The Scientific World Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Mixed Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Vertisols in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia.","authors":"Dejene Teressa, Kibebew Kibret, Nigussie Dechasa, Lemma Wogi","doi":"10.1155/2024/4227265","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4227265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Applying inorganic phosphorus fertilizer is less effective in increasing crop yields in tropical soils due to precipitation and adsorption reactions. However, research suggests that partial substitution of organic and inorganic fertilizers has shown to improve the efficiency of applied phosphorus fertilizer by reducing its adsorption and enhancing desorption due to their synergistic effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of treating the soil with mixed manure (MM) rates and blended nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and boron (NPSB) fertilizer on the soil's phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics. Results showed increased adsorbed phosphorus in all treatments, with increased added phosphorus (P) concentration from 100 to 500 mg kg^-1. However, the efficiency of adsorbed P decreased significantly as added P concentration rates increased from 100 to 400 mg·kg^-1 in all treatments and then decreased as the added P concentration advanced to 500 mg·kg^-1. Moreover, in all treatments that received combined applications of MM and blended NPSB, both quantity and percentage of desorbed P showed a significant increase. The Freundlich adsorption coefficient and constant were also significantly reduced because of the combined application of MM and blended NPSB, compared to the control and their sole applications. Overall, the soil treated with a combined application of 15 t·ha^-1 of MM with 100 kg·ha^-1 of blended NPSB showed the highest reduction in the efficiency of adsorbed P, percentage of desorbed P, Freundlich adsorption capacity, and intensity by 8%, 37.5%, 60%, and 58%, respectively, as compared to the control. These findings indicate that the combined application of MM and blended NPSB can improve the P availability and uptake by maize by reducing its adsorption while increasing desorption characteristics. Finally, this experiment recommends further research on the long-term effects of MM and blended NPSB on P adsorption and desorption characteristics of vertisols.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4227265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11578657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Extracts of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaves Alter Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells.","authors":"Agian Jeffilano Barinda, Wawaimuli Arozal, Harri Hardi, Yulia Ratna Dewi, Muhamad Sadam Safutra, Hee Jae Lee","doi":"10.1155/2024/7652217","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7652217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Moringa oleifera</i> (MO) has been an important plant for food and traditional medicine in Asian countries, including Indonesia. The leaves of these plants are reported to be rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and micronutrients and have been proven to have nootropic properties. Therefore, we investigated whether MO could provide protective effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to H₂O₂. In this study, we observed cotreating water-extracted MO leaves on the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that this treatment enhanced the activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. In addition, it suppressed the mRNA expression levels of apoptotic gene-related genes, specifically Bcl-2 associated protein X (BAX) and caspase 3. Furthermore, it promoted neuroplasticity by increasing the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in SH-SY5Y cells. The protein expression of phosphorylated-Akt and phosphorylated-CREB, essential genes in neuroplasticity, was also increased in cells treated with H₂O₂ and MO. Therefore, the neuroprotective effects of MO against oxidative stress are attributed to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, as well as its ability to modify the neuronal signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7652217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11578659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy in Reducing the Inflammation Process of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies.","authors":"Eko Agus Subagio, Pandu Wicaksono, Asadullah Asadullah, Muhammad Faris, Abdul Hafid Bajamal, Imam Susilo, Diaz Syafrie Abdillah","doi":"10.1155/2024/2741367","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2741367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Currently, there is no gold standard technique in SCI therapy. Although there have been many systematic reviews on the pharmacological treatment of inflammation in SCI, there has been no published discussion regarding the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy when viewed from a neuroinflammatory pathway. This research aimed to examine an effective and reliable medication for decreasing inflammation in SCI and, where possible, identify effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment protocols. <b>Methods:</b> We searched SCOPUS, PubMed, PlosOne, and Science Direct, for experimental trials published in English. The keywords included (Pharmacotherapy OR pharmacology OR treatment) AND (traumatic spinal cord injury OR spinal cord OR traumatic OR hemisection of spinal cord OR compression OR traumatic spinal cord injury OR aneurysm clip OR hemisection of spinal cord OR sharp pin injury) AND (Side Effect therapy). In addition, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to assess post-SCI clinical progress. <b>Results:</b> Twelve pilot studies met the inclusion criteria. The highest BBB score was 15, and the best animal performance was tested after the average therapy was on the second week or 14th day. Three pharmacotherapies have fast effectiveness regarding BBB scores: calcitriol, lithium, and valproic acid. As well as a combination of pharmacotherapy therapy with surgical therapy also get significant results. <b>Conclusions:</b> The preliminary findings showed that many inflammatory pathways cause inflammatory agents to have their pathways for inhibition pathways, so they have different ways.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2741367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Test for Discriminating Between Members of the Odd Weibull-G Family of Distributions.","authors":"Boikanyo Makubate","doi":"10.1155/2024/9423417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9423417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Odd Weibull-G (OWG) family of distributions has been discussed earlier in the literature. This family of distributions provides a \"better fit\" in certain practical situations. In a similar fashion, the OWG family of distributions is defined in this article. A method of moments estimator based on the maximum entropy principle is proposed for the discrimination of two members of the OWG family of distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9423417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Landfill Operations on Borehole Water Quality.","authors":"Lyndon N A Sackey, Rita Kwablah, Lawrencia S Y Agyemang","doi":"10.1155/2024/8899070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8899070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water is crucial for life, and although groundwater is considered safe, it can degrade due to inadequate source protection and inefficient resource management. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of landfill operations on water quality from selected landfill sites. Spectrometry analytical techniques were used to assess the physicochemical parameters of the samples. The study found that while Salmonella was absent in most samples, <i>E. coli</i> and total coliforms were present, making the water unsafe for domestic use. Although turbidity, pH, temperature and other parameters were within acceptable GSA/WHO levels, total coliform and <i>E. coli</i> raise concerns about faecal contamination and potential health risks. Cadmium was absent in all samples, but chromium, lead, arsenic and mercury were detected. These heavy metals could pose health hazards to consumers. The samples showed no risk of noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk to consumers, but then there is a potential health risk to consumers over time due to bioaccumulation. Regular monitoring and periodic assessments are recommended to ensure water safety. Proper waste management practices in landfill areas can minimize potential impacts on water quality, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and assessment. The municipal authorities can inform residents of the situation and put in policies to protect human health. The results could help residents know the level of contamination of water from their boreholes and the necessary precautions to take to reduce their health impact. A treatment system can be developed in detail to their peculiar need.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8899070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Pharmaceutical Wastewater.","authors":"Lyndon N A Sackey, Augustine Okobeng, Priscilla Yawa Obidieh, Flora-Marie Mpaka Ngala, Emmanuel Bentum Otoo, Jeremiah Quartey, Joseph A Bentil, David Azanu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5538398","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5538398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The disposal of pharmaceutical wastewater has gained increasing attention due to its potential adverse effects on the environment and public health. This study aims to assess the concentration of pharmaceutical contaminants and their toxicity to aquatic organisms. A qualitative research approach was used. Composite samples were collected from the effluent storage system. Various analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were employed to detect and quantify pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater samples. The results revealed various pharmaceutical compounds (ibuprofen 28 <i>μ</i>g/L, diclofenac 27.20 <i>μ</i>g/L, paracetamol 22.03 <i>μ</i>g/L, and tramadol <0.01 <i>μ</i>g/L) in the wastewater. The maximal environmental concentration (MEC) for all the detected pharmaceuticals was high; hence, the risk quotients (RQs) indicated potential toxicity (RO > 1). It further indicates that the effluent was more toxic to animals (daphnia and fish) than algae (plants). It can be concluded that pharmaceutical effluent was toxic to aquatic organisms. Therefore, there is a need to implement stringent regulatory measures to mitigate untreated pharmaceutical effluent in water bodies. Addressing pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater is crucial to safeguarding the environment and public health in an increasing pharmaceutical use and production era.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5538398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Assessment of Chromium-Boron Hardfacing Using SMAW and FCAW Techniques.","authors":"Chowda Reddy C, K M Kenchi Reddy, C T Jayadeva, Ramesh Kumar S C, R Vara Prasad Kaviti, Abhijit Bhowmik, Chander Prakash","doi":"10.1155/2024/4943983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4943983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper investigates the effectiveness of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) on mild steel substrates for chromium-boron hardfacing. Chromium-boron alloys are hard-wearing and corrosion-resistant materials used in industries where wear resistance is critical. The study aims to identify the best welding technique for increasing surface hardness and wear resistance. Standard test specimens were chosen and deposited using SMAW and FCAW processes. SMAW uses an electrode covered with flux, which turns into a sticky state when heated, while FCAW uses a core wire fabricated from flux, which generates a shielded gas upon melting. The effectiveness of each welding technique is assessed based on deposition efficiency, dilution rate, microstructure, hardness distribution, and wear resistance. This research helps industries choose the most efficient material and method for improving wear and corrosion resistance in applications like mining, construction, agriculture, and manufacturing. On average, FCAW offers a 1.67% improvement in hardness and 28.12% improvement in mass loss reduction when compared to SMAW.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4943983"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11535419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Educational Intervention by Application of PRECEDE-PROCEED Model on Lifestyle Change in Hypertensive Patients.","authors":"Alireza Ghannadi, Fatemeh Mohammadkhah, Pooyan Afzali Harsini, Afsaneh Ghasemi, Amirhossein Kamyab, Ali Khani Jeihooni","doi":"10.1155/2024/5523473","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5523473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> One of the most important causes of cardiovascular disease is hypertension. Lifestyle modification has been emphasized in preventing and controlling blood pressure. This research aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention by application of PRECEDE-PROCEED model on lifestyle change in hypertensive patients in the villages of Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran. <b>Methods:</b> This research is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted on 300 hypertensive patients in 2020-2021. Data gathering tools were a demographic information questionnaire, a questionnaire based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, and a lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ). The educational intervention consisted of ten sessions lasting 45 or 50 min. Before and 6 months after the educational intervention, the two groups each completed a questionnaire. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels, as well as physical exercise and health variables, nutrition and weight control, mental health, and spiritual health were measured before and 6 months after the educational intervention. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups before in cues of PRECEDE-PROCEED model; however, the experimental group had a significant increase in cues of PRECEDE-PROCEED model 6 months after the intervention. The results showed that the experimental group had a significant increase 6 months after the intervention in terms of physical exercise and health variables, nutrition and weight control, mental health, and spiritual health. The mean blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic) in the experimental group was significantly reduced after the intervention. <b>Conclusions:</b> The study's results showed the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on lifestyle change in hypertensive patients. It also highlights the need to pay further attention to the education aimed at controlling hypertension through a healthy lifestyle and correct behavioral habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5523473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace and Heavy Metals in Locally and Imported Spices Sold on Markets in Accra Metropolis, Ghana.","authors":"Isaac Osei-Safo, Kodwo Miezah, Lyndon Nii Adjiri Sackey, Junias Adusei-Gyamfi, Ayamba Malik Abdul","doi":"10.1155/2024/3168279","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3168279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spices enhance food's colour, aroma and palatability. The main objective of this study was to assess the levels of heavy metals in the most common spices used in Ghanaian and worldwide cuisines. Ninety samples were obtained directly from local marketplaces in the Accra Metropolis (Madina, Kaneshie and Makola). After microwave digestion, the samples' levels of arsenic, iron, lead, cadmium and zinc were measured using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Iron, zinc, arsenic, cadmium and lead levels in specified natural spices varied from 0.022 mg/kg to 5.814 mg/kg, 0.056 mg/kg to 0.895 mg/kg, not detected to 14.012 mg/kg, 0.02 mg/kg to 0.45 mg/kg and not detected to 3.583 mg/kg, respectively. The toxic metals arsenic and lead in turmeric powder, whole rosemary and garlic, as well as lead in ginger, were slightly above the Codex, but below the FAO/WHO permissible level. All spices in this study had THQ and HI values of less than one, indicating that consumers will experience no potential health hazards from consuming specific metals through spices. However, continual scrutiny should be maintained over time due to bioaccumulation in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3168279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical Constituents and Bioactivities of <i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i>.","authors":"Keshab Bhattarai, Rabin Bhattarai, Ram Darash Pandey, Babita Paudel, Hari Datta Bhattarai","doi":"10.1155/2024/8895039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8895039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i>, commonly known as Tulsi, is revered in Ayurveda for its extensive medicinal properties. However, there is a need to consolidate current knowledge on its phytochemical constituents and their pharmacological activities to identify potential areas for further research and drug development. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the bioactive secondary metabolites found in <i>O. tenuiflorum</i>, such as rosmarinic acid, oleanolic acid, luteolin, ursolic acid, and limonene, and their associated therapeutic effects. The review will highlight the pharmacological importance of these metabolites, which exhibit antioxidant, neuroprotective, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, this study will explore the plant's wide range of beneficial qualities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholinergic, pain-relieving, antimicrobial, stress-reducing, antidiabetic, anticancer, liver-protective, ulcer-inhibiting, antifungal, and wound-healing attributes. Furthermore, this review focuses on the plant's potential in treating conditions such as asthma, persistent fever, tuberculosis, malaria, skin discoloration, itching, digestive issues, hemorrhoids, bone fractures, gout, urinary tract infection, and diabetes. By reviewing the current literature, the aim is to identify the gaps in the existing research and propose directions for future studies. This comprehensive review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the development and investigation of novel drugs derived from <i>O. tenuiflorum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8895039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}