Solar RRL最新文献

{"title":"Heuristic Rule of Thumb for Tandem Solar Cells and Perspectives for the Future","authors":"Martina Schmid","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photovoltaics has gained significant interest as renewable electricity source. For cost reduction, maximizing efficiency is paramount. Tandem solar cells, combining two absorbers with different band gaps, offer improved solar spectrum utilization. Hereby, a two-terminal configuration simplifies the layer structure but demands current matching. While the search for new, especially top absorber materials continues, we focus on fundamental tandem solar cell principles to emphasize key requirements. We analyze how top-cell transparency affects bottom-cell performance in stacked tandems. Imperfect transmission impacts the bottom cell, but in a current-matched device, even the top-cell efficiency. To match the bottom-cell performance, 50% top-cell transmission and 50% efficiency relative to the single bottom cell are required, but higher values to surpass it. Subgap transparency remains a critical challenge, underscoring the need for top-cell efficiencies approaching those of the bottom cell. To relax particularly current-matching constraints, concepts like luminescent coupling, wavelength-selective intermediate reflectors, or bifacial illumination may be considered. Operating under light concentration further enhances efficiency and better justifies tandem fabrication costs. Looking ahead, bifacial tandem concentrator cells, in a three-terminal configuration and combined with spectrum-splitting optics to reduce optical losses and improve adaptability to variable illumination, offer an innovative pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Transparent Conducting Oxide on the Performance of Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells for Indoor Applications","authors":"Patricia Sánchez-Fernández,&nbsp;Valid Mwalukuku,&nbsp;Marta Miró-Llorente,&nbsp;Renán Escalante,&nbsp;Pedro Vidal-Fuentes,&nbsp;Maxim Guc,&nbsp;Paul Pistor,&nbsp;Gerko Oskam,&nbsp;Clara A. Aranda,&nbsp;Juan A. Anta","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improving the performance of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSC) under artificial light sources and at low light intensities requires preserving the adequate electron transport properties in the sensitised photoanode that are characteristic of DSC operation at 1 sun. Besides, parasitic resistance and optical losses must be reduced. In this respect, the impact of the chemical and electrical properties of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) has somehow been overlooked. Considering the systematic reduction of the electron diffusion length as the low quasi-Fermi level regime is approached, subtle variations of the properties of the TiO₂ photoanode and its interaction with the TCO substrate can compromise optimal performance under indoor illumination. In this work, the performance of DSCs fabricated with commercial fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, as well as newly prepared ITO substrates of varying conductivity, has been analysed. Furthermore, a variation of the preparation conditions for the TiO₂-based photoanodes was conducted, with thermal treatments at two different annealing temperatures (450 and 550°C). Photovoltaic characterisation and analysis of the impedance response reveal a low conductivity of the substrate proves to be only adverse under 1 sun illumination, deteriorating the fill factor due to the series resistance voltage drop. In contrast, under low illumination intensity, all studied substrates show comparable performance, which can be attributed to the negligible voltage drop over the series resistance related to the significantly lower photocurrent. As a consequence, the conductivity of the TCO substrate is less critical when selecting a substrate for indoor applications. However, the choice of TCO affects the quality of TiO₂ photoanodes, leading to shorter diffusion lengths in some cases. Interestingly, the annealing temperature plays a critical role in homogenising the differences observed while also enhancing the diffusion length, ensuring efficient electron collection under low light conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Efficiency Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Flexibility","authors":"Hirotaka Shishido,&nbsp;Ryo Sato,&nbsp;Daisuke Ieki,&nbsp;Gakuto Matsuo,&nbsp;Kimihiko Saito,&nbsp;Makoto Konagai,&nbsp;Ryousuke Ishikawa","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are a novel class of solar cells that have recently attracted increasing attention due to their notable efficiency; however, they inherently suffer from loss of flexibility. Accordingly, in this study, we develop flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells by fabricating perovskite solar cells atop bendable thin-crystalline silicon solar cells. By reducing the thickness of the silicon substrate to approximately 60 µm, applying microtexturing to its surface, and incorporating a low-refractive index-doped layer, we produce a flexible silicon heterojunction solar cell with an efficiency exceeding 21%. Subsequently, by optimizing the self-assembled monolayer processing conditions on the microtextured surface and constructing an inverted perovskite solar cell on the flexible SHJ, we achieve 26.5% efficiency for the flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell. These findings could be valuable for the development of new, highly efficient, lightweight, and flexible solar cells, potentially accelerating their deployment in conditions where traditional silicon solar cells are impractical.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202400899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of an International Comparison of Indoor Photovoltaic Measurements Among Seven Metrological Institutes","authors":"Afsaneh Eghbali,&nbsp;Petri Kärhä,&nbsp;Erkki Ikonen,&nbsp;Ingo Kröger,&nbsp;Yean-San Long,&nbsp;Min-An Tsai,&nbsp;Karsten Bothe,&nbsp;David Hinken,&nbsp;Özcan Bazkir,&nbsp;Jimmy Dubard,&nbsp;Pierre Betis,&nbsp;George Koutsourakis,&nbsp;James Blakesley,&nbsp;Daniel E. Parsons,&nbsp;Stefan Winter","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400855","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents results of an intercomparison of indoor photovoltaics (PVs) among seven metrological institutes. Three types of solar cells were measured; organic and amorphous silicon cells representing current indoor products in the market and a reference solar cell. Three different light sources—AM1.5G, International Commission of Illumination Standard Illuminant A, and light-emitting diodes (LED) L41—were used at illuminance levels 100–2000 lx. Each laboratory reported short-circuit current as mandatory. Open-circuit voltage, maximum power, and differential spectral responsivity were reported where possible. Measurements revealed notable discrepancies. At the 1000 lx level, best agreement of 7% as standard deviation was achieved for the amorphous silicon cell using Standard Illuminant A. Similarly, the worst agreement of 37% was found for the reference cell using AM1.5G. Measurement methods varied across the laboratories. Some participants used lamps for Standard Illuminant A and LED L41. These measurements were generally in agreement but deviated from measurements with LED-based solar simulators, due to differences in measurement geometry, spectral properties, and treatment of infrared. Different illuminance measurement approaches, using either calibrated reference cells or luxmeters, further impacted consistency. This study highlights need for harmonized procedures to support reliable performance assessment of indoor PVs and gives recommendations to account for in standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Solar Hydrogen Production of Silicon Heterojunction Photocathode Via Constructing Solution-Processed Ni3S2/Cu/Ce(OH)3 Nanoarchitecture","authors":"Xiaoming Chen,&nbsp;Yuexiang Li","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting using photovoltaic cell is considered an ideal path for hydrogen production. However, its application is limited by the low efficiency of the photoelectrode surface. Herein, we successfully fabricated efficient composite hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts onto silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell via solution-processed methods under mild conditions. The fabricated nanoheterostructured HER catalysts consist of crystalline Ni₃S₂, Cu, and Ce(OH)₃, which display excellent HER performance due to the synergistic effect of the constituted components. As a result, the optimized photocathode achieves a high photocurrent of −37.8 mA cm⁻² at 0 V vs. Reversible hydrogen electrode and an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of 8.5 ± 0.1% under simulated AM 1.5G one-sun illumination and more than 120 h of continuous water splitting. This study offers novel insights into designing economical large-scale PEC devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Lead Iodide (Cs0.05PbI2.05) during Annealing and Its Influence on Perovskite Formation and Solar Cells","authors":"Tom Burgard,&nbsp;Heiko Plagwitz,&nbsp;Roland Clausing,&nbsp;Daniele T. Cuzzupè,&nbsp;Yenal Yalcinkaya,&nbsp;Robby Peibst,&nbsp;Lukas Schmidt-Mende,&nbsp;Giso Hahn,&nbsp;Barbara Terheiden","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400746","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the transformation of lead iodide (PbI₂) thin films including small amounts of cesium iodide (Cs_0.05PbI_2.05) during annealing. Furthermore, its impact on the formation of the perovskite thin film using a two-step method is investigated. A solution of PbI₂ and CsI is used for the spin-coating process, containing dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to benefit from retarded PbI₂ crystallization due to residual DMSO in the thin film, gradually evaporating during annealing. We show that the annealing conditions of the Cs_0.05PbI_2.05 thin film play a crucial role in determining the films’ crystallinity and density. A transition of the Cs_0.05PbI_2.05 films from an amorphous to an increasingly crystalline morphology is observed. The crystallization process starts with the formation of small, widely distributed crystallites at the surface. Upon further annealing, crystallinity increases, accompanied by a decrease in film thickness and weight due to effusion of DMSO molecules. The formed film structure has a strong impact on the surface morphology of the resulting perovskite thin film. It is shown that less crystalline Cs_0.05PbI_2.05 thin films allow for higher open-circuit voltages (<i>V</i>_oc) of the produced solar cells, while more crystalline Cs_0.05PbI_2.05 thin films lead to the smoothest perovskite surface but lower fill factor and <i>V</i>_oc.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202400746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Mitigating Delamination in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Modules”","authors":"Muzhi Li,&nbsp;Reinhold H. Dauskardt,&nbsp;Adam D. Printz,&nbsp;Nicholas Rolston","doi":"10.1002/solr.202400766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202400766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoluminescence Degradation in Metal Halide Perovskites: Is In-Situ Study with Concentrated Sunlight Possible?","authors":"Rafael Fleischman,&nbsp;Max Grischek,&nbsp;Jiahuan Zhang,&nbsp;Florian Scheler,&nbsp;Georgios E. Arnaoutakis,&nbsp;Mark Khenkin,&nbsp;Carolin Ulbrich,&nbsp;Steve Albrecht,&nbsp;Eugene A. Katz","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is a valuable tool fordegradation studies of perovskite-based photovoltaic materials. The wavelength-sensitive nature of the photo-induced processes implies a preference for sunlight as the photo-excitation source for such PL studies. This study reports on the design and experimental validation of a new setup for the in situ study of PL degradation in metal halide perovskites using concentrated natural sunlight in a wide range of solar concentrations and sample temperatures. The system allows the sample to be excited with the entire solar spectrum while successfully filtering undesired reflected sunlight using two orthogonal polarization filters. Depending on temperature and solar concentration, we observed three types of perovskite PL behavior: stable PL response, without degradation; reversible PL degradation with stable ultraviolet–visible light absorption; and nonreversible PL degradation accompanied with the variation of light absorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/solr.202500027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceeding 13% Power Conversion Efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Thin-Film Solar Cells with AgNWs/TiOx Composite Transparent Conductive Window Layer","authors":"Yongliang Lai,&nbsp;Bowen Liu,&nbsp;Dongdong Shen,&nbsp;Zhuoer Deng,&nbsp;Xinan Shi,&nbsp;Daocheng Pan","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indium tin oxide (ITO) is usually served as the transparent conductive electrode of Cu(In, Ga)(S, -Se)₂ (CIGSSe) solar cells. However, ITO is fabricated by sputtering method, which will increase the cost of CIGSSe solar cells and prevent its large-scale market applications in the future. Hence, it is particularly important to develop low-cost transparent conductive window layers to replace the traditional ITO. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are considered to be the most promising alternative to ITO. Compared with sputtered ITO, AgNWs have the advantages of high transmittance, low cost, and easy fabrication. Nevertheless, the poor adhesion and stability of AgNWs can prevent the transportation of carriers of CIGSSe solar cells. Here, we select amorphous TiO_<i>x</i> as an adjuvant to fabricate AgNWs/TiO_<i>x</i> composite transparent conductive layer to substitute the traditional ITO. Under the assistance of TiO_<i>x</i> matrix, not only the connection, adhesion, and stability of AgNWs are greatly enhanced, but also the surface roughness of AgNWs is also reduced. The influence of AgNWs concentration on the performance of CIGSSe solar cells is investigated. When the AgNWs concentration is 2.5 mg/mL, the transmittance and sheet resistance of AgNWs thin film are 93.35% and 93 Ω/sq, respectively, and the devices achieved the highest efficiency of 13.59%.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buried Interfacial Modification and Light Management for Self-Assembled Molecules–Based Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Junsheng Wu,&nbsp;Yonglei Han,&nbsp;Xinbo Ai,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Guicheng Yu,&nbsp;Yujun Liu,&nbsp;Ling Han,&nbsp;Qi Cao,&nbsp;Yuxuan Feng,&nbsp;Hanlin Hu,&nbsp;Yongfei Wang,&nbsp;Zhuo Zhao,&nbsp;He Yan,&nbsp;Haoran Lin","doi":"10.1002/solr.202500098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202500098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For self-assembled molecule (SAM)-based inverted perovskite solar cell, the buried interface (SAM/perovskite interface) significantly determines the overall efficiency and stability of the device, which requires meticulous modulation. In this work, a series of phthalimide derivatives (namely 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butan-1-ammonium iodide [DBAI], 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethan-1-ammonium iodide [DEAI], and 6-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)hexan-1-ammonium iodide [DHAI]) are developed as buried interfacial modification materials to improve the surface homogeneity, optimize perovskite morphology, and passivate defect sites. Among them, the DHAI with the longest alkyl chain outperforms the others, which is attributed to the steric and electronic effect of the molecular structure. Intriguingly, these interfacial modification materials can introduce ‘island-like’ morphology on the hole-selective layer, which significantly boosts the transmittance and perovskite absorption, resulting in substantially enhanced short-circuit density and power conversion efficiency of 24.71%. These findings reveal the structure–property–performance relationship of these materials and propose a novel strategy for light management at the buried interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":230,"journal":{"name":"Solar RRL","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}