The Scientific World Journal最新文献

{"title":"Discovery of Bioactive Properties in the Seagrass <i>Ruppia maritima</i> Extract: A Triplatform Assessment of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Analgesic Activities.","authors":"Inun Nahar Payel, Md Tanvir Chowdhury, Md Safayat Hossen Momen, Qurratul Ain Sadia, Nazmul Hasan Eshaque, Md Jahirul Islam Mamun, Suman Das, Fatema Tuz Zohra, Md Jakaria Parvez, S M Moazzem Hossen","doi":"10.1155/tswj/5452807","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tswj/5452807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ruppia maritima</i>, a seagrass, was investigated for its potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and analgesic activities. The acetone extract of its leaves (AERM) was studied using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. To determine its secondary metabolites, the total phenolic and flavonoid content was measured. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, while antidiabetic potential was assessed through the alpha-amylase inhibition assay. The disc diffusion method was used to examine antibacterial effects, and cytotoxicity was determined using both the brine shrimp lethality assay and the MTT assay on HeLa cells. Analgesic activity was tested via the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test. Quantitative analysis revealed that AERM contained 19.04 ± 1.91 mg/g of phenolics and 14.71 ± 1.09 mg/g of flavonoids. The extract demonstrated antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 87.92 <i>μ</i>g/mL (DPPH) and 209.75 <i>μ</i>g/mL (ABTS). Antidiabetic testing indicated an IC₅₀ of 132.05 <i>μ</i>g/mL, likely due to <i>α</i>-amylase inhibition. Strong antibacterial effects were observed, with efficacy comparable to the standard drug pefloxacin. In cytotoxicity assays, AERM showed an LC₅₀ of 31.41 <i>μ</i>g/mL in brine shrimp and a dose-dependent reduction in HeLa cell viability. At doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, AERM produced significant analgesic effects (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in both the acetic acid and formalin-induced pain models. Molecular docking and ADME/T analyses suggested high binding affinities, good pharmacokinetic properties, and a nontoxic profile. Overall, the results indicate that AERM has promising pharmacological potential as a natural therapeutic agent. However, further studies with larger sample sizes, repeated trials, and broader dose-response evaluations in various animal models are essential to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5452807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12674862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zero-Dose Vaccination Among Children Aged 12-35 Months in Ethiopia.","authors":"Habtemu Jarso, Daniel Yohannes, Tsige Gebru, Lalisa Kebebe, Taye Mengistu, Demeke Tolera, Buli Teshite, Biftu Geda","doi":"10.1155/tswj/4373651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tswj/4373651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions worldwide. Approximately 62% of zero-dose children live in just 10 countries, including Ethiopia. In West Arsi Zone, findings from the rapid convenient survey (RCS) were inconsistent with DHIS-2 reports.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to determine the proportion of zero-dose vaccination and identify associated factors among children aged 12-35 months in West Arsi Zone, June-August 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study on 1456 children selected using multistage stratified random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with mothers/caretakers and record reviews using an ODK questionnaire. Data were cleaned and analyzed in Stata 16. Binary logistic regression identified factors associated with zero-dose vaccination. Variables with <i>p</i> < 0.25 and practical significance were included in multivariable regression; statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of zero-dose vaccination was 9.62% (8.10-11.13). The main reasons included unawareness of the need for vaccination (29.57%) and unavailability of the vaccines/vaccinators (15.59%). Factors associated with higher odds of zero-dose vaccination were as follows: living in kebeles where health posts lacked refrigerators (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.25-3.45), communities without social mobilization for immunization (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.44-4.80), caregiver unawareness of HEWs (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.02-3.07), poor immunization knowledge (AOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.83-5.21), negative (AOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 2.25-7.97), or neutral attitude (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.36-7.52) toward immunization, waiting times > 30 min (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.67-4.97), lack of health education at the facility (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.44-4.27), mothers with no ANC (AOR = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.32-7.16), home delivery (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 2.30-7.20), and female children (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.10-2.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Zero-dose vaccination is consistent with RCS findings and is unacceptably high compared to the national targets (100% Pentavalent 1 coverage nationally; 98% per district). Interventions should focus on increasing community awareness, ensuring vaccines and vaccinator availability, and promoting equal care for male and female children.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4373651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12657096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Haloalkaliphilic Nitrile-Degrading Bacteria From Soda Lake Soil of Rift Valley Kenya.","authors":"Meir Dayan Akinyi, Romano Mwirichia, Julius Mugweru, Njogu M Kimani","doi":"10.1155/tswj/3126129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/tswj/3126129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nitrile biotransformation has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its widespread applications in various industries. This study is aimed at investigating the ability of haloalkaliphilic bacteria from extremely haloalkaline lakes in Kenya to produce unique nitrilases with nitrile-degrading potential.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A combination of enrichment and isolation was done on a mineral supplemented with either butyronitrile or isobutyronitrile, colorimetric assays, nesslerization method, Bertholet reaction, and molecular characterization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty bacterial isolates were recovered, of which 14 exhibited 6 nitrilase and 8 nitrile hydratase enzyme activities. The isolates, affiliated with <i>Bacillus agaradhaerens</i>, <i>Bacillus halodurans</i>, <i>Bacillus xiamenensis</i>, <i>Bacillus cellulosilyticus</i>, <i>Nesterenkonia alba</i>, <i>Nesterenkonia aethopica</i>, <i>Nesterenkonia</i> sp. YIM, <i>Alkalilimnicola</i> sp. AKP2, and <i>Alkalilimnicola haloduran</i> species, demonstrated optimal growth at pH 8.0-9.0, 5% salt concentration, and 28°C-40°C temperature. Notably, the nitrilase and nitrile hydratase enzymes exhibited optimal pH activity at 7.0-7.5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies novel bacterial isolates from Kenyan soda lakes with the ability to produce nitrilase and nitrile hydratase enzymes, which can be utilized for the hydrolysis of nitrile to carboxylic acid, ammonia, and amide.</p><p><strong>Significance and impact of study: </strong>The identification of bacterial strains capable of degrading nitriles into acids and amide compounds that are environmentally safe and beneficial to the green industry highlights a promising approach for mitigating the harmful effects of toxic nitriles in the environment. Biodegradation of nitriles by bacteria from soda lakes offers a sustainable solution to reduce ecological damage. Techniques such as enzymatic assays, colorimetric methods, the Berthelot reaction, and the two-step nesslerization method are essential for isolating and characterizing nitrile-degrading bacteria. The discovery of these biocatalysts not only advances green catalyst research but also holds significant potential for applications in organic synthesis, biotechnology, and environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3126129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12657091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Phytochemical Analysis of Three Commonly Consumed Wild Edible Plants in Dibatie District, Western Ethiopia.","authors":"Baressa Anbessa, Ermias Lulekal, Ariaya Hymete, Paulos Getachew","doi":"10.1155/tswj/6658147","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tswj/6658147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wild edible plants supplement households' food supply as seasonal or emergency foods in different communities of Ethiopia. However, local people consume them without considering their nutritional values.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study is aimed at evaluating the nutritional value, antinutritional, antioxidant, and phytochemical profiles of <i>Saba comorensis</i> (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon fruits, <i>Syzygium guineense</i> (Wild.) DC. subsp. <i>macrocarpum</i> (Engl.) F. White fruits, and <i>Dioscorea praehensilis</i> Benth. tubers consumed in Dibatie district, western Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Juices of edible plants were used to determine pH, acidity, and total soluble solid. Lyophilized powders were analyzed to determine vitamin C, proximate composition, minerals, antinutritional factors, antioxidant capacity, and phytoconstituents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>S. comorensis</i> fruits had the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) acidity, vitamin C, and total soluble solid. The studied plants contained 2.50%-15.50% crude fiber, 0.75%-4.00% crude fat, 4.38%-10.50% crude protein, 59.63%-68.83% carbohydrate, and 267.75%-324.08 kcal/100 g energy. The studied plants had minerals like calcium (522.27-995.04 mg/100 g), iron (19.80-111.94 mg/100 g), magnesium (923.25-1592.18 mg/100 g), manganese (0.50-5.72 mg/100 g), potassium (591.69-1357.71 mg/100 g), sodium (0.60-17.17 mg/100 g), and zinc (1.00-1.74 mg/100 g). The tested plants had 65.11-70.67 mg/100 g phytates, 170.00-790.00 mg/100 g oxalates, and 196.51-11147.55 mg CE/100 g tannins. <i>S. comorensis</i> fruits showed substantial DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.07 mg/mL, because they were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the highest in phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The investigated plants were rich suppliers of valuable macro- and micronutrients and phytochemicals, along with considerable antinutritional and antioxidant properties. Thus, they require special conservation and management measures for sustainable usage by the local communities and Ethiopian people as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6658147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12643722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Nutrient Management Strategies for Sustainable Crop Productivity in a Changing Climate: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Arebu Hussen Yimer, Akos Tarnawa","doi":"10.1155/tswj/7101060","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tswj/7101060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change poses significant challenges to global food security by disrupting agricultural nutrient dynamics through increased temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. These changes threaten crop productivity, soil health, and environmental sustainability. Traditional nutrient management practices, often reliant on excessive chemical fertilizer use, contribute to nutrient losses, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. This review systematically analyzes 65 peer-reviewed studies (1998-2024) selected using PRISMA guidelines, supplemented by bibliometric tools, to evaluate nutrient management strategies under climate change. The results highlight climate change's multifaceted impacts on soil nutrient cycles, microbial activity, crop physiology, and crop yield. Elevated temperatures and CO₂ levels alter nutrient availability and reduce grain quality, while erratic rainfall patterns exacerbate nutrient losses through leaching and runoff. Conventional fertilizer practices are shown to be inefficient and environmentally harmful, prompting a shift toward integrated nutrient management, precision agriculture, and biofertilizers. Emerging strategies such as slow- and controlled-release fertilizers, site-specific nutrient management, and decision support systems significantly improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Conservation agriculture and organic amendments further enhance soil health and resilience. The discussion highlights that integrated and adaptive nutrient management frameworks, supported by technology and agroecological practices, are critical for maintaining high productivity while minimizing environmental impacts under climate change. These approaches collectively support sustainable crop production, mitigate climate impacts, and promote long-term soil fertility. The review concludes that nutrient management is central to climate-smart agriculture and offers actionable insights for researchers, farmers, and policymakers aiming to secure food systems in a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7101060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12638156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145588935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Novel Cancer Therapeutics and Current Research Trends.","authors":"Abimbola Mary Oluwajembola, Suleiman Zakari, Wisdom D Cleanclay, Timothy Ayeni, Adewale Adebosoye, Olayinka S Okoh, Joshua Folamade, Inalegwu Bawa, Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana","doi":"10.1155/tswj/5056618","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tswj/5056618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The unchecked growth and spread of aberrant cells describe a widely diverse collection of disorders that collectively constitute cancer. Conventional therapies for cancer, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, have increased the chances of survival significantly in most patients. These traditional methods usually result in low tumor or tumor cell specificity, significant systemic toxicity, and the development of drug resistance. This review summarizes updates in cancer therapy, some of which include cutting-edge therapies represented by CAR-T therapy, targeted therapies, gene therapy, arginine-depriving therapy, mitochondria-targeted therapies, neutrophil-targeted therapies, and the latest PROTAC technology for proteolysis-targeting chimera. It has emphasized mechanisms underlying these new therapeutic strategies and their translational potential for treating human cancers. We further discuss, for each approach, the challenges, limitations, side effects, and delivery systems. The review proceeds with a dynamic change in the landscape of cancer research in biology, where machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly important to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer and treatment responses. We also describe the potential of stem cell therapy, metabolomics, and novel drug delivery systems toward better patient outcomes. The paper pulls together some of the current research findings and results of clinical trials in new therapeutic developments and emerging areas of research that hold out exciting promises for the future progress of cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5056618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12629702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakthroughs and Opportunities of Biopolymer Coatings: A Bibliometric Analysis on Their Future Prospects for the Sustainable Food Packaging Industry.","authors":"Huda Mohamad Elmatsani, Wahyu Bahari Setianto, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Heryoki Yohanes, Nur Sri Wahyuni, Rudiyono Rudiyono, Puji Astuti, Eko Bhakti Susetyo, Mochammad Jusuf Djafar, Astuti Astuti, Arief Arianto, Lanjar Lanjar","doi":"10.1155/tswj/5337593","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tswj/5337593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic packaging poses significant environmental challenges due to its resistance to natural degradation. In response, there has been a growing body of research dedicated to developing sustainable packaging alternatives, particularly those based on biodegradable materials. Biopolymer-based packaging is widely recognized for its enhanced environmental compatibility, owing to its capacity for natural decomposition and reduced ecological footprint. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of recent advancements in biopolymer coatings for food packaging, with a focus on their potential to enhance food safety, quality, and shelf life. Analysis of publications from 2015 to 2024 indicates a substantial and consistent rise in scholarly output related to biopolymer-based packaging solutions, driven by global efforts to mitigate plastic waste and its associated environmental impacts. The findings suggest that the future trajectory of biodegradable packaging research should emphasize the development of materials that simultaneously support human health and environmental sustainability. Bibliometric mapping identified polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), chitosan, and cellulose-based polymers as key areas of innovation, highlighting their increasing prominence and interdisciplinary research significance. These materials are notable for their biodegradability, and many also exhibit intrinsic functional properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities-attributes that are highly desirable in food packaging applications. Biopolymer coatings, in particular, have demonstrated excellent barrier properties, including controlled permeability to moisture and oxygen, which are critical for maintaining food integrity. Such coatings contribute to extended shelf life by minimizing dehydration and oxidative damage while concurrently offering protection against microbial contamination. Despite the promising functional characteristics of these materials, several challenges continue to hinder their widespread adoption. Key barriers include high production costs, the limited availability of industrial composting infrastructure, and the general lack of consumer awareness regarding appropriate disposal practices. Addressing these challenges will require coordinated efforts across research, industry, and policy domains. To enable scalable implementation, future innovation must achieve critical advancements in materials science, biopolymer production efficiency, and regulatory alignment. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach will be essential to realize the full potential of biopolymer coatings as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastic packaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5337593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12629704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical Survey and Documentation of Medicinal Plants Used to Manage Snakebite Envenomation in Nyatike Subcounty, Migori County, Kenya.","authors":"Prince Ojuka, George S Nyamato, Cleydson B R Santos, Njogu M Kimani","doi":"10.1155/tswj/5556367","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tswj/5556367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Ethnobotanical relevance: </strong>Traditional medicine plays a crucial role in managing snakebite envenomation (SBE) among the people of Nyatike subcounty. This region is particularly important for such a study due to its high incidence of snakebite cases, limited access to healthcare facilities, and strong reliance on indigenous knowledge systems. However, the medicinal plants used for this purpose remain largely undocumented, leading to a lack of scientific investigation. The absence of proper documentation poses a risk of losing this valuable knowledge, as it is primarily passed down orally within trusted families. There is a growing concern that this traditional wisdom may be lost over time due to death, aging of knowledge holders, or declining interest among younger generations.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>This study sought to identify and document the medicinal herbs most commonly used to manage SBE in Nyatike subcounty. By capturing this ethnobotanical knowledge, the study seeks to promote the preservation of folk medicine and provide a foundation for future pharmacological investigations into their potential antivenom properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted between December 2024 and January 2025, involving approximately 60 purposefully selected respondents. To document local knowledge on medicinal plants, the study utilized oral interviews, field walks, and semistructured questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen medicinal plant species from seven different families were identified and documented for managing SBE in Nyatike subcounty. The Asteraceae family was the most represented, with four species. Key patterns revealed that the most frequently cited species, <i>Combretum collinum</i> Fresen (RFC = 0.75), <i>Bidens pilosa</i> L. (RFC = 0.42), <i>Ozoroa insignis</i> Delile (RFC = 0.33), and <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> (Hemsl.) A. Gray (RFC = 0.22), are readily accessible, fast-acting, and commonly used by traditional healers to manage SBE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the extensive use of medicinal plants for SBE management in Nyatike subcounty due to the limitations associated with accessing conventional antivenom. These plants may offer promising leads for the development of plant-based antivenoms, either as complementary or as alternative therapies to current treatments. Further research is necessary to isolate the bioactive compounds present in these plants, assess their safety profiles, and evaluate their antivenom potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5556367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12615033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145542291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of In Vivo Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Properties of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Annona reticulata</i> Linn.","authors":"Tasnia Binte Bari Kabbo, Md Sohel Rana, Pritesh Ranjan Dash","doi":"10.1155/tswj/4535663","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tswj/4535663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Annona reticulata</i> Linn.'s aqueous leaf extract was studied for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and wound healing potentials in animal models. Comprehensive in vivo studies were conducted in a mouse model using three well-established methods for evaluating analgesic potential; in all three studies, the aqueous extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight doses showed significant and promising effects. A 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous fraction, in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, demonstrated 75% inhibition of pain; in the hot plate test, exhibited 80% analgesic efficacy (90 min later of taking dose); and in the formalin-induced paw licking test, exhibited inhibition of pain responses values of 32.31% and 66.61% in acute and chronic phases, respectively. By performing the xylene-induced ear edema method and the cotton pellet-induced granuloma test, notable anti-inflammatory potential was also found in the test fraction. Two hundred and 400 mg/kg dosages of aqueous leaf fraction reduced ear edema and granuloma brought on by xylene and cotton pellets (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Remarkable wound healing activity was also noted in the test extract in the burn wound model; the observed epithelialisation period for 10% ointment of aqueous extract was 13 ± 0.32 days, whereas the epithelialisation period for standard medication silver sulfadiazine was 14.20 ± 0.38 days. Moreover, probable components responsible for achieving these potentials were identified by utilising GC-MS analytical data.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4535663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12623095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145550939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Diversity in the Ethiopian Orthodox Churches and Monasteries in the Case of Jer Silase Monastery in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Tamenut Desalegn, Chalachew Alemneh, Guta Diriba, Geleta Shasho","doi":"10.1155/tswj/2958149","DOIUrl":"10.1155/tswj/2958149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethiopian Orthodox churches and monasteries help as critical biodiversity sanctuaries, mainly for bird species. The study was carried out in and around Jer Silase Monastery between October and January of 2021 using a stratified sample design by dividing the study area into four habitat types: riverine, cliff, natural forest, and farmland. Both the transect and point count method techniques were employed. A total of nine transects and 96-point stations methodically created. Of the transects, five were applied in the cliff habitat and four were in the riverine. Of the point stations, 51 were applied in the natural forest and 45 were applied at the farmland. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. A total of 116 species, belonging to 16 orders and 49 families, were recorded during the study period. Four species, namely, Abyssinian catbird, Abyssinian woodpecker, Harwood's francolin, and yellow-fronted parrot, are unique to Ethiopia, while the scavengers white-backed vultures and hooded vultures are critically endangered species. In all four habitat categories, there were significant differences in the mean abundance of bird species (<i>p</i> = 0.001). There was no visible variation in bird species abundance between the wet and dry seasons (<i>p</i> = 0.085). During the dry season, the cliff had the lowest diversity index (<i>H</i>' = 2.33), while the natural forest had the highest diversity (<i>H</i>' = 4.24). The natural forest had the maximum diversity (<i>H</i>' = 4.16) during the rainy season, whereas the cliff habitat had the lowest diversity (<i>H</i>' = 2.94). During the dry season, the highest evenness (<i>J</i> = 0.85) was recorded at the riverine, and the least evenness (<i>J</i> = 0.39) was recorded at the cliff. Also, during the wet season, the highest evenness (<i>J</i> = 0.72) was recorded in the natural forest, and the least (<i>J</i> = 0.57) was recorded at the cliff. Enhancing community-based protection and integration traditional spiritual values with contemporary conservation strategies is essential for safeguarding bird species and their habitats in the current study area as well as in other Ethiopian monasteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":22985,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific World Journal","volume":"2025 ","pages":"2958149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12602040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}