ACS Omega最新文献

{"title":"Compositional Assessment of Honeys from the Central Atlantic Forest: Multielement and Physicochemical Characterization","authors":"Letícia Rosário Silveira,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jaílson Santos de Novais,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Caio Silva Assis Felix,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Gabriela Pereira Costa,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Guilherme Piloto Santos,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Allison Gonçalves Silva,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Mário Marques Silva Junior*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c06565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06565","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ongoing rise in both consumption and exportation of Brazilian honey underscores the need for stricter authentication and traceability protocols to ensure the quality and safety of this food product. Therefore, this study characterizes the multielemental and physicochemical composition of honey samples from the Central Corridor of the Atlantic Forest─a recognized yet threatened biodiversity hotspot in Brazil. Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and standard physical-chemical methods, 23 honey samples were analyzed for mineral content, including Al (0.0013–0.109 mg kg^–1), Ca (28.9–262.49 mg kg^–1), Cr (0.09–1.36 mg kg^–1), Cu (0.051–0.467 mg kg^–1), Fe (0.8–26.3 mg kg^–1), K (83.8–1896.5 mg kg^–1), Mg (20.8–349.5 mg kg^–1), Mn (0.010–6.94 mg kg^–1), Na (10.51–464.16 mg kg^–1), Se (0.143–0.317 mg kg^–1), Sr (0.003–1.429 mg kg^–1), and Zn (0.142–4.276 mg kg^–1), and quality parameters such as moisture (11.69–19.84%), insoluble solids (0.050–0.571 g 100 g^–1), acidity (41.3–79.5 mequiv kg^–1), HMF (7.80–39.77 mg kg^–1), diastase activity (3.07–23.76 DN), reducing sugars (56.31–80.07 g 100 g^–1), and apparent saccharose (2.10–17.74 g 100 g^–1). Potassium, calcium, and magnesium were the predominant minerals. Principal component analysis differentiated honey types, with polyfloral and monofloral samples forming distinct groups. Most samples met the Brazilian and international standards for physicochemical parameters. The findings highlight the quality profile of the Atlantic Forest’s honey, which may contribute to the conservation of this endangered biome.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48700–48710"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c06565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetically Encoded Cell Fate Reporter System for Multiplex Single-Cell Detection of DNA and Mitochondrial Damage","authors":"Aparna Geetha Jayaprasad,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jain Tiffee Puthanparambil Joseph,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Aneesh Chandrasekharan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Aman Munirpasha Halikar,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Aswathy Sivasailam,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jithu Thapasimuthu Geetha,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Kiran Sasi Kumar,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Nithin Satheesan Sinivirgin,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shivanshu Kumar Tiwari,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ashwathi Harikumar,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Prakash Rajappan Pillai,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Vishnu Sheela Sanjeev,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tilak Prasad,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Surabhi Subramanian Vimala,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Anurup Kochucherukkan Gopalakrishnan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shine Varghese Jancy,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;T.R. Santhoshkumar*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c02766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c02766","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Predicting the mechanism of action of bioactive compounds and toxicants is of great importance in drug discovery, as well as toxicology testing of environmental toxicants. Many reporter cell lines were created for generating phenotypic data in assigning the biological impact of large compound libraries. A major requirement of a phenotypic screen is the reporter cell lines for appropriate biomarkers with a good predictive value. Here, we have developed a stable cell expressing TagBFP2-53BP1 as a real-time sensor for DNA damage at the single-cell level that marks 53BP1 foci formation under physiological conditions, as well as toxicant-induced DNA damage. The cells were further engineered to report mitochondrial permeabilization using Smac-RFP, providing a broader application potential for this cellular model. Once the cells are further expressed with the autophagy marker EGFP-LC3, it is possible to image distinct cell fates such as autophagy, mitochondrial permeabilization, and DNA damage at the single-cell level. Using this system, we demonstrate that early cell death induced by telomerase inhibitors involves double-strand breaks and mitochondrial permeabilization. The model also enabled systematic profiling of several toxicants based on clearly noticeable cell fates. The approach of using live single-cell sensors for multiple distinct and diverse phenotypes offers great advantages over independent single-parameter-based assays, with the additional benefit of extracting heterogeneous cell responses over time, revealing more insight into the toxicity and mechanism of action for predictive applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"47954–47966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c02766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol Loaded Nanoemulsion with Improved Bioaccessibility and Anti-Inflammatory Activity","authors":"Yuna Lee,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Sang Hoon Kim,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ha-Yeon Song,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Eui-Baek Byun*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c04608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c04608","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Oral delivery of cannabidiol (CBD) is challenging because of its poor water solubility and low bioavailability, which restrict its therapeutic potential. In this study, we used a CBD-loaded oil-in-water nanoemulsion prepared from octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA)-modified starch to address these challenges. The CBD-encapsulated nanoemulsion (CBD-NE) exhibited a uniform particle size of 39.18 ± 0.15 nm, high encapsulation efficiency of 99.80 ± 0.13%, and maintained colloidal stability during storage for 28 days. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion demonstrated that the bioaccessibility of CBD in CBD-NE was higher than that in unformulated CBD. Furthermore, <i>in vitro</i> experiments using RAW264.7 macrophages showed that CBD-NE significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Collectively, the improved bioaccessibility and potent anti-inflammatory efficacy of CBD-NE highlight its potential for therapeutic and nutraceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48146–48154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c04608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological and Anthropogenic Factors Jointly Influence Hydrochemical Interactions between Groundwater and Surface Water in the Middle and Lower Yellow River","authors":"Menglei Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jie Fang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Feisheng Feng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tingting Yao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yongping Shan,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Wanli Su,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c03965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c03965","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;The interaction between groundwater and surface water plays a crucial role in regulating water resource availability and maintaining ecosystem stability, particularly through hydrochemical exchange processes. However, at the regional scale, the driving factors governing hydrochemical interactions between groundwater and surface water remain inadequately understood. This study aims to identify the dominant controlling factors and ion sources influencing hydrochemical interactions in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. A comprehensive literature review was conducted on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and surface water across China. Ultimately, 150 representative sampling sites located in the middle and lower Yellow River Basin were selected, encompassing 28,351 groundwater samples and 15,487 surface water samples. Sampling was conducted during both the rain and dry seasons, covering different hydrological periods. Hydrochemical characteristics were analyzed by using a combination of hydrogeochemical statistical methods, Piper diagrams, ion ratio relationships, Gibbs plots, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the Absolute Principal Component Scores–Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) model and PHREEQC geochemical simulations were applied to quantify the contributions of different ion sources and assess mineral dissolution and precipitation processes. The results show that the main ions in groundwater and surface water mainly come from rock weathering, evaporation, and human activities. The dissolution of carbonates and gypsum is the source of Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; and HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt; in groundwater and surface water. In addition, the discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage contributed significantly to Cl&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2–&lt;/sup&gt; and Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;. The K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt; ions might be due to the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, although contributions from other sources (e.g., sewage, natural mineral dissolution) cannot be excluded. Moreover, the PCA and APCS-MLR analyses indicated that the hydrochemical interactions between groundwater and surface water were predominantly controlled by geological conditions (48.979%), followed by agricultural activities (16.773%), industrial influences (12.276%), and unidentified factors (21.972%). Among these, geological factors and mineral dissolution processes emerged as the most significant controls. Unidentified factors may include unmeasured variables such as atmospheric deposition, localized anthropogenic inputs, or complex groundwater–surface water exchange dynamics not fully captured by the model. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms driving groundwater–surface water hydrochemical interactions and offer valuable insights for regional water resource management, sustainable utilization, and ecological environment conservation ","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48034–48050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c03965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Melting Point as a Nanoscale Probe to Evaluate Domain Sizes in the Polyethylene Glycol–Water System","authors":"Yoshitomo Furushima*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Emine Billur Sevinis Ozbulut,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuki Yoshida,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mehmet Dinc,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Benedikt Keitel,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lorena Díaz de León Martínez,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Boris Mizaikoff,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c07236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c07236","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based polymers are widely used as matrices in drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. In such systems, drug molecules are typically encapsulated within PEG–water domains ranging from tens to 100 nm in size. The size of domains plays a critical role in the design and performance of DDS materials. In this study, we investigated the nanoscale dependence of the PEG–water phase transition temperature at sub-room temperatures using differential scanning calorimetry. Our results reveal that the melting point of PEG–water domains decreases with decreasing domain size regardless of the polymer concentration. This size-dependent melting behavior is well-described by a simplified Gibbs–Thomson equation. Based on this relationship, we propose a straightforward method for estimating the size of unknown PEG–water domains through melting point in controlled silica pore material measurements, providing a practical approach for evaluating DDS formulations. Additionally, our findings indicate that PEG–water solutions confined within mesopores consistently exhibit a eutectic composition regardless of concentration, highlighting potential applications in nanopore-based separation technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48927–48933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c07236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Multiomics Elucidates Glutathione Metabolic Regulation in a Marine Aromatic Probiotic Yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii GXDK6 under Salt Stress","authors":"Zhenze Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hao Sun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xinglin Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Pai Peng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Huijie Sun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shipeng Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ruilin Xie,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qi Liang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yujia Luo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tingmei Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qian Ou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Sheng Huang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Chengjian Jiang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c07376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c07376","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-salt environments impose significant oxidative stress on microorganisms by disrupting redox homeostasis, necessitating efficient adaptive mechanisms such as glutathione (GSH) metabolism. <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i> GXDK6, a marine-derived multistress-tolerant probiotic yeast, exhibits robust salt tolerance; however, the molecular basis of its GSH-mediated regulatory networks under salt stress remains unexplored. In this study, a comprehensive multiomics approach, integrating whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and proteomics profiling, along with targeted physiological assays, was employed to investigate GSH metabolic regulation under salt stress. Genome-wide analysis identified 55 genes involved in other amino acid metabolism, with transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealing salt-induced upregulation of key GSH biosynthetic genes (<i>GSS</i>, <i>cysK</i>_2, and <i>glyA</i>) and downregulation of degradation-related gene <i>ggt</i>_2. Moreover, transcript and protein level analyses demonstrated the activation of the biosynthetic pathway. Intracellular GSH content exhibited a biphasic response, with a 39.75% reduction at 5% NaCl, followed by a 53.01% increase at 10% NaCl. Glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity was significantly increased under salt stress, highlighting its role in cellular detoxification. Furthermore, exogenous application of GSH (10 mg/L) markedly improved halotolerance, resulting in a 52.7-fold increase in colony-forming units under 10% NaCl conditions. These findings highlight the crucial role of GSH in maintaining redox homeostasis and provide valuable insights for engineering microbial resilience in hypersaline environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48965–48975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c07376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ciprofloxacin (Zwitterion, Chloride, and Sodium Forms): Experimental and DFT Characterization by Vibrational and Solid-State NMR Spectroscopies","authors":"Filipe C. D. A. Lima,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Arthur P. Camargo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Fabrice Leroux,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jocelyne M. Brendlé,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Marcia L. A. Temperini,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Helena M. Petrilli,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Vera R.L. Constantino*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c06384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06384","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exists in multiple protonation states, which influence its structural and spectroscopic properties. Despite its pharmaceutical relevance and concerns regarding its accumulation in the environment, a comprehensive characterization of its zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic solid forms remains limited, particularly in terms of their vibrational and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral assignments. The focus of this study was to identify spectral signatures that differentiate Cipro and its cationic form (as a chloride salt) and anionic form (as a sodium salt). All samples were characterized in solid-state using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and cross-polarized magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) solid-state NMR, with support from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both salts were synthesized in this study. The cipro sodium was isolated as a monohydrate salt, a previously unreported phase. Six spectral regions were identified to distinguish the Cipro zwitterion from its cationic and anionic forms by using vibrational spectroscopy. Both experimental ¹³C CP-MAS solid-state NMR and theoretical analyses revealed pronounced chemical shifts induced by protonation and counterion interactions, which also differentiate the three forms. The analysis presented here provides clear fingerprints of the three Cipro forms, which can be used to support reference spectroscopic data, with direct implications in pharmaceutical formulations as well as for environmental studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48773–48786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c06384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced RNA Preservation in Mouse Brain Tissue: A Strategy Combining Cardiac Perfusion with Hypersaline Immersion","authors":"Qinyu Ge*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Erteng Jia,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tian Wen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ruibin Zhao*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xiangwei Zhao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c05379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c05379","url":null,"abstract":"<p >One of the key research methods for low-density spatial transcriptomics involves collecting and sequencing microregions of interest from tissue sections. However, prolonged capillary microneedle sampling poses a risk of RNA degradation. To address this issue, we developed a preservation strategy consisting of: (1) mouse cardiac perfusion with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to reduce blood-borne RNase activity; (2) brain tissue immersion in a hypersaline solution prior to sectioning; and (3) microregion sampling under low-temperature conditions. Assessment of tissue section RNA integrity and derived microregion transcriptomes demonstrated that this combined approach effectively preserves RNA integrity, maintaining an RNA integrity number equivalent greater than 7.5 for 6 h at 25 °C and greater than 8.5 for 24 h at 4 °C. Furthermore, this protective method reduced 3′ transcript bias and enhanced the detection of cell-type marker genes compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). This strategy establishes a standardized framework to minimize preanalytical variability in capillary-based spatial omics studies of mouse brain sections.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48317–48333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c05379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological and Therapeutic Applications of Gallic Acid Produced by Aspergillus terreus PQ344456 Using Submerged Fermentation","authors":"Nuha M. Alhazmi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c05913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c05913","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this research, <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> PQ344456 fungi was utilized to produce gallic acid through techniques, such as submerged fermentation, that showed a maximum production rate of 188.58 ± 0.27 mg/mL at 96 h. <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> PQ344456 isolates were identified through visualization of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics through procedures that involved the implementation of 18S rRNA sequencing and investigation of the most optimal fermentation conditions through testing the impact of tannic acid levels, pH, and temperature on production rate, in which their values tended to be found optimal at 1.5%, 5, and 30 °C, respectively. Moreover, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to assess gallic acid’s antioxidant activity, displaying a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 54.96 μg/mL. In addition, antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated against various pathogenic strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value appeared to range from 0.0625 to 8 mg/mL and inhibition zone diameters from 29 ± 3.71 mm to 41 ± 1.00 mm. Antifungal activity was also assessed, with inhibition zones ranging from 12 ± 3.21 mm and MIC values from 0.125 to 8 mg/mL. Summarizing the research findings, <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> PQ344456 showed efficacy when used to produce gallic acid that was found to offer considerable potential to be used as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agent concurrently with providing features like safety, accompanied by the fact that gallic acid is of natural origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48488–48499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c05913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Off-Target Interaction of the Amyloid PET Imaging Tracer PiB with Acetylcholinesterase","authors":"Alberto Granzotto*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rosa Fullone,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ludovico Miccoli,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Manuela Bomba,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Claudia Di Marzio,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Stefano Delli Pizzi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Floresta,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Stefano L. Sensi,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsomega.5c06188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06188","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) is a widely used Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracer for detecting amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While PiB is assumed to bind selectively to Aβ, emerging evidence suggests off-target interactions that may complicate PET signal interpretation. Here, we report that PiB can interact with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a key enzyme in the cholinergic system. Similarity screening identified the AChE ligand thioflavin T (ThT) as the top structural analogue of PiB. Docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations showed that PiB stably binds the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE, with binding energies comparable to ThT and clinically relevant AChE inhibitors. <i>In vitro</i> fluorescence-based assays confirmed this interaction and suggest an involvement of the PAS. These findings indicate a plausible, stable off-target interaction between PiB and AChE with implications for interpreting PiB-PET signals in AD, particularly in reference regions with altered AChE expression or under AChE inhibitor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":22,"journal":{"name":"ACS Omega","volume":"10 41","pages":"48544–48550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c06188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}