Mohammad Esmaeil Amini, Yalda Malekzadegan, R. Khashei, Fatemeh Bagheri, M. Halaji, Yeganeh Sadeghi Asl, H. S. Ebrahim-Saraie
{"title":"Microbiological characterization of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to the international epidemic clone ST258 in Asia: a systematic review","authors":"Mohammad Esmaeil Amini, Yalda Malekzadegan, R. Khashei, Fatemeh Bagheri, M. Halaji, Yeganeh Sadeghi Asl, H. S. Ebrahim-Saraie","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000304","url":null,"abstract":"Klebsiella pneumoniae infection because of international epidemic clone ST258 constitutes a major health threat because of limiting efficient therapies. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the microbiological profiles of circulating of K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae belonging to ST258 clone in Asia. A systematic search was prepared and reported through searching the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases to find all available articles that are pertinent to our design from January 2000 to December 2019. Afterward, 10 publications meeting the inclusion criteria were included for data extraction and analysis. The majority of included studies were from the eastern region including China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, and only one report from the western region was reported in Turkey. The earliest report was in 2010 from Korea and the late one in 2017 from China. All of those studies that performed a carbapenemase detection method indicated positive results. Except for one isolate, which containing blaKPC–3, all of the isolates harbor blaKPC–2. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin against ST258 isolates was estimated ranging from 0.094 to 4 μg/ml. The plasmid investigation showed a marked heterogeneity toward the studied isolates; however, IncFII type plasmids were the most prevalent plasmid. Our findings highlighted that despite the growing concern regarding the potential distribution of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae in Asia, strains belonged to the ST258 clone are not the main suspects. However, more clinical studies should be performed in the future to support our findings.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133752811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mohtadi, Abas Ghaysouri, A. Nazari, J. Feizi, H. Tavan
{"title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin and treatment in COVID-19 patients: case series","authors":"N. Mohtadi, Abas Ghaysouri, A. Nazari, J. Feizi, H. Tavan","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000298","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is one of the drugs used to treat COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of IVIG in the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Materials and methods: The patients received IVIG before being intubated. The patients’ symptoms, disease severity, clinical features, and chest computed tomography findings were compared between before and after the treatment. Results: Out of 62 patients who received IVIG, 35 patients (56.5%) were male, and 27 patients (43.5%) were female. Overall, 13 (21%) patients died, and 49 (79%) recovered and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: IVIG can be used as an effective drug to save patients’ lives before they enter the intubation phase.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125880702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Keikha, A. Sahebkar, T. Jamialahmadi, M. Karbalaei
{"title":"Metabolic syndromes, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus as three factors involved in the development of hepatic steatosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"M. Keikha, A. Sahebkar, T. Jamialahmadi, M. Karbalaei","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000303","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, the increase in prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with viral chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been alarming. The pattern of liver histological changes in patients with HBV and HCV infections resembles those of NAFLD, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Methods: Using global databases such as Scopus and PubMed, relevant studies were retrieved and those studies found to be eligible based on inclusion criteria were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: The results suggested an inverse association between HBV and HCV infections and hepatic steatosis risk, but not significant. The risk of hepatic steatosis in patients with concurrent chronic viral hepatitis is significantly associated performed with metabolic syndrome and biochemical parameters particularly body mass index > 25 kg/m2, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, viral hepatitis (viral load) has a protective role against the development of hepatic steatosis. Nevertheless, hepatic steatosis in patients infected with HBV and HCV was associated with metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132119943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pedreáñez, J. Mosquera-Sulbaran, Nelson E. Muñáz, Diego Tene, J. Robalino
{"title":"Vitamin D and immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in older adults: does it really work?","authors":"A. Pedreáñez, J. Mosquera-Sulbaran, Nelson E. Muñáz, Diego Tene, J. Robalino","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000307","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 was announced as a pandemic by the WHO on 11 February 2020. Since that time, challenges have arisen regarding the use of supplements to optimally support the immune system in the general population, and especially in older adults. The severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection varies significantly with age, being generally more severe in geriatric patients. There is evidence supporting the involvement of vitamin D in different processes related to the immune response. Some observational studies have related the decrease in vitamin D levels to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019, suggesting a protective role of vitamin D in this disease. In this narrative review, we analyze the possible role of vitamin D in modulating the immune mechanisms that are activated during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, with special emphasis on older adults.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An insight into multifunctional tool box: Akkermansia muciniphila provides dynamic benefits to the human gut","authors":"Kartikeya Tiwari","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000305","url":null,"abstract":"Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucin degrader that plays a major role in the human gut. Multiple studies have shown that the level of abundance of this organism in the human body is inversely related to diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. This organism has abilities to regulate the intestinal permeability, gut barrier and inflammatory responses in various metabolic disorders by activating various transcription factors and enhance the expression of receptors (TLRs, NLRs). Pangenome of A. muciniphila provides comprehensive detail and role of encoding genes in mitigation of metabolic dysbiosis. The present review discusses and summarizes the role of A. muciniphila in diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and other metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124366745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Rasooli, H. Saderi, Reza MohammadSalehi, M. Dadashi, P. Owlia
{"title":"Standardization of in-vitro methods for determination of antimicrobial properties of essential oils","authors":"I. Rasooli, H. Saderi, Reza MohammadSalehi, M. Dadashi, P. Owlia","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000296","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs) have been recognized as well tolerated substances with great commercial value that finds applications in traditional medicine. This study systematically reviews various methods published from 2016 to 2020 that were employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of essential oils. The main question was, ‘What are the most reliable in-vitro methods to determine MIC and MBC of EOs’? The reported outputs of the search terms for the colony-forming unit (CFU), MIC, MBC, and the zone of inhibition (ZOI) were used to assess the methods.121 studies reported ‘Antibacterial’, 90 ‘Antifungal’, 110 ‘Antimicrobial’, 71 ‘ZOI’, 17 ‘CFU’, and 35 ‘MIC and MBC’. Forty-seven studies were selected according to the criteria for analysis in this review. This review indicated that each study requires its appropriate method. The antimicrobial efficacy of herbal extracts or EOs was not comparable to those of the antibiotics. The use of standard microbial strains is essential when clinical strains are included in the research. Based on the contents and analysis of the published articles, it is clear that designing antimicrobial experiments using EOs would produce more reliable results than those of the extracts. Based on the literature review and our experience, we suggest parameters to consider while determining antimicrobial properties of essential oils.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134322585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika Alexandra Daza-Cardona, Jhon Buenhombre, R. Fontenelle, F. C. Barbosa
{"title":"mcr-mediated colistin resistance in South America, a One Health approach: a review","authors":"Erika Alexandra Daza-Cardona, Jhon Buenhombre, R. Fontenelle, F. C. Barbosa","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000293","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as one of the most important global human health problems in the 21st century. The balance between clinical need and resistance prevention is further compromised by agricultural antibiotic use as some countries have actively used colistin in animal production. Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms have been found in humans, food, animals, plants, and the environment (water, soil, and air), and they can move between ecosystems. The problem of antimicrobial resistance is currently seen in the concept: One Health. This approach encourages interdisciplinary collaborative efforts that work locally. The beginnings of the mcr gene's presence in America dates to 2012 and the first report of disseminating the mcr-1 gene was described for Kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) from Ushuaia, Argentina. It can be associated with the possible dissemination of the gene in the American continent through migratory birds. The mcr-1 gene is disseminated in countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela and the mcr-3 and mcr-9.1 gene in Brazil and mcr-5 in Colombia and Paraguay. Given this context, we present a literature review on disseminating the mcr gene and its variants in South America in a One Health approach.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125249799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guillain–Barre syndrome: a prevalent autoimmune disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic","authors":"M. Ahmadi, Z. Rezaei, F. A. Shirazi, M. Shafiei","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000301","url":null,"abstract":"Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), the most frequent cause of acute paralytic neuropathy, is an inflammatory polyneuropathy that is autoimmune in nature. Many infectious agents such as Campylobacter jejuni (the most commonly identified bacteria associated with GBS), cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, measles virus, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumonia, as well as enterovirus D68 and Zika virus and noninfectious agents such as vaccines and surgeries have been reported to trigger GBS. Three main variants of GBS include the classic acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), which is the most common presentation of GBS, Miller Fisher syndrome, and the recently defined axon loss variants (acute motor axonal neuropathy and acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy). One of the assumptions about the mechanisms of GBS is molecular mimicry, which is a process caused due to the structural resemblance between a microorganism and the host. The original concept of GBS is rooted in molecular mimicry defined as the similarity between the microorganisms’ peptide sequences or epitopes and ganglioside sequences or structures. Since the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak in January 2020 there have been cases of GBS reported. Our review aims at providing an overview of some case reports of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-related GBS.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133952675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A case report of a mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia ramosa in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia","authors":"Trabelsi Houaida, Neji Sourour, Hadrich Ines, Frikha Imen, Mdhaffar Moez, Khemakhem Nahed, Sellami Hayet, Makni Fattouma, El Elj Moez, Ayadi Ali","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000299","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis because of Lichtheimia ramosa is an unusual opportunistic fungal infection that can potentially be fatal in immunocompromised hosts. We present a fatal case of mucormycosis, affecting a 59-year-old woman with diabetes and acute myeloid leukemia. Palatal mucormycosis with sinonasal invasion was confirmed by mycological culture and histopathology. Exact species identification of Lichtheimia ramosa was performed by PCR-sequencing of ITS1-5.8S- ITS2 regions of the ribosomal genes. The patient was managed medically as surgical approach was not possible, and she unfortunately died. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Lichtheimia ramosa infection in Tunisia confirmed molecularly.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130833922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Najafi, L. Yousefi, Elham Zeinalzadeh, H. Kafil
{"title":"Current trends in colistin susceptibility testing methods in enteric Gram-negative bacilli and other non-fermentative pathogens","authors":"K. Najafi, L. Yousefi, Elham Zeinalzadeh, H. Kafil","doi":"10.1097/MRM.0000000000000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MRM.0000000000000297","url":null,"abstract":"Polymyxins, an age-old sort of cationic polypeptide antibiotic, are regarded as final-resort drugs in handling infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. An exact assessment of colistin susceptibility is crucial due to increasing colistin resistance and absence of other antibiotics in curing multidrug resistance pathogens. Both Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing have investigated colistin broth microdilution and offer particular recommendations, but this method has a challenging perform in routine daily practice. It is time consuming and requires ≥48 h. In this issue, several alternative rapid tests are developed such as ResaPolymyxin Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas NP. The sensitivity and specificity of 100% for the Rapid ResaPolymyxin Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas NP test to Enterobacterales have been reported. Colistin broth disk elution test and colistin agar test are another novel potential methods that were validated by the Clinical laboratory standard institutes subcommittee for colistin screening in the Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, recently, Rapid flow cytometry (FASTinov) method was introduced which requires only 2 h compared with conventional methods. This review will take a look at current trends on methods for colistin resistance measurements.","PeriodicalId":231643,"journal":{"name":"Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology","volume":"50 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126124947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}