Theoretical and Applied Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Melatonin enhances salt tolerance by promoting CcCAD10-mediated lignin biosynthesis in pigeon pea.","authors":"Feng Pan, Hongquan Li, Ming Qu, Xiaoli An, Jie Yang, Yujie Fu","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04846-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04846-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin plays a crucial role in enhancing plant resistance to salt stress by regulating biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. Phenylpropanoids, especially lignin, contribute to all aspects of plant responses toward biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the crosstalk between melatonin and lignin is largely unknown in pigeon pea under salt stress. In this study, the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase CcCAD10 was identified to be involved in melatonin treatment and salt stress. The content of lignin was significantly increased in CcCAD10 over-expression (OE) lines, the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating enhanced salt resistance. As a parallel branch of the lignin synthesis pathway, the content of flavonoids was further determined. The accumulations of luteolin, genistin, genistein, biochain A, apigenin and isovitexin were down-regulated in CcCAD10-OE hairy root. The results indicate that CcCAD10-OE mediated carbon flow from the phenylalanine pathway is redirected to the lignin pathway at the expense of less carbon flow in the flavonoid pathway, enhancing the salt-tolerance. Furthermore, we found the exogenous melatonin stimulated endogenous melatonin production mainly by upregulating the expression of CcASMT2 gene. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which melatonin enhances salt tolerance in pigeon pea, which laid a foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism of melatonin in salt stress response.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study reveals genetic loci for seed density per silique in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).","authors":"Youjuan Quan, Haidong Liu, Kaixiang Li, Liang Xu, Zhigang Zhao, Lu Xiao, Yanmei Yao, Dezhi Du","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04857-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04857-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Two stable QTLs controlling seed density per silique were detected on chromosomes A09 and C05 in rapeseed via GWAS, and ARF18 was the only causal gene of QTL qSDPS-A09. Seed density per silique (SDPS) is a key agronomic trait that directly or indirectly affects seed yield in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Exploring the genetic control of SDPS is beneficial for increasing rapeseed production. In this study, we evaluated the SDPS phenotypes of 413 rapeseed cultivars (lines) across five natural environments and genotyped them by resequencing. A GWAS analysis was performed using 5,277,554 high-quality variants with the MLM_PCA + K and FarmCPU models. A total of 51 loci were identified to be significantly (p < - log₁₀(1.88 × 10^-6)) associated with SDPS, of which 5 were detected in all environments (except for SNP-2095656) by both GWAS models. Among the five loci, three were located on chromosome A09, whereas the other two loci were located on chromosome C05. The three loci on chromosome A09 and the two loci on chromosome C05 were physically close to each other. Therefore, only the two common candidate QTLs were integrated and named QTL qSDPS-A09 (320 kb) and qSDPS-C05 (331.48 kb), respectively. Sixty-seven and forty-eight candidate genes were initially identified on A09 and C05 and then narrowed down to 17 and 13 candidate genes, respectively, via LD block analyses. Gene-based association studies, haplotype analyses and expression analyses confirmed that three homologs of Arabidopsis auxin-response factor 18 (BnaA09G0559300ZS) was the most likely candidate genes underlying the QTL qSDPS-A09. ARF18^Hap4 was identified as a favorable haplotype for high SDPS. These findings will aid in elucidating the genetic and molecular mechanisms of SDPS and promoting genetic modifications in rapeseed breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The speed breeding technology of five generations per year in cotton.","authors":"Guoning Wang, Zhengwen Sun, Jun Yang, Qingming Ma, Xingyi Wang, Huifeng Ke, Xiao Huang, Li Zhang, Gengyao Wang, Qishen Gu, Dongmei Zhang, Jinhua Wu, Yan Zhang, Liqiang Wu, Guiyin Zhang, Zhiying Ma, Xingfen Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04837-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04837-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Developed a speed breeding technique for cotton that enables up to five generations per year using optimized spectral conditions and immature embryo culture, and created new materials with iaaM gene. Shortening the breeding cycle is an effective way to accelerate crop genetic improvement. Previously we developed an integrated breeding technology for cotton that enabled three to four breeding cycles per year. Here, to further shorten the breeding time, we optimized the light spectrum conditions for cotton development and culture conditions for immature embryo developing into seedling. Under optimized spectrum conditions, JSh929 and ND601 plants exhibited the visible flower buds at 19 and 21 days after emergence (DAE), and the first flower bloomed at around 45 and 46 DAE. Using the optimized immature embryo culture technique, immature embryos of 25-30 days after pollination could develop into fertile plants with cotyledon unfolding at 6 days after culture in vitro. The improved speed breeding technique shortened cotton breeding cycle from about 130 days to a range from 71 to 85 days, an average of 79.5 days, achieving up to around five generations per year. Using this optimized system, we transferred iaaM gene into the high-yield and disease-resistant cultivar JND24, and BC₄F₃ progenies were obtained within 1.5 years. In addition, the JND24-i3 line was selected with increased lint percentage and improved Micronaire value. These results demonstrate that the optimized speed breeding system offers a rapid and effective way to improve traits of cotton.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic architecture and genomic prediction for yield, winter damage, and digestibility traits in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) using genotyping-by-sequencing data.","authors":"N Vargas Jurado, H Kärkkäinen, D Fischer, O Bitz, O Manninen, P Pärssinen, M Isolahti, I Strandén, E A Mäntysaari","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04860-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-025-04860-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Accurate prediction of genomic breeding values for Timothy was possible using genomic best linear unbiased prediction. Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is a grass species of great importance for Finnish agricultural production systems. Genotyping-by-sequencing along with genomic prediction methods offer the possibility to develop breeding materials efficiently. In addition, knowledge about the relationships among traits may be used to increase rates of genetic gain. Still, the quality of the genotypes and the validation population may affect the accuracy of predictions. The objectives of the study were (i) to estimate variance components for yield, winter damage and digestibility traits, and (ii) to assess the accuracy of genomic predictions. Variance components were estimated using genomic residual maximum likelihood where the genomic relationship matrix was scaled using a novel approach. Genomic breeding values were estimated using genomic best linear unbiased prediction in single- and multiple-trait settings, and for different marker filtering criteria. Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.13 ± 0.03 to 0.86 ± 0.05 for yield at first cut and organic matter digestibility at second cut, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from -0.72 ± 0.12 to 0.59 ± 0.04 between yield at first cut and winter damage, and between digestibility at first and second cuts, respectively. Accuracy of prediction was not severely affected by the quality of genotyping. Using family cross-validation and single-trait models, predictive ability ranged from 0.18 to 0.62 for winter damage and digestibility at second cut, respectively. In addition, validation using forward prediction showed that estimated genomic breeding values were moderately accurate with little dispersion. Thus, genomic prediction constitutes a valuable tool for improving Timothy in Finland.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing the accuracy of genetic variance estimation and using a novel generalized effective sample size to improve simulations.","authors":"Javier Fernández-González, Julio Isidro Y Sánchez","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04861-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-025-04861-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>We developed an improved variance estimation that incorporates prediction error variance as a correction factor, alongside a novel generalized effective sample size to enhance simulations. This approach enables precise control of variance components, accommodating for more flexible and accurate simulations. Phenotypic variation in field trials results from genetic and environmental factors, and understanding this variation is critical for breeding program simulations. Additive genetic variance, a key component, is often estimated using linear mixed models (LMM), but can be biased due to improper scaling of the genomic relationship matrix. Here, we show that this bias can be minimized by incorporating prediction error variance (PEV) as a correction factor. Our results demonstrate that the PEV-based estimation of additive variance significantly improves accuracy, with root mean square errors orders of magnitude lower than traditional methods. This improved accuracy enables more realistic simulations, and we introduce a novel generalized effective sample size (ESS) to further refine simulations by accounting for sampling variation. Our method outperforms standard simulation approaches, allowing flexibility to include complex interactions such as genotype by environment effects. These findings provide a robust framework for variance estimation and simulation in genetic studies, with broad applicability to breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the major QTL qSW-A03 for seed weight in Brassica napus.","authors":"Jiangyu Meng, Dingxue Hu, Bin Wang, Yuelin Zhu, Chunyan Lu, Yan Deng, Huiying Cai, Baohua Wang, Yajun He, Wei Qian","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04866-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04866-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed weight is a determining factor for improving rapeseed productivity. In the present study, a high-density genetic map was constructed via genome resequencing in an RIL population derived from a cross of two rapeseed varieties, ZS11 and DL704, with great differences in thousand-seed weight (TSW). A total of 1,306 bins involving 1,261,526 markers were used to construct the bin map. On the basis of the genetic map, QTL mapping for seed weight was performed. In total, 15 QTLs associated with TSW were detected. A major and stable QTL, qSW-A03, was mapped to a 2.8 cM interval on chromosome A03. Fine mapping delimited the qSW-A03 locus into a 59-kb region, and 11 genes within this region were predicted. By employing a combination of gene variation, gene expression difference and gene coexpression network analysis of seed weight, BnaDUF1666 was identified as a promising candidate gene. This study provides useful information for the genetic dissection of seed weight and promotes the molecular breeding of high-yield rapeseed.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid cycling genomic selection in maize landraces.","authors":"Clara Polzer, Hans-Jürgen Auinger, Michelle Terán-Pineda, Armin C Hölker, Manfred Mayer, Thomas Presterl, Carolina Rivera-Poulsen, Sofia da Silva, Milena Ouzunova, Albrecht E Melchinger, Chris-Carolin Schön","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04855-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-025-04855-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A replicated experiment on genomic selection in a maize landrace provides valuable insights on the design of rapid cycling recurrent pre-breeding schemes and the factors contributing to their success. The genetic diversity of landraces is currently underutilized for elite germplasm improvement. In this study, we investigated the potential of rapid cycling genomic selection for pre-breeding of a maize (Zea mays L.) landrace population in replicated experiments. We trained the prediction model on a dataset (N = 899) composed of three landrace-derived doubled-haploid (DH) populations characterized for agronomic traits in 11 environments across Europe. All DH lines were genotyped with a 600 k SNP array. In two replications, three cycles of genomic selection and recombination were performed for line per se performance of early plant development, a major sustainability factor in maize production. From each cycle and replication, 100 DH lines were extracted. To evaluate selection response, the DH lines of all cycles and both replications (N = 688) were evaluated for per se performance of selected and unselected traits in seven environments. Selection was highly successful with an increase of about two standard deviations for traits under directional selection. Realized selection response was highest in the first cycle and diminished in following cycles. Selection gains predicted from genomic breeding values were only partially corroborated by realized gains estimated from adjusted means. Prediction accuracies declined sharply across cycles, but only for traits under directional selection. Retraining the prediction model with data from previous cycles improved prediction accuracies in cycles 2 and 3. Replications differed in selection response and particularly in accuracies. The experiment gives valuable insights with respect to the design of rapid cycling genomic selection schemes and the factors contributing to their success.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and validation of a major QTL, QFhb-6AL, for Fusarium head blight resistance on chromosome 6AL in wheat.","authors":"Zhenzhen Zhu, Xuecheng Zhu, Na Zhang, Wenxi Wang, Jilu Liu, Fuping Zhang, Xiaomeng Ren, Yanpeng Ding, Fangyao Sun, Xi He, Sijia Hu, Xiuhua Li, Shurong Wei, Weilong Guo, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Dongtao Liu, Zhenqi Su","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04864-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04864-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A novel major QTL, QFhb-6AL, accounting for 34.6% phenotypic variation for FHB resistance, was identified in the Chinese cultivar Xunong 029, and a near-diagnostic marker was developed for marker-assisted selection. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that seriously threatens global wheat production and food safety. Host resistance is the most effective strategy for reducing FHB damage. The Chinese wheat cultivar Xunong 029 possesses desirable agronomic traits and demonstrates stable FHB resistance in multiple environments. A population of 190 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed by crossing Xunong 029 with Xumai 35 to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance. The RIL population was genotyped by a low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lcWGS) technology and evaluated for FHB symptom spread within a spike (Type II resistance) in both greenhouses and field experiments. A stable major QTL, designated as QFhb-6AL, was mapped to a 3.0 cM interval between markers lcWGS613.5 and lcWGS616.5 on the long arm of chromosome 6A, and it explained up to 34.6% of the phenotypic variation for FHB Type II resistance. QFhb-6AL was validated using near-isogenic lines (NILs) and another RIL population derived from the cross Xunong 029 and Xumai 33. Four kompetitive amplicon sequence PCR (KASP) markers which tightly linked to QFhb-6AL were developed. Haplotype analysis of the target QTL region showed a low frequency distribution of QFhb-6AL in Chinese cultivars, indicating that the QTL has not been widely deployed in wheat breeding programs. The QFhb-6AL has great potential for improving wheat FHB resistance, and the tightly linked markers developed in this study will facilitate its deployment in wheat breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize B chromosome affects the flowering time.","authors":"Paulo Maurício Ruas, Mateus Mondin, Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia, Margarida L R Aguiar-Perecin","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04862-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04862-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>The influence of maize B chromosomes on flowering time was investigated, revealing a tendency for male flowering time to be delayed with an increase in the number of B chromosomes. This research aimed to verify whether the presence of B chromosomes alters the female and male flowering time of Zea mays L. For this purpose, four experiments were carried out, three with inbred lines of the Zapalote Chico race and the last one with the hybrid Cateto x Zapalote Chico. These experiments consisted of classes differing in the number of B chromosomes and were designed in complete randomized blocks, with two replications. In the three experiments conducted with the inbred lines of the Zapalote Chico race, it was observed that B chromosomes had a minimal influence on female flowering. For male flowering time, the statistical analysis results indicated that at least part of the observed variation in the flowering time could be attributed to differences in the number of extranumerary chromosomes. The analysis of the Cateto x Zapalote Chico hybrid confirmed the results observed in the inbred lines of Zapalote Chico race, showing that the influence of B chromosomes on the flowering time in Zea mays L. was more pronounced in the male flowering time. The mechanism by which B chromosomes alter flowering time is still unknown, and more research is needed to better clarify the possible role that the euchromatic and heterochromatic regions of the extranumerary chromosomes may play on the flowering time of Zea mays L.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A large-scale multi-environment study dissecting adult-plant resistance haplotypes for stripe rust resistance in Australian wheat breeding populations.","authors":"Natalya Vo Van-Zivkovic, Eric Dinglasan, Jingyang Tong, Calum Watt, Jayfred Goody, Daniel Mullan, Lee Hickey, Hannah Robinson","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04859-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-025-04859-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Genetic variation in stripe rust resistance exists in Australian wheat breeding populations and is environmentally influenced. Stacking multiple resistance haplotypes or using whole-genome approaches will improve resistance stability and environmental specificity. Wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) is a fungal disease responsible for substantial yield losses globally. To maintain crop productivity in future climates, the identification of genetics offering durable resistance across diverse growing conditions is crucial. To stay one-step ahead of the pathogen, Australian wheat breeders are actively selecting for adult-plant resistance (APR), which is considered more durable than seedling resistance. However, deploying resistance that is stable or effective across environments and years is challenging as expression of underling APR loci often interacts with environmental conditions. To explore the underlying genetics and interactions with the environment for stripe rust resistance, we employ haplotype-based mapping using the local GEBV approach in elite wheat breeding populations. Our multi-environment trial analyses comprising 35,986 inbred lines evaluated across 10 environments revealed significant genotype-by-environment interactions for stripe rust. A total of 32 haploblocks associated with stripe rust resistance were identified, where 23 were unique to a specific environment and nine were associated with stable resistance across environments. Population structure analysis revealed commercial or advanced breeding lines carried desirable resistance haplotypes, highlighting the opportunity to continue to harness and optimise resistance haplotypes already present within elite backgrounds. Further, we demonstrate that in silico stacking of multiple resistance haplotypes through a whole-genome approach has the potential to substantially improve resistance levels. This represents the largest study to date exploring commercial wheat breeding populations for stripe rust resistance and highlights the breeding opportunities to improve stability of resistance across and within target environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 4","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}