iran 伊朗最重要的细菌和寄生虫人畜共患疾病

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000320

Manouchehr Ahmadi Hedayati, N. Bahmani

{"title":"Most important bacterial and parasitic zoonotic diseases in Iran","authors":"Manouchehr Ahmadi Hedayati, N. Bahmani","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000320","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization in 1959 described zoonoses are infections that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to human and inversely. Infectious diseases with determinate geographical dissemination caused by fungi, viruses, parasites and bacteria are classified as zoonotic diseases. The bacterial and parasite zoonotic disease's agents transmit between humans and animals through a number of factors including direct contact, food and water sources, and vector-borne. Prevalence of zoonotic diseases increases in a variety of geographical areas with along changes in humans’ demographic characteristics including international travel, susceptibility to infectious diseases, agricultural development and microbial attributes. These critical factors affect on the epidemiological aspect of infectious diseases directly and indirectly. Despite the use of various programs and adoption preventive measures, controlling of zoonotic diseases has still remained as the most important infectious agent in human's morbidity and mortality rates recorded around the worldwide. However, implemented control measures have shown effective results in decreased rates of many infections such as tuberculosis and brucellosis. Iran has shown a considerable geographical and socio-economic significance throughout a vast area. Because of a variety of climate and high rates transferring with poor public health countries, zoonotic diseases has been a serious public health problem in Iran. Hence, new measures need to tackle infectious agent's dissemination issues with research findings related to zoonotic diseases. This review article discusses the major bacterial and parasitic zoonotic diseases in Iran.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125287050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards coronavirus disease 2019 among Indian residents – an online cross-sectional survey 印度居民对2019冠状病毒病的知识、态度和做法——一项在线横断面调查

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000314

K. Manokaran, Saritha Kamath U., A. Varghese, R. N, Siddharth Kaushik, Shiek Fareeth Ahmed, R. Selvam, Prabu Paramasivam, A. M

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice towards coronavirus disease 2019 among Indian residents – an online cross-sectional survey","authors":"K. Manokaran, Saritha Kamath U., A. Varghese, R. N, Siddharth Kaushik, Shiek Fareeth Ahmed, R. Selvam, Prabu Paramasivam, A. M","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000314","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is posing challenge to the public health sector. The present study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards this COVID-19 among Indian population. Methods: The online cross-sectional survey for evaluating KAP towards COVID-19 was conducted (n = 2059) among Indian residents. Choropleth maps analysis was carried out to present the state-wise distribution, and Moran's I tool to assess KAP's overall spatial autocorrelation. Results: Our results demonstrated an average KAP score of 16.9 ± 2.0 (1.0, 22.0), 9.5 ± 2.0 (0.0, 12.0) and 4.0 ± (4.0, 4.0) (0.0, 5.0). The Moran's I tool for KAP's spatial autocorrelations observed as low as −0.04, −0.06, and 0.004. Conclusion: The interventional programs have to be encouraged for disease spread, and improving the public's practice for a better quality of life. Adherence to precautionary measures as per the standard guidelines is essential to prevent the spread of the disease, which might be subjective to the general population's knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"161 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126107859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Filamentous fungi that most frequently cause true fungaemia 最常引起真菌病的丝状真菌

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000309

R. Tomazin, T. Matos

引用次数: 0

Staphylococcus aureus: a bacterial candidate for multiple sclerosis incidence and progression 金黄色葡萄球菌:多发性硬化症发生和进展的候选细菌

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000321

Elham Sheykhsaran, A. Abbasi, H. B. Baghi, R. Ghotaslou, Yaghoub Sharifi, F. Sefidan, Delara Laghousi, H. Hosainzadegan, A. Hasani, J. Sadeghi

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus: a bacterial candidate for multiple sclerosis incidence and progression","authors":"Elham Sheykhsaran, A. Abbasi, H. B. Baghi, R. Ghotaslou, Yaghoub Sharifi, F. Sefidan, Delara Laghousi, H. Hosainzadegan, A. Hasani, J. Sadeghi","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000321","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) has nowadays developed in the human population, and according to the existing evidence, the main cause is not well understood. In addition to the genetic factors, scientists propose the infections like other autoimmune diseases as the strong environmental hypothesis. By the last decade, microorganisms were supposed neglected in autoimmune disorders. Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as an exacerbating agent in the development of MS. The various virulence factors enable this bacterium to cause complications from a mild skin infection to life-threatening meningitis and septicemia. Although there are not enough comprehensive studies about the role of microorganisms and MS, the reports reveal that microbial components presumably induce the auto reactions in the cells and antibody production. On the other hand, these interactions occur either in healthy individuals. Surveys also suggest no specific microorganism as the etiologic agent for MS, and other bacteria (Chlamydia pneumoniae), viruses (Herpesviridae and Retroviridae) are also involved. Until now, many investigations have been conducted to find out the MS triggering, progression, and other influencing factors, however, decoding the main contributor is not completely elucidated. The current review assesses the role of Staphylococcus aureus as the well known bacterial candidate in MS incidence.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132614265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-formation of Listeria monocytogenes in bulk raw milk in East Azerbaijan province, Iran 伊朗东阿塞拜疆省散装原料奶中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的流行、耐药性和生物膜形成

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000313

Mona Davarpanah, Abed Zahedi Bialvaei

{"title":"Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-formation of Listeria monocytogenes in bulk raw milk in East Azerbaijan province, Iran","authors":"Mona Davarpanah, Abed Zahedi Bialvaei","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000313","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm-forming ability of Listeria spp. in bulk raw milk in East-Azerbaijan province, Iran. Methods: A total of 192 bulk raw milk samples were collected from six distinct parts of East-Azerbaijan province. Selective enrichment and isolation were done by using United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) method, then isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Susceptibilities of isolates to different antibiotics were determined by using the disk diffusion assay. Two phenotypic methods were used for investigation of biofilm production: Congo red agar (CRA) and microtiter plate (MTP). Results: The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. were 11.97% and 0%, respectively. The highest prevalence rate was found in one of regions located in the center of province (30.43%) and northeast of province had the lowest prevalence rate (3.12%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, streptomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and rifampicin. Only one isolates had intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. There was the highest resistance to nalidixic acid (100%), followed by to ampicillin (17.39%), and penicillin (13.04%), and the lowest resistance to clindamycin (8.6%) was observed. Based on MTP, 91.30% of isolates were weak biofilm formers. Biofilm production of L. monocytogenes using CRA plates showed that 34.78% and 52.17% of isolates were positive and intermediate biofilm producers, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes is relatively high and there is a potential risk for consumers of raw and unpasteurized milk.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133830095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Nigeria 尼日利亚临床分离大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌blaCTX-M、blaTEM和blaSHV基因的检测

Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1097/MRM.0000000000000312

Chijioke A. Nsofor, Abasiodiong Moses, Chidera M. Onyeakazi, C. J. Okeke, M. Ikegbunam

{"title":"Detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Nigeria","authors":"Chijioke A. Nsofor, Abasiodiong Moses, Chidera M. Onyeakazi, C. J. Okeke, M. Ikegbunam","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000312","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a major problem in the clinical setting. As a part of an antimicrobial resistance surveillance program in southeast Nigeria; this study determined the rate of ESBL genes among clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae from major hospitals in Owerri southeast Nigeria. The microbiological culture-based method was used for the cultivation and identification of bacteria. The double-disk synergy test was used to phenotypically evaluate ESBL production while PCR confirmed the ESBL genes. A total of 433 samples were analyzed; 249 (57.5%) yielded bacteria growth comprising of consecutive 163 (65.5%) E. coli and 86 (34.5%) K. pneumoniae. The isolates were resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, with the highest rate observed in ceftazidime (90.8%) and lowest in imipenem (26.9%). There was no significant difference in the rate of resistance between E. coli and K. pneumoniae (P > 0.05). Phenotypically, ESBL was observed in 91 (36.5%) of the isolates while PCR detected three ESBL genes; blaCTX-M,blaTEM, and blaSHV. All isolates analyzed by PCR harbored at least one ESBL gene; with blaCTX-M being the most prevalent, (97.3%) followed by blaTEM (75.7%) and blaSHV (32.4%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in all isolates carrying the ESBL genes. These data, showing a high prevalence of ESBL genes will provide baseline information to the clinicians in the management of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the hospitals.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125288167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0