The Scientific World Journal最新文献

{"title":"A Lingual Agnostic Information Retrieval System.","authors":"Umar Bn Abdullahi, Godspower Osaretin Ekuobase","doi":"10.1155/2024/6949281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6949281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exclusion of monolingual natives from cyberspace is a global socioeconomic and cultural problem. Efforts at addressing this problem have been socioeconomic, culminating in training, empowerment, and digital access with the indelible hurt of language inequities. This paper is aimed at the cyber-inclusion of monolingual natives. Since cyber participation is basically through human interaction with cyber-applications in a human language, encapsulating these applications for interaction in any human language will help evade the hurt of language inequities. Information retrieval system (IRS) remains a fundamental cyber-application. Consequently, adopting the design science research methodology, we introduced a lingual agnostic IRS architecture designed on the principle of transparency on user language detection, information translations, and caching. The detailed design of the architecture was done using the unified modeling language. The designed IRS architecture has been implemented using the agile and component-based software engineering approaches. The resultant lingual agnostic IRS (LAIRS) was evaluated using heuristics and system evaluation methods for parity of language of interaction against the default language and was excellently stable across queries and languages, guaranteeing 86% parity with the default language in the use of other languages for information access and retrieval. Furthermore, it has been shown that LAIRS is the most appropriate IRS to address the problem of language barriers to cyber-inclusion compared with existing IRSs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6949281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation and Performance Evaluation of Jatropha Oil-Biodiesel Blending with Kerosene for Domestic Cooking and Lighting Applications.","authors":"Eshetu Getahun, Kefale Wagaw","doi":"10.1155/2024/7758441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7758441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reducing indoor air pollution and the related costs requires developing efficient cooking and lighting technologies as well as alternative energy sources. The appropriateness of virgin jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, its biodiesel, and the blending of these fuels with kerosene for wick stove lighting and cooking was examined in this study. To describe the fuel performance, a range of blending ratios were examined and characterizations were made of the fuel's density, calorific value, boiling point, viscosity, and rate of fuel consumption. To assess the fuels' thermal degradation behaviors, thermogravimetric and water boiling tests were performed. An air pollution meter was used to describe the levels of indoor air pollution. According to the findings, the virgin oil from Jatropha has a kinematic viscosity of 30.1 mm²/s. The 50% jatropha oil and 80% biodiesel blended with kerosene showed a reduction in viscosity of 72.6% and 46.8%, respectively. The thermal efficiency of the virgin oil, its biodiesel, and blending of these fuels with kerosene was in the range of 10-48%. Complete degradation of jatropha oil, its biodiesel, and 40 : 60 ratio of jatropha biodiesel and kerosene blend was conducted in the temperature range of 480-700 k, 185-280.6 K, and 100-300 K, respectively. The activation energies of jatropha oil, biodiesel, and kerosene blend (40 : 60) were 191.3, 73, and 25 kJ/mol, respectively. The average concentrations of particulate matter and carbon monoxide for pure jatropha oil biodiesel were 209.71 <i>µ</i>g/m³ and 5.5 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, jatropha biodiesel and its blending with kerosene are suitable fuels for cooking and lighting operations in rural communities who are living far from the electrical grid compared with virgin oil fuel.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7758441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Noise Levels of Churches in the Kpone Katamanso Municipal Assembly in Ghana.","authors":"Lyndon N A Sackey, Joel Abugre, Bernard Fei-Baffoe, Ebenezer Y E Amuah, Richmond Yeboah Amoako","doi":"10.1155/2024/6674297","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6674297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different sound levels are encountered by pastors, ministers, and the whole congregation during church services, which may extend for hours, and also by people living close to these churches. This can have an adverse effect on their health. The maximum allowable noise level in worship places is 65 dB (A), according to the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA). The aim of the study was to quantify the noise pollution levels of the churches in Kpone Katamanso Municipal Assembly (KKMA) and assess the equivalent noise levels of the churches' indoor and outdoor spaces. This investigation is being conducted due to the high number of churches and the noise emanating from these churches in the Kpone Katamanso Municipality and the possible impact on human health. Thirty churches were chosen at random for the study; on Sundays between the hours of 7.30 and 12.0 pm, sound levels in churches were measured using a portable General Class 1 Meter type DSM403SD with a data logging system. MS Excel was used to evaluate the data and determine characteristics including noise exposure levels (NEL), background noise level (<i>L</i> ₉₀), severe noise level (<i>L</i> ₁₀), and equivalent noise level (<i>L</i> _eq). The indoor equivalent noise level ranges from 74.5 dB (A) to 104.1 dB (A), and the outdoor equivalent noise level ranges from 52.6 dB (A) to 85.3 dB (A). All of the noise levels found indoors of the churches were greater than the 65 dB (A) safe allowable limit, putting the congregants and residents at risk for a variety of physiological and psychological problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6674297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11272399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic Activity, Phytochemical Analysis, and Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Combined Ethanolic Extract of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> and <i>Muntingia calabura</i> Leaves.","authors":"Agustinus Widodo, Evi Sulastri, Ihwan Ihwan, Mohamad Hadi Cahyadi, Saipul Maulana, Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair","doi":"10.1155/2024/3607396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3607396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> is known for its capacity to regulate blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes, while <i>Muntingia calabura</i> leaves have a traditional history as an alternative therapy due to their antidiabetic compounds. The combination of these two plants is expected to yield more optimized antidiabetic agents. This study aims to assess the antidiabetic activity of the combined ethanolic extract of <i>S. polyanthum</i> and <i>M. calabura</i> leaves by measuring the <i>in vitro</i> inhibition of the <i>α</i>-glucosidase enzyme and the blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced rats and to determine the phytochemical contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and quercetine as marker compounds. Acute oral toxicity test was also evaluated. Both plants were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. Various combinations of <i>S. polyanthum</i> and <i>M. calabura</i> leaves extracts (1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, 1 : 3, and 1 : 2) were prepared. The <i>in vitro</i> test, along with the total phenolic and total flavonoid content, were measured by using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while quercetine levels were quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The <i>in vivo</i> and acute toxicity tests were performed on rats as an animal model. The findings demonstrated that the 1 : 1 combination of <i>S. polyanthum</i> and <i>M. calabura</i> leaves ethanolic extract displayed the highest enzyme inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 36.43 <i>µ</i>g/mL. Moreover, the combination index (CI) was found <1 that indicates the synergism effect. This combination also decreases the blood glucose level in rats after 28 days of treatments without significant difference with positive control glibenclamide (<i>p</i> > 0.005), and it had medium lethal doses (LD₅₀) higher than 2000 mg/kg BW. Phytochemical analysis showed that the levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and quercetine were 30.81% w/w, 1.37% w/w, and 3.25 mg/g, respectively. These findings suggest the potential of combined ethanolic extracts of <i>S. polyanthum</i> and <i>M. calabura</i> leaves (1 : 1) as raw materials for herbal antidiabetic medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3607396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Acute Toxicity of Scorpion <i>Leiurus macroctenus</i> Venom in Rats.","authors":"Valery Gunas, Oleksandr Maievskyi, Nataliia Raksha, Tetiana Vovk, Oleksiy Savchuk, Serhii Shchypanskyi, Igor Gunas","doi":"10.1155/2024/9746092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9746092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The expansion of the territory of human habitation leads to inevitable interference in the natural range of distribution of one or another species of animals, some of which may be dangerous for human life. Scorpions-the Arachnida class and order Scorpiones-can be considered as such typical representatives. Scorpions of the Buthidae family pose a particular danger to humans. However, LD₅₀ has not yet been defined for many species of this family, in particular, new representatives of the genus <i>Leiurus</i>. <i>Leiurus macroctenus</i> is a newly described species of scorpion distributed in Oman, and the toxicity of its venom is still unknown. Estimating the LD₅₀ of the venom is the first and most important step in creating the antivenom and understanding the medical significance of the researched animal species. The purpose of this study was to determine the lethal dose (LD₁₀₀), the maximum tolerated dose (LD₀), and the average lethal dose (LD₅₀) in rats when using <i>Leiurus macroctenus</i> scorpion venom.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>15 sexually mature scorpions were used in the study, which were kept in the same conditions and milked by a common method (electric milking). For the study, 60 male rats were used, which were injected intramuscularly with 0.5 ml of venom solution with a gradual increase in the dose (5 groups, 10 rats in each), and 10 rats were injected intramuscularly with physiological solution as control group. LD calculations were done using probit analysis method in the modification of the method by V.B. Prozorovsky. The LD₀ of <i>Leiurus macroctenus</i> scorpion venom under the conditions of intramuscular injection was 0.02 mg/kg, LD₁₀₀ was 0.13 mg/kg, and LD₅₀ was 0.08 ± 0.01 mg/kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The analysis of scientific publications and other sources of information gives reason to believe that <i>Leiurus macroctenus</i> has one of the highest values of LD₅₀ not only among scorpions but also among all arthropods in the world. All these point to the significant clinical importance of this species of scorpion and require further research that will concern the toxic effect of its venom on various organ systems. Determining the LD50 of the venom for new scorpion species is crucial for creating effective antivenoms and understanding the medical implications of envenomation by this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9746092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Boer Goat x Indigenous Goat Crossbreeding on Reproductive Performance and Farmer Perceptions in Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Kebede Habtegiorgis, Debir Legesse, Mohamed Bikamo","doi":"10.1155/2024/6637667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6637667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crossbreeding aims to increase the productivity of local or indigenous animals by introducing exotic breeds. This study aims to assess the effects of crossbreeding using 50% Boer bucks crossed with Ethiopian indigenous Woyto-Guji goats and to evaluate farmers' perceptions towards crossbred kids. Data were collected from five purposively selected districts in southern Ethiopia. Personal interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and field observations were employed to gather information on the goat production systems and farmers' perceptions. The mean ± SD of goat flock size in the study area were 7.31 ± 5.89 heads per household (HH) with larger flock sizes observed in the Alaba zone (10.32 ± 6.56). Goats in the studied areas were primarily kept for income generation. The average age at first kidding was 11.3 ± 1.3 months. Relatively better management practices were observed for crossbred goats in the Alaba, Loko Abaya, and Gurage zones. Respondent farmers highly appreciated Boer crossbred goats due to their superior perception of attractive coat color (4.39 times greater, <i>P</i> < 0.001), docile behavior (3.59 times greater, <i>P</i> < 0.001), fast growth rate (1.64 times greater, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and market preference (5.81 times greater, <i>P</i> < 0.001). However, susceptibility to disease and drought was considered as drawbacks of crossbred kids in the studied areas. It was also reported that crossbreed goats fetched better prices than indigenous goats of a similar age group and under the same management system. All visited farmers expressed a strong interest in crossbreeding. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Boer crossbred goats perform well in southern Ethiopia. Therefore, the continued production of crossbred kids can be disseminated to these areas. Additionally, it is suggested to consider the interests of goat producers in the remaining areas. Integrated improved management systems need to be implemented to enhance the survival of crossbred kids. Sustainable training programs should be organized for goat keepers, focusing on aspects such as crossbreeding, minimizing inbreeding, buck rotation, and improved feeding and management practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6637667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Analyses of Developed Friction Stir Spot Welding (DFSSW) Based on Systematic Design Process Approach.","authors":"Wassan S Abd Al-Sahb, Suhair G Hussein, M N Mohammed, Oday I Abdullah","doi":"10.1155/2024/8183490","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8183490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research paper presents a developed technique for Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) to join similar aluminum sheets (6061), and then this technique was analyzed critically based on numerical simulation and experimental work. The objective of this Developed Friction Stir Spot Welding (DFSSW) is to avoid or at least reduce the keyhole defects by optimizing the design parameters of the process. The coupling problem (thermomechanical) was solved numerically using the finite element method to find the variations of temperatures and stress distributions in addition to the applied forces by the tool. Different parameters were considered in the numerical analysis, such as rotational speed and plunge depth. The experimental results proved the success of the developed technique by comparing the available results of tensile shear force with the results of other researchers that applied the traditional FSSW. It was obtained the highest tensile shear force (2388 N) under the optimal working and design conditions, when the rotational speed, plunging depth, height, and diameter of the sliced disc were 2100 rpm, 0.3 mm, 3.5 mm, and 12 mm, respectively. It was found that both the diameter and height of the sliced disc are significant parameters that ensure the success of this new technique when selecting the suitable values for these parameters. Otherwise, selecting unsuitable values of these parameters leads to appearing defects (e.g., flash) or the sample will fail under a low level of tensile shear force. The other essential advantage outcome point of this new technique was reducing the defect of the keyhole significantly compared with the results of typical Friction Stir Spot Welding. According to the results of the promising developed welding procedure that can be automated, it can be used widely in the industrial sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8183490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic Profile and Risk Factors for the Evolution of Patients with COVID-19 in ICUs in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Joelma Greicy Fernandes Lira, Ricardo Alves de Olinda, Gustavo Correia Basto da Silva, Luzibênia Leal de Oliveira, Raimunda Leite de Alencar Neta, Nívea Vilar Cardoso, Fernando Adami, Laércio da Silva Paiva","doi":"10.1155/2024/2927407","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2927407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a cross-sectional study, with secondary data from Brazilian hospitals in the state of Paraíba, between January 2021 and January 2022. The evolution of clinical cases configured the dependent variable (cure or death), while the predictive variables were sociodemographic data, risk factors, use of ventilatory support, and vaccination against COVID-19. With the help of R software, the following tests were used: chi-square, Pearson's chi-square, and Fisher's exact adherence. Simple logistic regression models were constructed, and odds ratios (95% CI) were estimated using the LR test and Wald test. 7373 cases were reported, with a mean age of 58.1. Of the reported cases, 63.8% died. The most frequent sociodemographic profile included male people, of mixed race, with less than eight years of schooling. Chronic cardiovascular disease (OR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.13-1.45), diabetes (OR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.24-1.61), lung disease (OR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.11-2.09), and the use of invasive ventilatory support (OR 14.1; 95% CI: 10.56-18.59) were all associated with increased mortality. Nonvaccination was associated with a decreased risk of death (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.65-0.84). Male patients, nonwhite, and those with low education were more likely to have a worse clinical outcome. The risk factors studied were related to deaths, and those who did not require ventilatory support were related to cure.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2927407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11262879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biochar Amendment Improves Tomato Growth and Yield under Deficit Irrigation in Sandy Loam Soil in Senegal.","authors":"Simeon Diedhiou, Alassane Maiga, Philippe B Himbane, Maduabuchi P Iboko, Lat Grand Ndiaye, Ibrahima Diedhiou","doi":"10.1155/2024/9945354","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9945354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor agricultural soil management practices and water use optimisation in irrigation are major challenges facing crop production in Senegal. To address these problems, a factorial experiment was conducted in 2021 and 2022 to investigate the effects of biochar on tomato growth and yield in sandy loam soil under different irrigation levels. Treatments included three biochar treatments (B2 = 30 t·ha^-1, B1 = 15 t·ha^-1, and B0 = 0 t·ha^-1) and three irrigation levels (full irrigation, W0 = 8 L·m^-2·day^-1; medium deficit irrigation, W1 = 6 L·m^-2·day^-1, which is 75% of W0; and deficit irrigation, W2 = 4 L·m^-2·day^-1, 50% of W0). The results showed that using biochar at 30 t·ha^-1 significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduced the bulk density of the soil by up to 8.3% under W1. In addition, biochar at 15 t·ha^-1 and 30 t·ha^-1 enhanced, regardless of the amount of water applied, the growth of tomato plants by at least 14% compared to that in the B0 treatment. Furthermore, the tomatoes' yields in biochar treatments B1 (12.58 t·ha^-1) and B2 (12.45 t·ha^-1) under W2 were greater than those under B0 (9.27 t·ha^-1) under full irrigation. The combinations of biochar and the lowest irrigation water level (W2 and B1 or W2 and B2) can therefore allow a water economy of up to 50% of full irrigation without compromising yield. Our study concluded that biochar could sustainably reduce agricultural water consumption while increasing yields. To further understand the influence of biochar on sandy loam soil, more research is needed on its effects on soil moisture content at permanent wilting points and field capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"9945354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11257754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing the High-Risk Behaviors of Injecting Drug Users in Iran: Application Theory of Planned Behavior.","authors":"Ali Khani Jeihooni, Fatemeh Mohammadkhah, Mostafa Bijani, Pooyan Afzali Harsini","doi":"10.1155/2024/4660336","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4660336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Injection risk behavior is a major predictor of HIV infection. The present study was conducted to survey the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on changing high-risk behaviors (the high-risk behaviors of injecting and behaviors of transmitting blood diseases to others) of injecting drug users under the coverage of addiction harm reduction centers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is an experimental research on 120 drug addicts in 2021-2022. Two addiction harm reduction centers in Fasa City, Iran, were chosen randomly (one as the test group and the other as the control group). The data collection tool is made up of two parts. The first part is a questionnaire on demographics. The second part is a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior, which was made using information from different sources and studies. The training program was set up based on the pretest results and the theory of planned behavior for the test group. Before and six months after the educational intervention, the experimental and control groups filled out the questionnaire. With a significance level of 0.05, the independent <i>t</i>, chi-square, and paired <i>t</i> statistical tests were used to examine the data using the SPSS 22 program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the test group, the average age of addicts was 37.42 ± 10.55 years, while in the control group, the average age was 38.36 ± 10.09 years (<i>p</i>=0.244). Six months after the educational intervention, all TPB theory's constructs (knowledge, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior of injecting drug users) were higher in the test group than in the control group (<i>p</i>=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show the effect of this educational intervention in reducing high-risk behaviors related to injection in injection drug addicts, so it is suggested as a useful method to reduce high-risk injection behaviors in these people.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4660336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11254463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}