Thermal Science and Engineering Progress最新文献

{"title":"Exergoeconomic optimization of solar absorption refrigerators","authors":"J.V.C. Vargas ,&nbsp;F.J.S. Silva ,&nbsp;M.D. Pereira ,&nbsp;L.S. Martins ,&nbsp;I.A. Severo ,&nbsp;C.H. Marques ,&nbsp;J.C. Ordonez ,&nbsp;A.B. Mariano ,&nbsp;J.A.R. Parise","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports the exergoeconomic optimization of a solar heat-driven refrigeration plant. The system’s first and second law efficiencies, as well as refrigeration exergetic cost, are the selected objective functions. A dimensionless mathematical model is developed for generality, and the methodology comprises: i) Energy analysis, ii) Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses, and iii) Optimization problem formulation. The optimization process involves i) selecting the optimal collector-to-hot-exchanger coupling temperature, ii) optimizing generator-to-evaporator size ratios, and iii) distributing total thermal conductance among system components. Initially, for a specified set of model parameters (collector-absorption refrigerator sizes ratio, collector stagnation temperature, and cold space temperature), the three-way optimized parameters set was found as (τ_H, β_H, β_L)3_wo = (1.35; 0.235; 0.25) to obtain maximum efficiencies and minimum refrigeration exergetic cost. For <em>B</em> = 0.1, the three-way optimized parameters result in a first-law efficiency (η_Ι) of 0.42 and a second-law efficiency (η_ΙΙ) of 0.28, with the refrigeration exergetic cost reducing by 56.5 % within the third optimization parameter tested range, highlighting the importance of operating with the three-way optimized configuration. It was also determined that the absorber and condenser heat exchangers should be allocated approximately 50 % of the total thermal conductance inventory to achieve optimal performance. A parametric analysis determined that the three-way optimized parameters set is nearly invariant (“robust”) concerning changes in model parameters, with the collector coupling temperature (τ_H) varying by less than 9 % across different system configurations. These findings provide a novel, simplified mathematical model for solar absorption refrigeration, offering practical insights for efficient system design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103478"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of integrated systems for biohydrogen and biomethane production: Effects of thermal parameters","authors":"Ahmet Faruk Kilicaslan,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dincer","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces two novel systems for simultaneous biohydrogen and biomethane production. System 1 is made up of a single chamber membraneless microbial electrolysis cell. System 2 combines a membraneless microbial electrolysis cell with an anaerobic digestion system to simultaneously produce biomethane and biohydrogen. Unlike conventional systems, these configurations eliminate membrane related challenges such as fouling, high costs, and internal resistance losses, thereby improving efficiency and scalability. Both systems operate at 1.0 V using some low-cost aluminum electrodes and utilize cow manure and poplar leaves, rarely explored biomass sources. System 1 investigates pH and temperature effects on biohydrogen production, while System 2 examines batch and continuous flow modes. The highest biohydrogen production occurred at pH 6 and 40°C, reaching 722 mg/L in 9 min, with a maximum hydrogen efficiency of 82.4%. Batch operation yielded 830.9 mL biohydrogen and 720 mL biomethane, increasing to 843.3 mL and 760 mL, respectively, in continuous mode, with 53% and 5% production enhancements. This study provides a pioneering framework for integrating membraneless microbial electrolysis cells and anaerobic digestion systems, demonstrating a cost-effective, scalable, and sustainable approach to biofuel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103475"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioning of synthesis gases from gasification for direct use in conventional burner systems","authors":"Christian Wondra,&nbsp;Moritz Hafner,&nbsp;Peter Treiber,&nbsp;Jürgen Karl","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates the potential of biogenic synthesis gases as a renewable alternative to natural gas for industrial process heat. The process chain integrates allothermal steam gasification using the Heatpipe Reformer, single-stage fixed-bed methanation, and direct combustion in a FLOX burner. Laboratory-scale experiments show that partial methanation increases the calorific value of the gas, doubling it, and reduces tar content to below 1 g/Nm³, facilitating cleaner gas utilization. FLOX burner tests with synthetic gas mixtures reveal that an increase in hydrogen content leads to higher NO_x emissions, whereas a higher steam content mitigates this effectOver a continuous 72-hour operation, the burner consistently performed with syngas, maintaining stable operation. Emission measurements confirm that the system complies with regulatory limits, identifying biomass nitrogen as the primary source of NO_x emissions. These results demonstrate that industrial heating processes can integrate biogenic synthesis gases without the need for an external hydrogen supply for gas conditioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103489"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the impact and pregnancy rate of intrauterine artificial insemination based on thermal radiation medical image inspection","authors":"Xuanping Lu ,&nbsp;Xiuqing Song ,&nbsp;Caiping Mao ,&nbsp;Weiqin Zhou ,&nbsp;Zaixiang Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study evaluated the changes of the intrauterine environment before and after IUI and explored the relationship between these changes and pregnancy rate. The study used a prospective cohort design and included infertility patients undergoing IUI. At specific time points before and after IUI treatment, high-precision thermal radiation imaging equipment was used to collect whole-body thermal radiation images of patients. During image acquisition, the patient is kept still to ensure image quality. The collected thermal radiation images will be analyzed by professional image processing software to extract key thermal radiation parameters, such as temperature distribution and thermal radiation intensity. These thermal radiation parameters were then correlated with patient clinical data (such as age, causes of infertility, treatment options, etc.) and pregnancy outcomes. The results showed significant changes in the distribution of thermal radiation in the uterine area after IUI treatment, and these changes were closely related to the pregnancy outcomes of the patients. Patients whose average temperature in the uterine area increased after treatment, and whose temperature distribution was more uniform, had a significantly higher pregnancy rate than other patients. Temperature changes in certain specific areas of the thermal radiation images, such as the area near the fallopian tube opening, were also found to have a significant correlation with pregnancy rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103485"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-fluidic characterization of a deployable pulsating heat pipe tested at different gravity levels","authors":"Roberta Perna ,&nbsp;Mauro Mameli ,&nbsp;Maksym Slobodeniuk ,&nbsp;Luca Pagliarini ,&nbsp;Cyril Romestant ,&nbsp;Vincent Ayel ,&nbsp;Fabio Bozzoli ,&nbsp;Sauro Filippeschi","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work describes the experimental investigation of a deployable Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) (i.e. the adiabatic section is shaped as a torsional spring) on ground and onboard a zero gravity aircraft to test its technological readiness level in microgravity/hypergravity conditions and to infer on the thermohydraulic effect of the 3D shape with respect to an equivalent standard PHP. For sake of comparison indeed, a planar horizontal PHP having the same length of the adiabatic section is developed as a reference case. The deployable PHP at 180-deg (i.e. unfolded configuration, evaporator and condenser on the same horizontal plane), is tested for two different coil orientations, up and down respectively, and compared to the planar one. The thermal resistances of the first (180-up) and the planar one in horizontal position are equivalent, while the second (180-down) reaches the highest thermal resistance. Weightlessness allows to suppress the gravitational force intrinsically present in a 3D shaped PHP when tested on ground, and thus enable operation even in the worst tested position (180-down). Therefore, the deployable PHP, filled with HFE7000 at 70 % filling ratio, is tested for three different opening configurations, namely, 0°, 90° and 180° down deploying angles, three different heat loads (14, 24, 34 W), under different gravity conditions (parabolic flight campaign). In normal gravity condition, the maximum temperature reached at the evaporator section was slightly affected by the mutual position of the evaporator and condenser (0–90-180 deg). Instead, the gravity field continuous variation (normal-hyper-micro) during each parabola enhances fluid oscillations, ensuring slug-plug flow at low heat input (14 W), for all configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal energy consumption simulation and optical imaging technology in sports training body state simulation: Thermal energy consumption during exercise","authors":"Liu Ben,&nbsp;Feng Junkai","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In modern sports training, the athlete’s heat energy consumption in training and competition is directly related to the athlete’s physical management and competitive state. Traditional methods of evaluating thermal energy consumption often rely on subjective self-report or indirect measurement of physiological indicators, which have certain limitations. In this study, by collecting physiological data of athletes under different exercise intensities and combining kinematic parameters, the heat energy consumption model was built. The motion images of athletes are captured by high resolution camera and infrared thermal imager, and the distribution and change of athletes’ body temperature are analyzed by image processing technology, so as to evaluate the heat energy consumption. Heat consumption simulation data and optical imaging data are fused to improve the accuracy and reliability of heat consumption evaluation. In the laboratory environment, different sports and athletes at different levels were tested, heat consumption simulation and optical imaging data were collected, and compared with traditional evaluation methods. Through a series of experiments and data analysis, this study successfully constructed a system that can accurately simulate the heat energy consumption of athletes during exercise. The experimental results show that the system has high accuracy and reliability in evaluating athletes’ energy consumption. The optical imaging technology can clearly show the change of the athletes’ body temperature distribution, and the heat energy consumption simulation technology can provide detailed heat energy consumption data. The application of data fusion technology further improves the accuracy of the evaluation results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103481"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical study of an auto-cascade high-temperature heat pump using vapor injection and parallel compression techniques for steam generation","authors":"Chunyu Feng,&nbsp;Cong Guo,&nbsp;Junbin Chen,&nbsp;Sicong Tan,&nbsp;Yuyan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing high-temperature heat pump (HTHP) technology to recycle waste heat for steam generation is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. To enhance the thermodynamic performance of steam generation, vapor injection, and parallel compression techniques were incorporated into an auto-cascade HTHP system. Additionally, dual-stage condensation enabled the simultaneous production of two sets of steam at different temperature levels. Through Python-based models, a comparison of various low-GWP zeotropic mixtures was conducted. The improved auto-cascade cycle exhibited a COP increase of 18.17%-37.4% compared to the basic cycle and 6.3%-21.2% compared to the basic auto-cascade cycle. The two-stage condensation technology enhanced the temperature-matching capabilities of the condensers. Among the zeotropic mixtures, R1234ze(E)&amp;R1336mzz(Z) exhibited the highest thermodynamic effectiveness. The heat transfer degradation of zeotropic mixtures led to a more than 15% increase in the condenser heat transfer area compared to pure refrigerants. Parametric analysis indicated that adjusting key design parameters, such as evaporator outlet superheat and cascade heat exchanger outlet pinch temperature difference, can achieve economical operation while maintaining optimal thermodynamic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance assessment of a geothermal- and LNG-driven zero-carbon multi-generation system for production of potable water, green hydrogen, and utilities","authors":"M. Shamsi ,&nbsp;S. Mousavian ,&nbsp;S. Rooeentan ,&nbsp;B. Karami ,&nbsp;S. Moghaddas ,&nbsp;A. Afshardoost","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the limited availability of fossil fuel resources, humanity must explore alternative energy solutions. Geothermal energy stands out as a promising, clean, and reliable option. This study proposes a novel configuration of an eco-efficient, geothermal energy-based multi-generation system capable of producing power, hydrogen, oxygen, potable water, as well as hot and chilled water. The system integrates a combined flash-binary geothermal subsystem, a water electrolysis, a multi-effect desalination unit, and an LNG regasification unit. The design and simulation of the system were conducted using Aspen HYSYS software, yielding outputs of 520.8 kg/h of green hydrogen, 770,968.4 kg/h of chilled water, 511,867 kg/h of hot water, 8,581 kW of power, 4,133.4 kg/h of oxygen, 19,630.27 kg/h of potable water, and 216000 kg/h of natural gas. The proposed system underwent thermoeconomic, thermodynamic, and environmental analyses. The energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the system were determined as 34.87 % and 70.9 %, respectively, while the TUCP and LCOE were determined to be 5.816 $/GJ and 0.2564 $/kWh, respectively. Environmental analyses demonstrated the system’s capability to save approximately 13.729 Mm³/year of fuel and reduce CO₂ emissions by 58,280 t/year, underscoring its significant environmental benefits. Additionally, a parametric study was conducted to evaluate the system’s performance metrics based on key decision variables. The findings demonstrate that augmenting the geofluid flow rate and temperature, LNG flow pressure, turbine T-102 outlet pressure, and turbine T-101 inlet temperature enhances net power output, while also improving the system’s economic and environmental performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103396"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of magnetic field effect on transient Fe3O4 ferrofluid pool boiling at saturated conditions","authors":"Ahmadreza Ayoobi ,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Faghih Khorasani","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet the demand for coolants with higher heat transfer coefficients, a new fluid known as nanofluid was developed. As research progressed, various nanoparticles were incorporated into nanofluids to enhance their thermophysical and heat transfer properties. Among these, ferrofluids were created by adding ferromagnetic nanoparticles to a base fluid. Due to the unique properties of ferrofluids, one research focus is the impact of magnetic fields on their thermal and heat transfer characteristics. Additionally, transient pool boiling—an essential condition with industrial relevance—has been less studied. This research explores both the effects of magnetic fields and the transient nature of pool boiling. This study compares the outcomes of transient Fe3O4 ferrofluid pool boiling under magnetic field presence and absence conditions. Two circuits were designed and built to test periods of 1, 5, 10, 100, 1000, and 5000 s by controlling the heat flux input to a wire heater. Fe3O4 ferrofluid, a working fluid created using a two-step process, had a volume concentration of 0.01 %. The effect of a magnetic field on transient ferrofluid pool boiling characteristics was studied with two permanent magnets made of ceramic materials. The wire superheat temperatures in the presence of the magnetic field dropped by 1.13, 1.05, and 1.27 times, respectively, throughout periods of 1 s, 100 s, and 5000 s. When compared with situations in which a magnetic field wasn’t there, the existence of a magnetic field showed higher heat transfer coefficient. Nanoparticle deposition was accelerated by a magnetic field and settled with particular behaviour at the wire’s surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103476"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The secondary deterioration phenomenon of heat transfer performance of supercritical CO2 in horizontal tube under different gravity conditions","authors":"Ping Yuan ,&nbsp;Hua Tian ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xuanang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanxun Ding ,&nbsp;Zhi Ling ,&nbsp;Gequn Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical CO₂ (SCO₂) is a promising aerospace coolant. However, spacecraft often operate under abnormal gravity. Quantifying SCO₂ heat transfer characteristics under different gravity is crucial for enhancing aviation thermal control system precision and stability. Therefore, this study employs simulation methods to explore the influence mechanisms of gravity on the heat transfer performance in macrochannel and microchannel. Furthermore, an evaluation system is constructed to quantify the degree (<em>P_up</em>) and range (<em>D</em>) of localized heat transfer deterioration caused by gravity. Finally, the variations in evaluation factors under different gravity (<em>G</em>) and operational conditions are investigated. The results show that in both channels, near-wall high-temperature SCO₂ gas flows upward under gravity, forming blocking film near the top baseline. This self-circulation phenomenon deteriorates the heat transfer performance near the top baseline, while enhancing it along the rest of the channel wall. For the macrochannel, as the fluid advances, localized reverse-circulation occurs near the top baseline, further worsening heat transfer in this region, defined as the secondary deterioration phenomenon. However, in microchannel, the top and bottom baselines heat transfer gradually converges, and no secondary deterioration is observed. As <em>G</em> increases, <em>P_up</em> increases, <em>D</em> first decreases and then increases. The novelty of this work is the construction of the evaluation system and the comprehensive assessment of the SCO₂ heat transfer characteristics in horizontal tubes under anomalous gravity. The paper provides scientific basis for designing aerospace thermal control system. Additionally, it offers reference for heat transfer characteristics of other supercritical fluids in horizontal tubes under abnormal gravity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 103472"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}