Thermal Science and Engineering Progress最新文献

Reducing costs in solar heat: A comparative study of rotatory Fresnel and parabolic trough systems

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103526

Magdalena Barnetche, Rubén Abbas, Luis F. González-Portillo

引用次数: 0

Thermal behavior of transient EMHD flow in a rotating microscale conduit with surface undulation

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103521

Amalendu Rana

{"title":"Thermal behavior of transient EMHD flow in a rotating microscale conduit with surface undulation","authors":"Amalendu Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microchannels with undulating surfaces are instrumental in boosting mixing efficiency, augmenting thermal performance, and enhancing chemical reactions within electrically actuated microfluidic systems. The rotation of microchannel with surface undulation further amplifies this enhancement. Owing to this motivation, the combined effects of the magnetohydrodynamics and surface undulation on transient rotating electrothermal flow in microchannels are investigated. A mathematical model is developed, followed by the derivation of analytical solutions using the separation of variables method combined with cosine Fourier series expansion. Our results indicated that the interplay between the undulation of the surface and rotation significantly influences the boundary layer formation for shaping the flow dynamics. Over time, viscosity and force redistribution lead to a more stable flow with diminished disturbances near the central axis of the channel. Rotation and other forces directly influence the heat transfer characteristics, leading to flow oscillations. These oscillations boost mixing and enhance efficient thermal energy transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103521"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance investigation of geothermal driven organic Rankine cycles with zeotropic mixtures and partial evaporation

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103539

Dimitra Gonidaki, Evangelos Bellos

{"title":"Performance investigation of geothermal driven organic Rankine cycles with zeotropic mixtures and partial evaporation","authors":"Dimitra Gonidaki, Evangelos Bellos","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal heat is a promising option for renewable energy generation, and the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) effectively converts this heat into electricity. Current research focuses on replacing high-GWP (Global Warming Potential) working fluids with more environmentally friendly alternatives and incorporating strategies to enhance efficiency. Building on these goals, this study examines low-GWP hydrocarbon working fluids and their binary zeotropic mixtures under partial evaporation. Using a validated MATLAB code integrated with the CoolProp tool, six working fluids—hexane, pentane, isopentane, butane, isobutene, and propane—were simulated, and their vapor quality was optimized for different source temperatures. Subsequently, binary zeotropic mixtures composed of these fluids were optimized for mixture composition and vapor quality, and the resulting systems were compared. The final results identify the optimal pure fluid and mixture option for each examined geothermal source temperature, serving as a performance map for geothermal ORC applications. The results showed that incorporating zeotropic mixtures as working fluids enhances system efficiency across all examined source temperatures compared to optimized pure fluids, with an increase reaching 40 % at low source temperatures. The economic evaluation indicated a decrease in the payback period and an increase in NPV for systems using zeotropic mixtures compared to pure fluids; the respective values ranged from 2.2 to 10 years and 47.1 k€ to 3,292.4 k€. Overall, geothermal ORC with zeotropic mixtures was found to outperform pure fluids in both thermodynamic and economic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103539"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal management of refrigerant direct cooling and mass flow control strategies for multiple discrete heat sources system

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103546

Meiyan Xiong, Zhenwei Liu, Kun Liu, Yaodong Ding, Ping Li

{"title":"Thermal management of refrigerant direct cooling and mass flow control strategies for multiple discrete heat sources system","authors":"Meiyan Xiong, Zhenwei Liu, Kun Liu, Yaodong Ding, Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Challenges for controlling heat dissipation and temperature uniformity are presented by variations of heat source conditions in the power battery thermal management system. The efficiency of cooling systems can be enhanced by investigating the impact of heat source side variations on direct cooling performance for configurations with multi-point discrete heat sources. This study examines the effects of baseline heat sources arrangement, hotspot heat sources location and flow direction configuration on the direct cooling effect. The findings reveal that the influence of heat source arrangement on the direct cooling effect is similar under the same total heat generation, while the overall suitable operating mass flow rate interval range is lengthened with the increment of total heat generation. Furthermore, as the hotspot heat sources from outlet to inlet, the suitable operating mass flow rate interval of system changes from 0.164–0.207 g·s<sup>−1</sup> to a broader range of 0.119–0.334 g·s<sup>−1</sup>, with a maximum reduced working heat source temperature difference of 2.87 K, and the temperature uniformity of heat sources is improved. Then, the suitable operating mass flow rate interval can be extended to 3.63 times by optimizing the flow direction. The investigation on direct cooling obtained the optimal mass flow rate interval and the temperature uniformity for different heat source arrangements and hotspot heat source positions, which can be optimized by counter-flow distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of injection strategies and EGR on combustion characteristics of GDI Atkinson cycle engine 喷射策略和 EGR 对 GDI 阿特金森循环发动机燃烧特性的影响

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103544

Tingpu He , Jianqin Fu , Yaorui Shen , Boquan Qin , Changhe Wei

{"title":"Effect of injection strategies and EGR on combustion characteristics of GDI Atkinson cycle engine","authors":"Tingpu He , Jianqin Fu , Yaorui Shen , Boquan Qin , Changhe Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sweeping tests for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates and different injection strategies (injection ratio and injection timing) were conducted on a gasoline direct injection (GDI) Atkinson cycle engine (ACE). The influences of above factors on thermodynamic, combustion and emission features of ACE were investigated. The results showed that larger EGR rate may not obtain better performance and the optimal condition occurs at the EGR rate of 7 %. At the EGR rate of 0 % and 7 %, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is respectively decreased by 4.18 g/(kW·h) and 3.64 g/(kW·h) by replacing single injection with double injection. As the second injection ratio (SIR) increases, the ignition delay is inevitably prolonged and heat release process is slowed down, leading both NOx and HC to decline but CO to ascend. The effect of second injection timing (SIT) on operating parameters enlarges significantly at the larger SIR. The later SIT deteriorates combustion and harms the fuel economy of ACE consequently, resulting in sharp drop in NOx emission (up to 44.9 %) but rise in other emissions. In general, the overall performance of ACE with double injection is superior to that with single injection, especially at the SIR of 0.2 at target condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103544"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pyrolysis of Acacia nilotica bark: estimation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters using model-free isoconversional methods

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103525

Alok Kumar Singh, Pujan Chirag Parikh, Jyoti Prasad Chakraborty

{"title":"Pyrolysis of Acacia nilotica bark: estimation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters using model-free isoconversional methods","authors":"Alok Kumar Singh, Pujan Chirag Parikh, Jyoti Prasad Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis of Acacia nilotica Bark (ANB) was investigated using KAS (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose), FWO (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa), and Starink methods to study the kinetics and thermodynamics. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out at four heating rate 5, 10, 20, and 30 °C/min in nitrogen atmosphere. DTG curves indicating weight-loss peaks move to higher temperatures at higher heating rates. More biochar was produced at higher heating rates as the rate of weight loss slowed down at higher heating rates. The average activation energy obtained by KAS, FWO, and Starink methods were 100.30, 107.59, and 100.22 kJ/mol, respectively. The pre-exponential factors ranged from 2.75*10<sup>-2</sup> – 1.37*10<sup>15</sup> for KAS, 1.11 – 1.20*10<sup>15</sup> for FWO, and 3.27*10<sup>-2</sup> – 1.44*10<sup>15</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for Starink. Thermodynamic characteristics of ANB indicated that it contains potential energy for bioenergy generation and could produce higher yields of biochar. Criado’s Z-master plots were constructed which depict that biomass degradation follows a multistep reaction mechanism. In the lower conversion range, it was observed that ANB decomposed using the (R2), (R3), and D2; and in the middle conversion range it followed (F2), (A4), (D4), and (D2) models and in the high conversion range it followed diffusion (R2) and (R3) model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103525"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical investigation of the impact of turbulence on a small-scale double-stage Savonius vertical axis wind turbine in an open environment application

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103540

Yashwant Kumar Singh , Subrata Kumar Ghosh , Tanmoy Maity

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of the impact of turbulence on a small-scale double-stage Savonius vertical axis wind turbine in an open environment application","authors":"Yashwant Kumar Singh , Subrata Kumar Ghosh , Tanmoy Maity","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the impact of turbulence on a small-scale double-stage modified Savonius vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) operating in an open environment. The study utilized wind tunnel experiments with free stream velocities of 4 ms<sup>−1</sup>, 6 ms<sup>−1</sup>, 7 ms<sup>−1</sup>, 8 ms<sup>−1</sup>, and 11 ms<sup>−1</sup>. The power and torque coefficients were measured for various wind speeds, with significant observations noted at 7 ms<sup>−1</sup>. Specifically, the maximum power coefficient (<em>Cp</em>) of 23 % was achieved for the modified Savonius turbine was at 7 ms<sup>−1</sup>, which was found to be higher compared other wind speeds, demonstrating optimal aerodynamic performance. Controlled turbulence was introduced using a turbulence-generating mechanism, with turbulence intensities ranging from 10 % to 14 %. Numerical simulations were performed to validate the experimental results, and the findings revealed that turbulence intensity influenced the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine blades, enhancing their performance in certain conditions. Notably, under turbulent conditions at lower wind speeds 4 ms<sup>-1</sup>to 7 ms<sup>−1</sup>, the torque coefficient increased from 0.24 and 0.15 under uniform flow to 0.40 and 0.44, respectively. At higher wind speeds 8 ms<sup>-1</sup>and 11 ms<sup>−1</sup>, a slight decrease in torque coefficient was observed due to the onset of turbulent flow effects. The study advances the understanding of the turbine’s performance in turbulent environments, particularly highlighting the importance of turbulence intensity for optimizing turbine design and efficiency in urban and complex wind conditions. These results provide valuable insights for designing wind turbines capable of operating efficiently in varied and dynamic wind environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of enhanced hydrogen production from atomised water-methanol mixture in a modified plasma reformer

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103535

Neeraj Budhraja, Amit Pal, R.S. Mishra

{"title":"Experimental investigation of enhanced hydrogen production from atomised water-methanol mixture in a modified plasma reformer","authors":"Neeraj Budhraja, Amit Pal, R.S. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier with a very high energy content by mass. However, about 97–98 % of H<sub>2</sub> production is through steam reforming, which lowers the benefits of cleaner fuel. In current work, a modified plasma reformer was used to enhance hydrogen production, and the performance parameters like feed flow rate (0.5 to 4.5 LPM), methanol concentration (0 to 35 %) and voltage (4 to 8 V) were analyzed at three different ultrasonic transducer frequencies (0.3, 1.7 and 2.4 MHz). The results showed that the higher frequency (2.4 MHz) transducer had about 8–10 % higher tendency of H<sub>2</sub> production rate against the other two transducers of frequencies 1.7 MHz and 0.3 MHz, respectively. The process parameters that influenced the H<sub>2</sub> production rate include input voltage, which showed a 14–25 % increase in the H<sub>2</sub> production rate from 4 kV to 7.5 kV, and beyond 7.5 kV, it declined. Similarly, the highest H<sub>2</sub> production rate was observed at the higher methanol concentration of 35 % and feed flow rate of 3.5 LPM. The hydrogen selectivity (HS) and methanol conversion (MCP) also calculated and found both positive and negative impacts as per the variations in influencing parameters. The highest raise in HS and MCP were observed about 30–45 % for input voltage whereas the reduction was about 30–40 % for methanol concentration. The feed flow rate showed mixed response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103535"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the operating performance of a novel flat loop heat pipe with liquid channels under terrestrial and accelerated conditions

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103532

Zhen Fang , Yongqi Xie , Jinpeng Wei , Hongwei Wu , Hongxing Zhang , Guoguang Li

{"title":"Experimental study on the operating performance of a novel flat loop heat pipe with liquid channels under terrestrial and accelerated conditions","authors":"Zhen Fang , Yongqi Xie , Jinpeng Wei , Hongwei Wu , Hongxing Zhang , Guoguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the cooling challenges of future advanced airborne electronic equipment, in this article, a dual compensation chamber stainless steel-ammonia flat loop heat pipe (FLHP) with liquid channels was designed and fabricated. A test rig was set up to evaluate the startup and operating performance under two typical acceleration directions and terrestrial conditions. In the current study, acceleration is defined as direction Ⅰ when it is directed from CC2 to CC1, and as direction Ⅱ is when it oriented from the evaporator to the condenser. Experimental results indicated that: (i) under terrestrial conditions, the FLHP can successfully start at 10 W and quickly reach steady state under varying heat loads (10 ∼ 500 W). (ii) the FLHP successfully started and reached a steady state under 6 <em>g</em> acceleration in both directions, but the time required to reach steady state is longer than that under terrestrial conditions. (iii) the steady-state operating temperature versus heat load shows a “V” shaped curve under both terrestrial and acceleration conditions. The transitions from the variable to the constant conductance model occur at heat loads of 200 W, 400 W, and 300 W for terrestrial condition, acceleration direction Ⅰ, and acceleration direction Ⅱ, respectively. (iv) accelerations in both directions increase the FLHP operating temperature. In direction Ⅰ, acceleration mainly affects the fluid distribution between the CCs, altering heat leakage from the evaporator. In direction II, it primarily increases the flow resistance in the external loop. The findings of this study provide strong support for the thermal management of electronic devices, especially offering broad application prospects in complex and variable airborne acceleration environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103532"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A CFD integrated drying model for improving drying conditions in industry Scale dryers

IF 5.1 3区工程技术

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103533

Ali Hassan , Mohammad U.H Joardder , Azharul Karim

{"title":"A CFD integrated drying model for improving drying conditions in industry Scale dryers","authors":"Ali Hassan , Mohammad U.H Joardder , Azharul Karim","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drying is a complex process involving simultaneous momentum, heat and mass transfer driven by gradients in pressure, temperature, moisture concentration, and velocity. While recent efforts have integrated drying models with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to improve process understanding, most existing models focus on convective drying of single samples. There remains a critical need for further studies to optimize drying conditions using CFD-integrated models for multiple samples under diverse inlet air velocities. In this study, a CFD-integrated drying model was developed to investigate drying uniformity for multiple samples under various conditions. This includes investigating whether a meshed inlet can enhance airflow distribution, thereby improving both drying uniformity and drying rates. Moreover, the study examined the uniformity of air velocity, moisture content, and sample temperature for different sample arrangements and positions within the drying chamber. Results indicated that higher air velocities significantly enhance moisture removal and temperature uniformity among samples, while sample placement notably affects drying rates. Moreover, the inclusion of meshed inlet can reduce the low energy spots within the drying chamber for optimizing the drying efficiency of the system. However, higher uniformities in air velocity and sample temperature, and moisture content were achieved from the non-perforated air inlet. This research highlights the critical role of meshed inlet and sample orientations in optimizing airflow and drying conditions, providing insights to improve energy efficiency, achieve consistent drying performance, and reduce quality degradation during the drying process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 103533"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0