Theoretical and Applied Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Fine mapping of stripe rust resistance gene YrAn1589 in common wheat using Wheat660K SNP array and BSR-Seq.","authors":"Weihao Hao, Yingjie Wu, Qi Guo, Jingchun Wu, Meng Lin, Qiwei Hu, Erwin Tandayu, Jie Lu, Hongqi Si, Chuanxi Ma, Xiaobo Wang, Can Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04838-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04838-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A new stripe rust resistance gene YrAn1589 in Chinese wheat Annong1589 was mapped to a 160.9-166.6 kb interval on chromosome arm 3BL and co-segregated with a marker CAPS9 developed from candidate gene TraesCS3B03G1054600.  Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating fungal disease that can significantly reduce wheat yield. The Chinese wheat cultivar Annong1589 demonstrates high resistance against the predominant Pst races in the Huang-Huai valley wheat region. The present study aimed to identify the stripe rust resistance gene in Annong1589. Genetic analysis indicated that the resistance in Annong1589 was conferred by a single dominant gene, provisionally designated YrAn1589. Using Wheat660K SNP array, bulked segregant RNA sequencing and new molecular markers developed, the resistance gene was mapped to a 160.9-166.6 kb region between CAPS8 and CAPS10 on chromosome 3BL based on IWGSC CS RefSeq v2.1 and eight other reference genome sequences, including eight high-confidence annotated genes. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed significantly upregulated expression of TraesCS3B03G1054600 in resistant plants following CYR32 inoculation, suggesting it is a potential candidate gene for YrAn1589. A functional marker CAPS9 developed from a A/G polymorphic SNP in the candidate co-segregated with YrAn1589 in the F₂ population. Subcellular localization experiments showed that TraesCS3B03G1054600 protein was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, implying its role in immune response and resistance. Our findings establish YrAn1589 as a new stripe rust resistance gene, providing valuable gene resource and molecular markers for improvement of stripe rust resistance in wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of sparse phenotyping strategy in multi-environmental trials in maize.","authors":"S R Mothukuri, Y Beyene, M Gültas, J Burgueño, S Griebel","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04825-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-025-04825-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>The relatedness between the genotypes of the training and the testing set using sparse phenotyping experiments helps optimize the line allocation by utilizing the relationship measurements to reduce cost without compromising the genetic gain. The phenotyping needs to be optimized and aims to achieve desired precision at low costs because selection decisions are mainly based on multi-environmental trials. Optimization of sparse phenotyping is possible in plant breeding by applying relationship measurements and genomic prediction. Our research utilized genomic data and relationship measurements between the training (full testing genotypes) and testing sets (sparse testing genotypes) to optimize the allocation of genotypes to subsets in sparse testing. Different sparse phenotyping designs were mimicked based on the percentage (%) of lines in the full set, the number of partially tested lines, the number of tested environments, and balanced and unbalanced methods for allocating the lines among the environments. The eight relationship measurements were utilized to calculate the relatedness between full and sparse set genotypes. The results demonstrate that balanced and allocating 50% of lines to the full set designs have shown a higher Pearson correlation in terms of accuracy measurements than assigning the 30% of lines to the full set and balanced sparse methods. By reducing untested environments per sparse set, results enhance the accuracy of measurements. The relationship measurements exhibit a low significant Pearson correlation ranging from 0.20 to 0.31 using the accuracy measurements in sparse phenotyping experiments. The positive Pearson correlation shows that the maximization of the accuracy measurements can be helpful to the optimization of the line allocation on sparse phenotyping designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The knockout of Gγ subunit HvGS3 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing improves the lodging resistance of barley through dwarfing and stem strengthening.","authors":"Yanyan Jiang, Ruiyin Xue, Yanzi Chang, Dong Cao, Baolong Liu, Yun Li","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04853-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04853-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gγ subunits participate in multiple biological processes, but their biological function in barley is unknown. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was used to knockout HvGS3 in barley. The height of hvgs3 plants were reduced by 37.8 ~ 43.1% compared to wild type, and the culm lodging resistance index (CLRI) of the second internode of stems was increased by 76.6%. The decrease in cell length of the second internode was similar to its node length. The shorter cells may be the main reason for the declines in the internode length and plant height. The number and area of vascular bundles, the epidermal thickness, and the mechanical tissue thickness were significantly higher in hvgs3 due to the higher lignin content. Transcriptome analysis showed higher expression of structural genes related to lignin biosynthesis. Gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis was suppressed through the down-regulation of the GA3ox gene, and the application of gibberellin restored the plant height of hvgs3, indicating that plant height was altered by hindering gibberellin biosynthesis. These results shed new light on the functions of the Gγ subunit GS3 and provide a resource for breeding new lodging-resistant barley cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping and functional characterization of the golden fruit 1 (gf1) in melon (Cucumis melo L.).","authors":"Shuai Li, Huihui Wang, Yang Li, Feng Jing, Yuanchao Xu, Shijun Deng, Naonao Wang, Zhonghua Zhang, Sen Chai","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04849-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04849-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A missense mutation that causes premature termination of the CmEGY1 protein leads to golden fruit in melon. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically important fruit crop that has been cultivated for thousands of years. Fruit color, a crucial trait influencing the appearance quality and economic value of melons, is primarily determined mainly by the type and concentration of pigments such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Identifying the genetic loci that govern melon fruit color contributes to breeding efforts aimed at enhancing melon rind coloration. This study reports an EMS-induced mutant, designated as gf1 (golden fruit 1), which produces fruit with both golden peel and flesh. Through MutMap and map-based cloning, we localized the gf1 locus to an 862 kb region containing 42 SNPs. Of these, a single SNP in the coding region caused a stop-gained mutation in the gene Cme13C08g017690, which exhibits the highest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis ETHYLENE-DEPENDENT GRAVITROPISM-DEFICIENT AND YELLOW-GREEN 1 (EGY1). Genome editing of CsEGY1, the cucumber homolog, confirmed its role in golden-fruit formation. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed reduced flavonoid and carotenoid contents, accompanied by the downregulation of related biosynthetic genes. The identification and characterization of egy1 provide novel genetic insights and a valuable resource for improving melon appearance through breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating phenomic selection using single-kernel near-infrared spectroscopy and genomic selection for corn breeding improvement.","authors":"Rafaela P Graciano, Marco Antônio Peixoto, Kristen A Leach, Noriko Suzuki, Jeffery L Gustin, A Mark Settles, Paul R Armstrong, Márcio F R Resende","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04843-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-025-04843-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Phenomic selection using intact seeds is a promising tool to improve gain and complement genomic selection in corn breeding. Models that combine genomic and phenomic data maximize the predictive ability. Phenomic selection (PS) is a cost-effective method proposed for predicting complex traits and enhancing genetic gain in breeding programs. The statistical procedures are similar to those utilized in genomic selection (GS) models, but molecular markers data are replaced with phenomic data, such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). However, the use of NIRS applied to PS typically utilized destructive sampling or collected data after the establishment of selection experiments in the field. Here, we explored the application of PS using nondestructive, single-kernel NIRS in a sweet corn breeding program, focusing on predicting future, unobserved field-based traits of economic importance, including ear and vegetative traits. Three models were employed on a diversity panel: genomic and phenomic best linear unbiased prediction models, which used relationship matrices based on SNP and NIRS data, respectively, and a combined model. The genomic relationship matrices were evaluated with varying numbers of SNPs. Additionally, the PS model trained on the diversity panel was used to select doubled haploid (DH) lines for germination before planting, with predictions validated using observed data. The findings indicate that PS generated good predictive ability (e.g., 0.46 for plant height) and distinguished between high and low germination rates in untested DH lines. Although GS generally outperformed PS, the model combining both information yielded the highest predictive ability, with higher accuracies than GS when low marker densities were used. This study highlights NIRS's potential to achieve genetic gain where GS may not be feasible and to maintain/improve accuracy with SNP-based information while reducing genotyping costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a stable QTL for quality-related traits and its effects on yields in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).","authors":"Hongke Ding, Yankun Li, Jinlian Ou, Yuanze Song, Lihua Qiu, Xinyu Rong, Han Sun, Chunhua Zhao, Yongzhen Wu, Ran Qin, Jinlong Li, Cheng Liu, Fa Cui","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04852-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04852-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A total of 6 major stable QTLs and 59 pairwise epistatic eQTLs for quality-related traits were identified, and the candidate genes underlying qDt-KJ 4B, a novel major and stable QTL for dough tractility, were identified Wheat quality traits are usually negatively correlated with yield traits, but they affect the processing quality and nutritional value of wheat. Therefore, identifying more wheat quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and elucidating their genetic basis are essential for cultivating new high-quality and high-yielding wheat varieties. In this study, QTL analysis for five quality-related traits was performed on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population, KJ-RIL, derived from a cross between Kenong 9204 (KN9204) and Jing 411 (J411). A total of 6 major stable QTLs and 59 pairwise epistatic eQTLs (eQTLs) for dough tractility (DT), kernel hardness (KH), Zeleny sedimentation value (ZEL), water absorption (WAR) and wet gluten content (WGC) were identified in multiple environments. The genetic effects and additive pyramiding effects of the major and stable QTLs of qDt-KJ-4B on quality- and yield-related traits were characterized. The DT phenotypic values of the KJ-RILs increased with the number of favourable QTLs. BAB (only qDt-KJ-5D did not harbour favourable alleles) and BBA (only qDt-KJ-4A did not harbour favourable alleles) were the best combination for improving both the quality and yield potential of qDt-KJ-4B, qDt-KJ-4A and qDt-KJ-5D. The candidate genes underlying qDt-KJ-4B were predicted on the basis of multiomics data, with TraesKN4B01HG03930 and TraesKN4B01HG03950 as the most likely candidate genes. Overall, our results are helpful for elucidating the genetic relationships between quality- and yield-related traits and will aid in future development of new high-quality and high-yield wheat varieties to meet diverse consumption needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QTN detection and candidate gene identification for improved eating and cooking quality in rice using GWAS and PLS regression analysis.","authors":"Kiyosumi Hori, Matthew Shenton, Kenta Mochizuki, Keitaro Suzuki, Ken Iijima, Noriyuki Kuya, Koka Shu, Kosuke Ono, Yuji Kinoshita, Kazuhiko Sugimoto, Takayuki Umemoto, Jun-Ichi Yonemaru, Masanori Yamasaki, Yoshinobu Takeuchi, Kaworu Ebana, Yoshimasa Tsujii","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04850-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-025-04850-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>We performed GWAS for starch properties and eating, cooking and appearance quality characteristics traits in rice and then used PLS regression to show importance of different loci for different food applications. We performed a genome-wide association study for appearance, eating and cooking quality traits in grain of japonica rice cultivars and identified candidate genes for adhesiveness of cooked rice grains, amylopectin composition and β-glucanase activity in rice endosperm among a total of 525 quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) loci. The study used 1,054,635 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on genome sequence data of 150 rice cultivars and 89 grain appearance, eating and cooking quality traits. These included grain shape, protein content, amylose content, amylopectin chain length, starch viscosity properties, starch degradation enzyme activities, and physicochemical characteristics of cooked rice grains analyzed in three years. Cluster regions of genetic loci on rice chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 were detected, with several regions co-located with starch biosynthesis and degradation genes. Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis revealed that the QTN genotypes were unevenly distributed in subpopulations of rice cultivars classified by their primary application. We could therefore select and accumulate these QTNs to improve grain quality in further breeding programs by developing novel rice cultivars with appropriate phenotypes for each food usage: as high eating quality cooked rice, staple food rice, sushi rice, sake brewing rice, and high-yielding rice cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci for seven quality-related traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).","authors":"Zhi Li, Xinli Li, Sunhong Liu, Shijun Mai, Yitian Qin, Shiyu Wang, Zijie Zhou, Kehan Yang, Xinyu Huang, Yawen Deng, Qinyi Luo, Tianheng Ren","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04851-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04851-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>QTLs for seven different quality traits were mapped. Six QTLs were considered stable and major QTLs, and the genetic effects of the QTLs were validated. Wheat grain quality traits are the key factors for economic value and are largely influenced by genetics and the environment. In this study, a genetic linkage map consisting of 8329 markers spanning 4131.54 cM was constructed using the Wheat55K SNP Array by genotyping a recombinant inbred line population of 304 lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the swelling index of glutenin, SDS sedimentation volume (SDSS), wet gluten content, grain protein content, gluten index, grain starch content, and falling number were mapped for multiple years of experiments using the ICIM-BIP, ICIM-MET, and ICIM-EPI methods, respectively. A total of 92 QTLs, 194 cQTLs, and 117 pairs of eQTLs were mapped. Six QTLs, which were QGPC.sau-4A.1, QWGC.sau-4A, QSDSS.sau-1A.1, QGI.sau-1A, QFN.sau-4D, and QSIG.sau-1A, were considered major and stable QTLs. BLAST results showed that except QFN.sau-4D, the other 5 QTLs were new. Eight QTL clusters that contained 19 QTLs were also detected, and all the major and stable QTLs were located in these QTL clusters. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers closely linked to the six QTLs were designed. The genetic effects of the major and stable QTLs were successfully confirmed in different populations. These results provide new resources for breeding of high-quality wheat in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brems1 mutation induced tapetum deficiency leading to male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis).","authors":"Chuanhong Liu, Lin Wang, Chong Tan, Di Zhao, Zhiyong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04841-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04841-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>The mutation in Brems1 resulting in male sterility in Chinese cabbage were validated through two allelic mutations. Male sterile lines are ideal for hybrid seed production in Chinese cabbage. Herein, the complete male sterile mutants M5026 and M5073 were obtained through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in the Chinese cabbage double haploid line 'FT'. Cytological observations revealed that M5026 exhibited an absence of the tapetum, an overabundance of microsporocytes, and abnormal exine formation in pollen. The male sterility phenotype of M5026 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Using mutmap sequencing and kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) identification and gene cloning, two distinct SNPs in BraA10g029920.3.5C, encoding EMS1 (excess microsporocytes 1), were identified to be associated with the male sterility of M5026 and M5073. The gene was named as Brems1. M5026 and M5073 were determined to be allelic variants. Both BrEMS1 and Brems1 were subcellularly localized at the cell membrane. Brems1 exhibited the highest expression level in buds, while no expression was detected in roots. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Brems1 mutations reduced the expression levels of genes associated with the tapetum, pollen tube, and LRR-RLK family. These results suggested that Brems1 played a critical role in pollen development and contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying tapetum development and male sterility in Chinese cabbage.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wild-allele GsPP2C-51-a1 enhances tolerance to drought stress in soybean and Arabidopsis.","authors":"Cheng Liu, Xianlian Chen, Wei Han, Xiaoshuai Hao, Liang Qin, Wei Luo, Lizhi Zhao, Ning Li, Lei Sun, Jiaoping Zhang, Guangnan Xing, Jianbo He, Wubin Wang, Junyi Gai","doi":"10.1007/s00122-025-04835-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-025-04835-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A wild-allele GsPP2C-51-a1 of Glyma.14g162100 was identified in SojaCSSLP5, back to wild soybean, conferring drought tolerance. Its functions were verified in transgenic hairy root soybeans and Arabidopsis under water deficit and ABA treatment. A population of wild soybean chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), SojaCSSLP5, with NN1138-2 as the cultivated recurrent parent and N24852 as the wild donor parent, was used to identify drought-tolerant loci/segments from the donor. Relative shoot dry weight, a tolerance indicator, varied significantly among the parents and CSSLs. Six drought tolerance loci/segments were detected in SojaCSSLP5, including Gm14_LDB_21 with GsPP2C-51 (Glyma.14g162100) as one of the four possible genes. This gene belongs to the F1 clade of protein phosphatase 2C based on gene ontology annotation, qPCR, and previous research results. Glyma.14g162100 was traced back to the Chinese germplasm population, in which four alleles existed on the locus, with soja holding all four, and max holding only two without any new alleles emerging. N24852 and NN1138-2 hold a1 and a2, respectively. The GsPP2C-51 protein was located inside the nucleus. In transgenic hairy root composite soybean, the GsPP2C-51-a1 overexpressed plants maintained a higher leaf fresh weight (tolerance) under 15% PEG stress compared to the empty vector plants. This was strongly supported by improved tolerance, chlorophyll content, and a series of physiological responses in GsPP2C-51-a1 overexpressed Arabidopsis plants under water deficit and abscisic acid treatments. Thus, the wild-type allele GsPP2C-51-a1 (Glyma.14g162100a1) from N24852 positively regulates plant drought tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"138 3","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}