Thermal Science and Engineering Progress最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study on mechanical and damage model of red sandstone subjected to high-temperature cooling impact cycling","authors":"Haopeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Yin ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Fengrui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties of high-temperature rocks after cooling under different methods directly impact the safety of deep geotechnical engineering construction. Using red sandstone as the research subject, uniaxial compression tests and cyclic dynamic impact tests were conducted on specimens subjected to cyclic natural cooling and water quenching at 600 °C. The variations in the mechanical properties of red sandstone were comparatively analyzed. A statistical damage constitutive model for red sandstone was established by introducing load-induced damage variables and thermal-cyclic cooling damage variables, with the corresponding parameter expressions determined. The applicability and rationality of the constitutive model were verified. The results indicate that in uniaxial compression tests, as the number of thermal cycles increases, microcracks inside the red sandstone propagate and coalesce to form macroscopic fractures, leading to a decline in specimen mass and longitudinal wave velocity. The elastic deformation stage in the static stress–strain curve gradually shortens, accompanied by a pronounced unstable failure stage. The cooling method significantly influences the deterioration rate of rock strength but has no evident effect on the final static compressive strength of red sandstone. Under a 0.30 MPa impact pressure, as the number of impacts increases, the dynamic compressive strength of naturally cooled red sandstone first increases and then decreases. The first impact can enhance the compressive strength of naturally cooled red sandstone, but when the number of thermal cycles exceeds 15, the anti-impact resistance of red sandstone begins to decline. The dynamic damage constitutive model based on the Logistic distribution exhibits good consistency with the experimental curves, and the model parameters are easily obtainable with clear physical significance, demonstrating certain applicability. The research findings can provide a reference for rock mass construction, restoration, and surrounding rock stability analysis in variable-temperature environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the steady-state performance and condensation phase change flow of steam hydrostatic dry gas seals","authors":"Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinbo Jiang ,&nbsp;Jian Peng ,&nbsp;Jing Zheng ,&nbsp;Xianzhi Hong ,&nbsp;Daquan Tang ,&nbsp;Xudong Peng ,&nbsp;Hong Yu ,&nbsp;Duo Xu ,&nbsp;Zhongrong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Eulerian-Eulerian method and the theory of vapor condensation are employed to develop a wet vapor model that considers the non-equilibrium phase transition of water vapor. The phase change condensation behavior of steam in the cross-scale microchannel of a hydrostatic dry gas seal (DGS) and the steady-state performance of the seal are investigated. The effects of key working conditions and structural parameters on performance are examined, and the direction for further research and development of the seal is discussed. The results show that the vapor phase transition behavior in the DGS microchannel is influenced by a combination of inlet vapor superheat, end gap, and throttle orifice size. Larger gaps and reduced inlet steam superheat are prone to phase change condensation. When the gap is large, the steam at the throttle hole throat undergoes over-throttling expansion, producing supersonic flow and localized droplet condensation, which has minimal impact on the steady-state performance of the seal. When the steam superheat is low, the condensation gap is wider, and the phase transition extends to the seal end face to form film-like condensation. This breaks the continuity of the air film on the ring end face, producing a local high-temperature zone that results in seal failure. To ensure stable steam flow in microchannels while preventing condensation, effective measures include raising the inlet temperature, implementing insulation, reducing sealing gaps, and optimizing throttle hole design. When the steam inlet pressure is 0.4 kPa and wall heat transfer is neglected, maintaining an end face gap below 16 μm with steam superheat exceeding 13 K can effectively minimize steam phase change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103931"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on air temperature and soil hydrothermal distribution patterns in shallow-buried metro tunnels in cold regions","authors":"Ye Wang ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Li ,&nbsp;Yongquan Li ,&nbsp;Haoxuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a critical infrastructure of urban rail transit, the thermal environment of subway tunnels significantly impacts passenger comfort, energy efficiency, and operational safety. This study focuses on a shallow-buried subway tunnel in a cold region in northwest China, establishing a tunnel air temperature prediction model and formulating equations for soil hydrothermal transfer. The research reveals the tunnel air temperature and surrounding soil hydrothermal patterns in the tunnel during typical winter and summer days, over the course of the year, and in the long term under the influence of vertical seepage. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of various factors on the thermal environment of the tunnel. The findings indicate that the tunnel air temperature exhibits periodic fluctuations in sync with outdoor temperatures, albeit with a noticeable lag. During summer, the tunnel air temperature is higher than the wall surface temperature, with significant daily fluctuations, while the opposite phenomenon occurs in winter. During the operation of the subway system, the average temperature inside the tunnel gradually increases over time. By the 10th year of operation, the annual average air temperature in the tunnel rises from 16.51 ℃ to 17.79 ℃, eventually reaching a stable state. Seepage has a significant impact on the thermal environment of the tunnel, followed by train frequency, while the effects of soil thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity are relatively minor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon negative pyrolysis system for the valorization of agricultural waste into syngas","authors":"Jung-Hun Kim ,&nbsp;Taewoo Lee ,&nbsp;Doyeon Lee ,&nbsp;Wei-Hsin Chen ,&nbsp;Eilhann E. Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High cost of biofuel production remains a major barrier to replacing fossil fuels, largely because of the low energy density of feedstocks. The utilization of non-edible biomass waste is a viable strategy for cost-effective biofuel production. Here, we explored the pyrolysis of walnut husk (WH) as a model non-edible biomass, employing CO₂ as a reactive gas to enhance sustainability and economic feasibility. Under CO₂-rich atmospheres, single-phase reactions involving CO₂ and volatiles released from WH resulted in distinct syngas (H₂ and CO) production trends compared to N₂ atmospheres. The introduction of a Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst further amplified these effects, increasing CO production by 162.6% relative to the reference case. Notably, the CO₂-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of WH has been shown to generate sufficient energy to sustain the walnut industry while sequestering CO₂ at levels that could offset its emissions. Given the CO₂ consumption during the process, the resulting H₂ and CO can be classified as carbon-negative syngas, highlighting the potential of WH as a renewable feedstock in a circular bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on thermal performance of multilayer intermittent PCM-based microchannel heat sinks","authors":"De-Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Lai-Shun Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel multilayer intermittent phase change material (PCM)-based composite microchannel structure to numerically investigate its heat transfer characteristics during unsteady thermal pulse processes. Compared with traditional pure microchannel heat sinks, the composite microchannel system integrates the high thermal efficiency of microchannels with the isothermal thermal regulation capability of PCM. The finite volume method is employed to discretize both the active heat transfer process and the latent heat storage and release associated with phase change. Particular attention is given to the influence of PCM phase change temperature, heat flux density, and multilayer PCM distribution patterns on the thermal performance. The results show that the introduction of PCM can reduce the peak temperature of the system by 16.9 K during thermal shock compared to conventional pure microchannel heat sinks. Furthermore, when a double-layer intermittent PCM configuration is adopted, the maximum temperature can be further reduced by approximately 10 %. In addition, the separated double-layer intermittent PCM structure enhances the system’s heat transfer performance more significantly, reducing thermal resistance by approximately 2.5 %–4.8 % compared to the contact-type double-layer configuration. There exists an optimal number of intermittent PCM layers that maximizes the thermal performance of the composite system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103924"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated thermal and techno-economic analysis of waste heat recovery from sinter cooling in the iron-steel industry utilizing real data","authors":"Beytullah Erdoğan ,&nbsp;H. İbrahim Topal ,&nbsp;N. Özgür Aydın ,&nbsp;Kubilay Bayramoğlu ,&nbsp;İbrahim Zengin ,&nbsp;Şeyma Ulukaya","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to demonstrate the thermal, economic, and environmental feasibility of steam production through the recovery of waste heat released into the atmosphere after the sintering process in the iron and steel industry. Specifically, experimental measurements were conducted in the sinter cooling system of Kardemir Inc. using both fixed and mobile temperature sensors, with thermal camera support to enhance the accuracy of the temperature data. The sinter cooling system was divided into three different regions, and experimental findings were obtained accordingly. The maximum average temperature value was recorded in Region I as 219.4 °C, which was taken as a reference for thermodynamic and economic analysis. In the modeling, a waste heat temperature range of 200–260 °C and steam pressures of 5, 7, and 9 bar were considered. According to the results, it was found that as the waste heat source temperature increases, the thermal energy potential also increases; however, an increase in steam pressure raises the saturation temperature, thereby reducing the amount of recoverable energy from the system. The maximum steam production was determined to be 7.55 tons per hour at a waste heat temperature of 260 °C and a steam pressure of 5 bar. The economic analysis showed that the total capital investment increased from $3.30 million to $4.72 million when the waste heat temperature rose from 200 °C to 260 °C. Moreover, the payback period compared to an electric steam generator decreased from 1.69 years to 0.94 years. It was concluded that the Heat Recovery Steam Generators-based (HRSG) waste heat recovery system provides an environmentally sustainable and economically viable solution for industrial steam production. Furthermore, the implementation of the system could potentially reduce CO₂ emissions by up to 58.26 tons per day.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103923"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative thermal optimization of hollow clay bricks with PCM integration for sustainable building solutions","authors":"Zahra Assala Zehouani,&nbsp;Taieb Nehari,&nbsp;Abdelhamid Bounif,&nbsp;Mohammed Hadjadj","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy consumption in buildings, spanning commercial, industrial, and utility sectors varies due to changes in demand and external environment conditions. Phase change material-based thermal energy storage systems effectively address these fluctuations by storing and releasing energy as needed. In this study, the thermal performance enhancement of bricks through the integration of phase change materials is investigated. A novel approach is proposed, involving the integration of two different types of PCMs into the hollow brick in a double-layer configuration under Bechar’s hot climate conditions. A dynamic heat transfer model with phase-change was developed and validated using ANSYS Fluent. Comparative analysis with single-PCM layer and air-filled bricks revealed the superior performance of the new double-PCM layer brick in enhancing building energy efficiency and thermal comfort. Results indicated that integrating n-Eicosane and RT-27 in a double-PCM layer configuration resulted in the lowest maximum inner temperature of 4.5 °C, a decrease in peak indoor heat flux by 33.02 %, a decrement factor of 0.62614 and a time lag of 3.5 h. Further investigations into the effects of the PCM layers thicknesses and positions indicated that arranging the PCM with a higher melting temperature as the exterior layer and the PCM with a lower melting temperature as the interior layer, with equally thick layers, presented the optimum configuration for the double-PCM layer brick. These findings offer insights into the potential of double-PCM layer bricks for improving energy efficiency and thermal regulation in buildings exposed to hot climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103921"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing heat transfer performance of cold plates via Tesla channel design","authors":"Tian Tian ,&nbsp;Jianxun Huang ,&nbsp;Changyu Li ,&nbsp;Jiedong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient battery thermal management systems are essential for ensuring the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries under high-power operating conditions. In this study, a novel cold plate incorporating a Tesla-channel design is proposed. Based on a 3C discharge experiment, a multi-physics coupled model was established in Fluent to simulate the conjugate heat transfer and coolant flow inside the cold plate. Simulation results for a single battery show that, compared to direct channels with equal inlet area and equal volume, the Tesla-channel cold plate reduces the maximum temperature by 2.65 ℃ and 1.78 ℃, respectively, and improves temperature uniformity by 30.92 % and 36.4 %. For the battery module, temperature uniformity is enhanced by 31.03 % and 33.26 %, with further improvement observed at higher coolant flow rates. Among the three tested flow arrangements (Syntropic, Cross-1, Cross-2), the Cross-2 layout demonstrated the most effective cooling performance, maintaining <em>ΔT_max</em> below 4 ℃ while achieving the highest cooling efficiency and lowest entropy generation. These results highlight the Tesla-channel design as a promising passive solution for compact, high-power battery modules in electric vehicles and energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103920"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermomechanical optimization of primary cooling systems in the continuous steel slab casting process","authors":"Ali Pourfathi","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objectives are determining the mold’s optimal technical parameters to avoid breakout, finding the air gap’s thermal distributions and heat transfer coefficient, and demonstrating the modes and distribution of stresses that the solid shell bears. For this purpose, a new methodology is proposed, which solves two optimization problems individually and respectively. The first optimization problem aims to find the optimal distributions of the air gap’s heat transfer coefficient and temperature to produce a sound solidified shell at the mold exit. In this regard, constraints such as breakout(at least %10 of the whole slab thickness at the mold exit) and temperature-dependent critical tensile strength (CTS) are imposed on the objective function constructed based on the solidified shell’s elastic strain and thermal energies. The distributions of the air gap’s heat transfer coefficient and temperature are employed in the second optimization problem. The aim of the second optimization problem is to determine the mold’s working parameters, such as the cooling water inlet and outlet temperatures and the water flow rate inside the mold’s channels, through a thermal optimum design strategy. The objective function is based on the minimum thermal resistances of the mold’s wall and air gap. The thermophysical proprieties are calculated directly with respect to temperature using computational thermodynamics software packages for the first optimization problem. Furthermore, both problems are solved numerically using a finite elements method and a projected steepest descent algorithm. The success of this methodology is examined using an experimental test for the continuous casting of a commercial low-carbon steel grade. Using the CTS and the numerical thermal distribution obtained from the solid shell, the maximum values of stresses that the shell bears along the thickness, casting, width, and Von-mises equal to 0.07MPa, 0.18MPa, 0.09MPa, and 0.095MPa, each of which is far less than their corresponding CTSs (between 2.7MPa to 10.31MPa). In addition, the calculated mold’s parameters, including 0.1<span><math><mfrac><mrow><msup><mrow><mtext>m</mtext></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mtext>s</mtext></mrow></mfrac></math></span> the water flow rate and 12 °C inlet-outlet temperature difference of water, indicate mold’s maximum cooling capability to prevent breakout. The computed and measured temperatures of the mold’s narrow face are compared, and their relative errors have been about 1.1%, 0.6%, 2.35%, 1.1%, 2.3%, 2.1%, 2.5%. The average is 2%, which is small enough to confirm the admissibility of the proposed methodology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103890"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal hydraulic performance evaluation of an additively manufactured minichannel heat exchanger using a combined experimental and multivariate regression model-based approach","authors":"Vishwjeet Choudhary ,&nbsp;Aneesh A.M. ,&nbsp;Atul Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the thermal–hydraulic performance of an additively manufactured heat exchanger (AMHE) operating in a nitrogen-nitrogen counter flow open loop. The AMHE, consisting of ten semicircular mini channels with diverging inlets and converging outlet headers for both hot and cold fluids, was 3D printed using the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technique with AlSi10Mg. The rough surface of its internal channels is characterized by using a cut sample with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images and a surface profilometer. An open-loop experimental test facility was developed to evaluate AMHE performance. Experiments are conducted by varying balanced mass flow rates (1.11 to 4.44 kg/h) and hot inlet temperatures (324.9 to 353.0 K). Balanced mass flow rate, temperature, and pressure measurements were recorded at steady state, and heat transfer rates and channel pressure drops were calculated. AMHE achieved a maximum power density of about 125.4 kW/m³ at a low log mean temperature difference (LMTD) of 6.5  K in a counter-flow arrangement. The experimental results were compared with standard ∊-NTU correlations available in the literature and showed agreement within 1 %. We noted that the effectiveness and entropy generation increase, and axial conduction decreases with an<!--> <!-->increase in balanced flow rates. A multivariable regression model was developed to predict the experimentally obtained heat transfer rate and pressure drops within a 2 % error limit and used to predict the effect of various operating conditions. Parametric results showed that increasing the balanced flow rate and hot inlet temperature enhanced the heat transfer rate by a factor of about 5, with the corresponding pressure drop rising by up to a factor of 10. This novel combined experimental and multivariable regression approach provides practical predictive correlations for gas-to-gas mini-channel heat exchangers, compensates for input variations, and enables reliable performance estimation under varied operating conditions, offering a valuable contribution for future design and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 103918"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}