Thermal Science and Engineering Progress最新文献

{"title":"Experimental studies of magnetic confinement effects on premixed methane flames using PIV and thermal diagnostics","authors":"Muhammad Bilal ,&nbsp;Bipro Gain ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yousuf ,&nbsp;Du Wang ,&nbsp;Kai-Ru Jin ,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of magnetic fields on the structure, temperature, and flow field velocity distribution of premixed CH₄ flames under varying magnetic field strengths using electromagnets and equivalence ratios (φ = 1.0, 1.4, and 2.0). Experiments were performed using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), flame photography, and temperature measurements to evaluate flame height, width, profile area, distortion index, and internal velocity distribution changes. The results indicate that increasing magnetic field strength compresses the flame, reducing flame height, width, and profile area while decreasing the flame distortion index, which signifies improved flame stability. Temperature measurements indicate that the magnetic field enhances combustion efficiency by accelerating oxygen mixing/diffusion into the combustion zone, particularly in the main combustion region. Quantitatively, a flame height reduction of up to 8.42 % and a temperature rise of approximately 298 K were observed under fuel-rich conditions (φ = 2.0). Velocity distributions reveal a significant increase in centerline flame velocity magnitudes under stronger magnetic fields due to the enhanced mixing of paramagnetic oxygen and the resulting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, contributing to improving combustion efficiency. Here, flame velocity refers to the internal flow field velocity extracted from PIV measurements, not to the laminar burning velocity. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of flame parameters remained under 5 %, demonstrating high measurement repeatability. This study is motivated by the need for enhanced combustion control through magnetic field application by electromagnets, and the findings confirm that magnetic fields significantly improve flame compactness, thermal efficiency, and stability by modifying oxygen transport and flame flow dynamics. These findings demonstrate that electromagnetic fields influence flame characteristics through improved oxygen mixing and combustion stabilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis on heat flow characteristics of tobacco curing process in intensive curing barns","authors":"Pingwei Qin ,&nbsp;Yonghong Wu ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Yongbo Li ,&nbsp;Yuxin Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Yan ,&nbsp;Shihong Wei ,&nbsp;Mingjiang Xu ,&nbsp;Chenghua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving heat flow distribution in intensive curing barns is essential for enhancing tobacco leaf curing quality. This study investigated heat flow characteristics in stacked tobacco leaves during yellowing, fixative, and sinew periods. Results revealed a significant flow dead zone in the upper layers, causing vapor accumulation. For leaves of 600 mm length, the maximum temperature range (TR) reached 20.6 K during the fixative period. Increasing leaf length improved heat flow uniformity by extending airflow residence time. When leaf length increased from 600 mm to 700 mm, TR decreased by 3.69 K, 11.3 K, and 3.32 K across the three curing periods, with the most notable improvement in the fixative period. Temperature standard deviation across layers also declined by 3.48 K, 0.40 K, and 0.16 K, respectively. Additionally, optimizing inlet velocity significantly enhanced heat flow uniformity. Increasing inlet velocity from 4 m/s to 6 m/s improved temperature uniformity but raised fan power from 151.29 W to 515.29 W. Balancing uniform heat flow, energy efficiency, and airflow standards, an inlet velocity of 4.5 m/s was optimal. These results offer practical guidelines for selecting appropriate leaf lengths and fan specifications to improve curing efficiency and product quality in intensive tobacco barns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of MOF-coated desiccant-assisted intermittent heat pump drying for energy-efficient dehydration of apple slices","authors":"Win-Jet Luo ,&nbsp;Prateek Negi ,&nbsp;Yun-Ching Chang ,&nbsp;Chengyou Zuo ,&nbsp;Bivas Panigrahi","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of energy-efficient drying technologies that preserve product quality is crucial in food preservation. This study explores a novel method utilizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) coated on an auxiliary condenser to enhance the performance of heat pump drying systems for apple slices. The research is structured in two phases. The first evaluates drying behavior under continuous and intermittent modes, emphasizing drying curves and system efficiency. The second phase integrates an MOF-coated desiccant-coated heat exchanger (DCHE) into intermittent drying, employing a bypass air duct for improved dehumidification. An exponential model was adapted for intermittent operation. The model effectively predicted the moisture ratio (MR) with high accuracy, achieving R² values of 0.9703 for 2.5 mm slices and 0.9621 for 5 mm slices. MOF-DCHE-assisted intermittent drying reduced drying time by 18.18 % (5 mm slices) and 6.67 % (2.5 mm slices), at intermittent ratios of 0.54 and 0.88, respectively. Additionally, it improved the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) by 5.4 % for 5 mm slices and 3.7 % for 2.5 mm slices compared to non-assisted modes. Energy consumption was reduced by 25.5 % for 5 mm slices compared to continuous drying. Sensory analysis confirmed excellent retention of key attributes such as flexibility, aroma, flavor, and overall liking, highlighting enhanced product quality. Integrating MOF-DCHE into heat pump drying systems thus demonstrates a promising and sustainable method for improving drying efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and preserving the dried fruit quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the performance change of annular cross wavy heat exchanger plates based on bending forms","authors":"Ruihao Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohu Chen,&nbsp;Meng Wang,&nbsp;Zhongyi Wang,&nbsp;Yanhua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of recuperators can effectually enhance the thermal efficiency. The cross wavy primary surface regenerator is widely used because of its excellent thermodynamic performance. However, the current research of scholars only focuses on the single-channel or multi-channel models. There is no relevant research on the thermodynamic performance changes caused by the bending deformation of the cross wavy heat exchange plate during actual installation. To fill the gap of this research, this paper studies the change law of thermodynamic performance of heat exchanger plate after bending. It is found that the <em>Nu</em> is reduced by 6.70 % and the <em>f</em> is reduced by 6.75 % at most after the bending of the straight heat exchange plate, which has a non-negligible performance change. The mechanism of thermodynamic performance change of the channel after bending is explained from the perspective of internal flow field analysis. Furthermore, the correlation formulas and correction coefficients of <em>Nu</em> and <em>f</em> after bending of straight heat exchanger plate are obtained by least square method, which provides a reference for the practical engineering application of cross wavy recuperator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-physics modeling and optimization of DC electric arc furnace based on operating parameter and field synergy analysis","authors":"Rong-Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming-Jia Li ,&nbsp;Xuan-Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Lan-Sen Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global steel industry is under growing pressure to boost energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts, highlighting the worldwide significance of optimizing industrial heating processes. For Direct Current Electric Arc Furnaces (DC EAF), optimizing multi-physical fields is essential to increase productivity and lower energy use. This study examines DC EAFs using a multi-physical field synergy approach, offering insights to improve control of arc parameters and electrode configurations. Using a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model for numerical simulation, the research follows international trends in advanced metallurgical studies. The MHD model simulates the electromagnetic, velocity, and temperature fields within the furnace. It then evaluates how anode structure, arc length, and current affect these fields. By applying the field synergy principle, interactions among these fields are optimized to boost heat transfer efficiency. Results show that modifying arc parameters (arc length and current) and anode structure significantly improves the synergy between velocity and temperature fields, enhancing heat transfer. Three distinct molten steel flow patterns emerge under different conditions, influenced by changes in the Lorentz force at the bath base. Optimal performance is achieved with an arc length of 45 cm, arc current of 60 kA, and the CLECIM anode structure. Compared to the least optimal scenario, temperature–velocity field synergy improves by 6.6 %, and temperature rise increases by 2.2 %. These outcomes support global sustainable steel production by offering a scalable, energy-efficient operational framework, holding substantial value for both research and industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104102"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slip effects and heat transfer in unsteady stagnation flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids over a rigid plate in porous media using a two-parameter scaling method","authors":"Yun Ouyang ,&nbsp;Md Faisal Md Basir ,&nbsp;Kohilavani Naganthran","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to enhance efficiency in material extrusion and manufacturing. It examines the unsteady stagnation flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid, comprising aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and iron(II,III) oxide nanoparticles dispersed in water. The flow is analyzed over a rigid plate with slip effects and heat generation and absorption in porous media. Using the Two-parameter scaling method, the governing equations are simplified into coupled similarity equations and solved by the bvp4c function in Matlab. Dual solutions are observed for decelerating flow, while only a single solution exists for accelerating flow, with stability analysis confirming the first solution as stable and physically workable. The results show that increasing the Darcy number decreases both skin friction and heat transfer rate, while higher nanoparticle volume fraction improves thermal performance. The Nusselt number increases with higher velocity slip and nanoparticle volume fraction but decreases with the Darcy number, thermal slip, and heat generation/absorption. Ternary hybrid nanofluid more effectively delays boundary layer separation and achieves higher thermal efficiency compared to binary and mono nanofluid. At an unsteadiness parameter of -3.5, they are 0.34% more efficient than binary nanofluid and 0.79% more efficient than mono nanofluid. This study develops a novel similarity transformation and offers valuable insights for thermal change, material extrusion, and manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104081"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of biodiesel extraction from mixing of Jatropha curcas, Ricinus communis, Mimusops elengi, Prosopis juliflora and Delonix regia oil − A systematic economic approach with novel metal complex catalyst","authors":"J.Benny John ,&nbsp;K. Chandrasekar ,&nbsp;Ajith J. Kings ,&nbsp;R. Rajesh","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising global energy demand and environmental concerns over fossil fuel consumption have intensified the search for sustainable and renewable alternatives. Biodiesel has emerged as a promising substitute due to its biodegradability, lower emissions, and renewable origin. In this experimental study, biodiesel was extracted from a mixed oil blend comprising <em>Jatropha curcas, Ricinus communis, Mimusops elengi, Prosopis juliflora</em>, and <em>Delonix regia</em> seeds. These nonedible plant sources were specifically selected due to their abundance, underutilization, and high oil content, making them suitable candidates for sustainable biodiesel production. A novel metal complex catalyst was employed in the transesterification process to enhance yield efficiency and cost-effectiveness through a systematic economic approach at room temperature with proper spectroscopic characterization. A biodiesel yield of approximately 95 % was achieved through a computational optimization approach by modeling the reaction kinetics, with the optimized parameters being catalyst concentration of 9 wt%, methanol to oil ratio of 0.25 v/v, stirring speed of 120 rpm, and a reaction time of 120 min. Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was facilitated to confirm the biodiesel quality through the balanced quantity of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were thoroughly evaluated to ensure compliance with the required quality parameters specified by international fuel standards, including the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the European Committee for Standardization (EN), thereby validating its suitability as a sustainable alternative for transportation fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic irreversibility and stability of dual solutions in Maxwell-type ternary nanofluid flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet with slip and heat effects","authors":"Minming Xu ,&nbsp;Yun Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In industrial systems involving complex fluids and heat transfer, challenges such as energy loss, thermal inefficiency, and unstable flow behavior often limit performance. This study investigates entropy generation and the stability of dual solutions in the flow of a Maxwell ternary nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet, incorporating velocity slip, temperature jump, and a heat source/sink. The governing equations are solved using the bvp4c method in MATLAB. Results show that ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) significantly enhances thermal performance, with up to 0.22% and 0.28% higher thermal efficiency than binary and mono nanofluid, respectively, at <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span>. Heat transfer and skin friction increase with suction, velocity slip, and elasticity, while entropy generation decreases with higher <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span> and slip. The first solution is found to be stable, while the second is unstable and physically inadmissible. To improve heat transfer and reduce drag, effective strategies include using THNF, enhancing suction, optimizing <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span>, increasing heat absorption (<span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span>), and setting the temperature jump to 0.2 and 0.8. The novelty lies in providing the first comprehensive study of entropy generation and stability in Maxwell-type THNF flows under complex boundary effects. These findings inform the design of efficient, low-loss thermal systems in energy, electronics, and advanced manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104080"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based predictive control of thermal management system in battery electric vehicles","authors":"Ertuğrul Kurt,&nbsp;Taha Erkin Tunalı,&nbsp;Gökay Tavşancı,&nbsp;Emre Özgül","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a predictive control logic based on machine learning (ML) for the thermal management system (TMS) of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), aiming for cost-e<em>ff</em>ective energy consumption and response time. The developed methodology consists of six critical steps. The first step is to collect data from virtual integrated models or vehicle tests. The second step requires the selection of the components to be controlled, such as an air conditioning (AC) compressor. Then, the nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (NARX) metamodel is built to predict key thermal parameters of cabin temperature, battery temperature, and compressor power consumption, for both heating and cooling processes. Unlike more computationally intensive models such as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, the NARX framework o<em>ff</em>ers a low-complexity, real-time compatible solution, making it particularly well-suited for embedded vehicle controllers. It is shown that the developed ML model aligns well with the experimental test data gathered under heating conditions. In the cooling case, the NARX-based model is embedded in an optimization framework to minimize AC compressor power subject to predetermined temperature limits. The results indicate that the ML-based control logic achieved an 18 % reduction in compressor energy consumption, and a 10 % saving in total TMS auxiliary load consumption. Under summer operation conditions, this translates to an approximate 0.6 % increase in vehicle range. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate that machine learning-based predictive control can improve the e<em>ffi</em>ciency of BEV thermal management systems; the proposed framework proved its real-time potential by completing 750 optimization runs in only 7 min, showing measurable benefits in energy savings, range extension, and the development of smarter, more sustainable vehicle architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics and thermodynamics profiling of CO2-driven coconut husk gasification via thermal analysis","authors":"Rakesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Mahendra Ram ,&nbsp;Sujit Y. Pimple ,&nbsp;Md. Samiuddin ,&nbsp;Monoj Kumar Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the thermal degradation and gasification behavior of coconut husk as a potential feedstock for syngas production. Comprehensive biomass characterization including proximate, ultimate and biochemical analyses as well as estimating higher heating value (HHV) was conducted to assess its suitability. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted under a CO₂ environment (flow rate: 100 mL/min) across a temperature range ofroom temperature to 1000 °C, with heating rates of 10, 20, and 30 °C/min. The TGA results indicated that the primary mass loss occurred in temperature range 200 to 550 °C. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated by applying <em>iso</em>-conversional models like Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Tang, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Starink. The mean activation energy values calculated were 57.066 kJ/mol (FWO), 52.235 kJ/mol (KAS), 52.600 kJ/mol (Starink), and 52.184 kJ/mol (Tang), all of which are lower than those reported for other biomass materials commonly used in gasification and pyrolysis. The calculated energy gap of 4.68 kJ/mol within the activation energy and the enthalpy suggesting conducive thermodynamics to form product. The reaction mechanisms and order were further elucidated using the Criado master plot and Coats-Redfern method, providing deeper insights into the gasification behavior of coconut husk under CO₂ atmospheres. These results highlight the viability of coconut husk as an economical and efficient feedstock for syngas production, thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23062,"journal":{"name":"Thermal Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 104091"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}