Thermal Science and Engineering Progress最新文献

{"title":"Influence of obstacle blockage on flame propagation, overpressure and local temperature of vapor deflagration in narrow ship channel-like space","authors":"Yulun Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Gao ,&nbsp;Shaohua Mao ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yongdiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Congshuo Yang ,&nbsp;Yunhe Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A special study mainly concerning the influence of blockage ratio on flame propagation, overpressure and local temperature distribution characteristic of combustible vapor deflagration in narrow channel of ship was conducted. Rectangular obstacles with 30∼55 % blockage ratio were tested. The flame propagation, overpressure and local temperature were recorded and analyzed. Results indicated that obstacle edges have obvious shear action to flame front, which the front structure and surface area would be obviously stretched. The presence of obstacles could enhance the turbulence intensity of local fluid and induce more turbulent flame, leading to a significantly increased propagation speed. In current tests, flame propagation speed increased firstly and then decreased with the blockage ratio, and the maximum flame speed could reach 97.5 m/s. Overpressure also performs a non-monotonous variation, which could be attributed to the fact that obstacles can not only positively stimulate the deflagration by enhancing local turbulence intensity, but also have an obstructing effect on the propagation of flame and pressure wave. This means, there is a critical blockage ratio, at which the overpressure is maximized, and this critical value is found to be around 40 % in current experimental conditions. Meanwhile, the propagation of deflagration overpressure and flame involved the obvious coupling effect, and the overpressure and flame reached peaks almost simultaneously. This work is expected to provide some basic references for the emergency disposal of combustible liquid vapor deflagration accidents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of moon base energy system integrated cooling and electrical energy supply: Working fluid selection and full-day energy analysis","authors":"Zekuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yilei Li ,&nbsp;Youzi Wang ,&nbsp;Shiyi Xu ,&nbsp;Teng Fei ,&nbsp;Jiang Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On the moon base, a sufficient energy supply is crucial for the normal operation of equipment. The surface temperature on the lunar day can reach as high as 390 K, providing cooling energy during the lunar day is a prerequisite for the long-term survival of humans on the Moon. Therefore, in response to the demands for cooling and electricity, this paper proposes a closed Brayton cycle (CBC) – organic Rankine cycle (ORC) – vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system and establishes its mathematical model. The working fluids of the ORC – VCR are screened to obtain the power – generation and refrigeration capabilities. Toluene is selected as the best working fluid because it has higher ORC thermal efficiency and coefficient of performance (COP) under the condition of ensuring a relatively small radiator area. During the lunar day, the power of the ORC reaches a maximum value of 24.36 kW at noon. During the lunar night, as the temperature of the thermal energy storage system (TES) decreases, the power generation of the ORC increases, and the energy conversion efficiency also improves. This compensates for the performance decline of the CBC to a certain extent, but cannot completely reverse the weakening trend of the overall performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absorption of thermal radiation by a water-based spray curtain","authors":"D.V. Antonov ,&nbsp;R.M. Fedorenko ,&nbsp;R.S. Volkov ,&nbsp;P.A. Strizhak","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents the results of experimental studies on the absorption of thermal radiation from an open flame by a water-based spray curtain. Two typical applications were simulated: the thermal purification of water from insoluble impurities and the thermal protection of objects from open flames. Mathematical processing and generalization of experimental data led to the development of prediction equations for estimating the required thickness of the spray curtain and concentration of solid particles in the water necessary to effectively reduce heat from the radiation source. The influence of the geometric dimensions of the curtain, speed, size, and volume concentration of droplets in the aerosol cloud, as well as the addition of solid impurities on the characteristics of thermal radiation absorption by the spray curtain has been established. It has been established that an increase in the lateral size of the aerosol flow to 0.1–0.3 m reduces the density of the radiant heat flux by 28–45 %, while bentonite slurry, which reduces the radiant heat flux by up to 20 %, is the most effective additive for thermal radiation absorption by a spray. Based on the results of the analysis of the experimental data, a mathematical model is developed for predicting optimal heat and mass transfer conditions. Using this model, a parametric study is performed that makes it possible to establish the necessary input parameters for intensifying the heat transfer of spray droplets with different contents of solid particles and thermal radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103657"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the thermal performances of two parabolic trough solar air collectors used for greenhouse heating: An experimental study","authors":"Yong Guan ,&nbsp;Lu Zhou ,&nbsp;Wanling Hu ,&nbsp;Zhixiong Wei ,&nbsp;Guang Li ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the solar energy utilization rate and address the issues of high outlet temperature and large temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of a parabolic trough solar air collector with double-receiver tubes (PTSAC-DRTs) used for solar greenhouse heating, a novel parabolic trough solar air collector with triple-receiver tubes (PTSAC-TRTs) was designed in this study. The design was based on increasing the air mass flow rate in the collector to prevent excessively high temperatures at the collector outlet. Experiments were designed and carried out to investigate the influence of four parameters, including the air velocity, solar irradiance, air temperature at the collector inlet, and presence of an external insulation board, on the heat collection performance of the PTSAC-TRTs. The performances of the PTSAC-DRTs and PTSAC-TRTs were compared in terms of the air temperature at the collector outlet, collector efficiency, and normalized temperature difference–efficiency curve. The optimum air velocity was 5.4 m/s for the PTSAC-TRTs, which had an instantaneous collection efficiency (ICE) of up to 76.0 %. The collector did not require any additional insulation for practical application and is thus both efficient and practical. Using the optimum air velocity, the air temperature at the PTSAC-TRTs outlet was consistently 1–4 °C lower than that at the PTSAC-DRTs outlet. Compared with the PTSAC-DRTs, the average heat collection per unit area and average ICE of the PTSAC-TRTs were 10.7 % and 10.4 % higher, respectively. The PTSAC-TRTs was used as a thermal collection device to efficiently supply energy to a solar greenhouse, ensuring a higher indoor temperature (3.6 °C higher on average) than that of a reference greenhouse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103666"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional radiant conductivity model for heat-generating cylindrical porous media: Development and experimental validation","authors":"S. Rajaganesh ,&nbsp;D. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate mathematical models describing high-temperature porous bed heat transfer can provide insights into the optimisation of industrial processes and improve their thermodynamic efficiency. Several heat transfer models have been proposed for various applications to achieve this objective. However, the thermal radiation characterisation of porous beds is difficult partly due to the physical complexity and the shortage of experimental validation of reported numerical models. Estimation of porous bed temperature profile through the radiant conductivity method is a subject of extensive study. However, the reported methods are bereft of multidimensional and generalized applications. Such specificity in their application renders these methods highly restricted. This paper presents a novel two-dimensional radiant conductivity model for a heat-generating porous bed of cylindrical rods. The radiant conductivity is assigned as a function of the radiation exchange factor <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, and the average cylinder surface temperature <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span> is estimated to be a function of the optical properties of the porous media. The presented model is verified and validated against a multi-dimensional experimental investigation of a heat-generating cylindrical bed with a deviation of less than 7 %. The proposed model is well adapted for estimating the thermal radiation field for various cylindrical bed configurations and can be easily implemented into the energy equation of the porous media. The radiant conductivity of the porous bed is revealed to be influenced by the arrangement of cylindrical rods and the number of interacting cylinders. The radiative field is estimated by the presented model with similar accuracy to the classical methods (for dilute systems; <span><math><mrow><mi>porosity</mi><mo>→</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>) with a significant reduction in the computational cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal interface materials: A promising solution for passive heat dissipation in electronic appliances","authors":"Ihsan Ur Rahman,&nbsp;Sergio Nardini,&nbsp;Bernardo Buonomo,&nbsp;Oronzio Manca,&nbsp;Hurmat Khan,&nbsp;Bartolomeo Siviero","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid progress of wireless technology, accompanied by the continuous miniaturization of electronic devices, has significantly increased power density, posing serious challenges to thermal management. Upholding stable thermal performance in compact devices requires highly efficient thermal interface materials (TIMs) having the capability of reliable heat dissipation. This review critically analyzes the main categories of TIMs used in electronic packaging cooling, highlighting their thermal characteristics, operational limitations, and common issues, such as pump-out and phase separation in conventional materials (greases, gels, adhesives, and thermal pads). Special attention is paid to nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs), which combine the high latent heat of PCMs with the superior thermal conductivity of embedded nanoparticles e.g., carbon, metals. The review is organized into sections covering: (i) the fundamental properties of conventional TIMs and NePCMs, (ii) the types of nanoparticles used in various classes of PCMs and their effects on thermophysical properties like thermal conductivity, latent heat capacity, melting point, and (iii) the main challenges related to the integration of NePCMs in electronic packaging. In conclusion, the need for advanced optimization strategies is highlighted to fully exploit the potential of NePCMs in the thermal management of future high-energy-density devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103673"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on temperature distribution and evolution of air-cooled PEMFCs under various operating conditions","authors":"Jing Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinxuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Zixun Zhong ,&nbsp;Yongkang Ma ,&nbsp;Caiting Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising for clean energy applications, but thermal management remains a critical challenge. This study experimentally investigated the temperature distribution and evolution of an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack under various dynamic operating conditions. Using 60 thermocouples inserted into the cathode channels, the formation, development, and propagation of high-temperature regions were thoroughly studied. The research results indicated that temperature distribution became increasingly non-uniform with rising current density, particularly under overload conditions. Hot spots first appeared near the hydrogen inlet and air outlet, expanding to central regions as current density increased. Overload operation led to rapid temperature rises and the formation of thermal bridges between hot spots, highlighting the risks of thermal instability. Moreover, the study established a connection between temperature variations and water management problems. Anode flooding intensified heat generation and led to voltage fluctuations. In addition, it was found that the maximum temperature difference could serve as a sensitive indicator for detecting water flooding inside fuel cells. The results of this study are helpful for a better understanding of the internal thermal behavior of air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells and are of great significance for optimizing their thermal management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103665"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the hydrothermal performance of entropy-optimized time-dependent hybrid nanofluid flow in a non-Newtonian model with solar radiation mechanisms","authors":"Meifang Liu ,&nbsp;Dapeng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient management of heat transfer plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of thermal systems, particularly in renewable energy applications such as solar thermal systems. This study investigates the hydrothermal performance of entropy-optimized, time-dependent hybrid nanofluid flow in a non-Newtonian model, utilizing Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles suspended in water as the base fluid. A non-Newtonian fluid model is employed to simulate the flow behavior, reflecting more realistic conditions for complex fluid systems. Similarity variables are used to transform the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved using the collocation numerical technique, and the corresponding heat transfer characteristics and entropy generation are thoroughly analyzed. The results, presented both in tabular and graphical formats, show that solar radiation and magnetic field parameters favorably influence the fluid temperature. Additionally, a higher Brinkman number leads to enhanced heat generation from viscous dissipation, which subsequently increases the rate of entropy production. The findings demonstrate the potential to reduce entropy generation and improve thermodynamic performance, offering important implications for the design of energy-efficient systems in solar thermal applications and other heat exchange technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for a combined supercritical CO2 and organic Rankine Cycle: System design and exergoeconomic analysis","authors":"Animesh Goswami ,&nbsp;Ajoy Sarmah ,&nbsp;J. Nondy ,&nbsp;T.K. Gogoi","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study discusses a supercritical CO₂ recompression cycle (s-CO₂-RC) combined with a regenerative and recuperative organic Rankine cycle (RRORC) where the system components are designed using Flownex, a commercial software. Key geometrical parameters are taken into account to calculate pressure drop and other critical parameters, such as overall heat transfer coefficients, rather than relying on assumptions. Four working fluids—R123, R141b, R245ca and R601a—are considered for the RRORC. The mass and energy balances are applied, the geometric parameters are determined, and the results are further utilized to perform exergy and exergoeconomic evaluation. R601a performs best and hence is selected for further analyses. A parametric study is also conducted to determine the suitable RRORC vapor extraction pressure. This study found that the condenser in the RRORC is the largest among all the heat exchangers, followed by the intermediate heat exchanger-I (IHX-I) of the sCO₂ cycle. Although smaller in size, IHX-I has the highest heat duty among all exchangers. This highlights that heat exchanger size is not solely dictated by heat transfer rate, emphasizing the crucial role of component design. The combined system produces 11.01 MW of net power with an energy efficiency of 36.84 % and 42.79 % exergy efficiency. Exergoeconomic analysis reveals that the overall cost rate of the combined system is 558.49 $/h, with the s-CO₂ turbine and intermediate heat exchanger (IHX-I) as major contributors. The s-CO₂ turbine is the most capital-intensive component, attributing 70.7 % of the capital cost rate. The payback period of the combined system is 11.55 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of the impact of MHD and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on double-diffusive mixed convection with obstacles in an inclined enclosure","authors":"M. Gnanasekaran ,&nbsp;Shivananda Moolya ,&nbsp;N.R. Devi ,&nbsp;A. Satheesh","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, biomedical researchers have concentrated on the application of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and ferrofluid. This study investigates the effect of ferrofluid, magnetic forces, and double-diffusive mixed convection properties on a steady-state, two-dimensional, laminar flow in an inclined square cavity, including multiple heated square obstacles using the finite volume method. The range of parameters used in the analysis are the nanoparticle volume fractions (0.0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.06), inclination angle (0° ≤ γ ≤ 60°), Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), heated block ratio (B = 1/8), Buoyancy ratio (N = 2.0), Lewis number (Le = 5.0), and Prandtl number (Pr = 7.1). This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of temperature, concentration, and streamlines patterns and investigates the impact of heat and mass transfer rates on the surfaces of heated obstacles by evaluating both local and average Nusselt (Nu) and Sherwood numbers (Sh). The results show that when Ri is set to 1.0, N = 2.0, and φ = 0.06, average Nu rises by 7.91 % and 14.18 % for inclination angles of γ = 30° and 60°, respectively, in comparison to γ = 0° and average Sh increases 37.14 % and 45.71 % under the same parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 103669"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}