{"title":"Thyristor based solid state switches for thyratron replacements","authors":"H. Sanders, S. Glidden, C. Dunham","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518748","url":null,"abstract":"Thyratrons and spark gap switches continue to be the predominant technologies used for high current, high voltage pulsed power applications. The offerings from thyratron manufacturers have been diminishing and prices have increased as vacuum tube manufacturing continues its decline. In addition, the maintenance requirements for thyratrons make them unsuitable for many potential main stream applications for pulsed power. High voltage IGBT based switches have become common, but current limitations have prevented them from being an attractive alternative for many thyratron replacement applications. Thyristors have the advantage of high current capacity and this paper will describe compact, high current, high voltage solid state switches for thyratron replacements, based on thyristor technology. The switches are based on series connected fast thyristors with 3cm2 die in a 20cm2 package. These switches have been tested to 50 k V, to greater than 12 kA, to greater than 50 kA/μs, to 360 Hz, and to 3×108 pulses, without failure. Thyratron replacement switches based on thyristor technology are currently in use at CERN, Argonne National Lab and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. They offer advantages over thyratron switches for cost, lifetime, size, weight and maintenance requirements.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133299364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kinsey, R. Curry, H. Helava, D. Bryan, R. Druce
{"title":"Design and testing of wide bandgap current limiting devices","authors":"N. Kinsey, R. Curry, H. Helava, D. Bryan, R. Druce","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518750","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Missouri in collaboration with Helava Systems Inc. have developed a concept and have shown in experiments the feasibility of a solid state switch based on the photoconductive properties of a semiconductor for radar limiters in a linear mode. Three possible device geometries were subsequently designed using CST Microwave Studio€ which would allow for matched microwave off-state transmission but provide substantial limiting of the signal in the on-state (illuminated) condition. Each design was simulated and the results compared allowing for the best possible geometry to be chosen. The chosen design allowed for greater than 99% off-state transmission and an on-state limiting of less than 1% of the incident signal. Initial experimental tests to determine the semiconductor's effectiveness to act as a photoconductive switch were investigated using highly conductive silver paint. These devices were then subjected to testing and the results compared with simulated calculations in CST and MATLAB®. Through these tests, the University of Missouri has demonstrated the ability of aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) to act as a photoconductive switch when illuminated with 355-nm light. Experiments show a greater than two orders of magnitude drop in semiconductor channel resistance upon illumination. While further investigation into the ability of the device to obtain sub-ohm resistance levels is needed, initial tests and calculations confirm the ability of AlGaN materials to act as a current limiting device with the geometry designed by the University of Missouri.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132110172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of a cathode configuration in gas insulated switchgear with a permittivity graded insulator","authors":"C. Gu, J. Rhee, Heung-Jin Ju, K. Ko","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518833","url":null,"abstract":"An application of a functionally graded material (FGM) to the solid spacer in gas insulated switchgears (GISs) can reduce the electric field intensity. Especially, the location of the high electric field concentration moves from the anode to the interface between the spacer and the gas, when the FGM spacer is used. However, the electric field stress near the triple junction of the cathode with a rounded shape, which remarkably affects the insulation capability of a GIS, increases reversely. Therefore, in order to prevent this, it is necessary to modify the cathode geometry in the common C-GIS. In this research, we dug a groove in the cathode near the triple junction, and performed the optimization of this cathode configuration by using the design of experiments (DOE). Additionally, the permittivity graded spacer with the permittivity variation of a reverse direction distribution unlike that of the existing unidirectional or bidirectional distribution was applied. Consequently, both the maximum electric field intensity generating near the inflection point of the spacer geometry and the electric field stress near the triple junction of the cathode can be efficiently reduced by using the FGM spacer and designing the optimal cathode shape.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127724746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application to water treatment of pulsed high-voltage generator using semiconductor opening switch","authors":"T. Sugai, A. Tokuchi, Weihua Jiang, Y. Minamitani","doi":"10.1541/IEEJFMS.130.538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1541/IEEJFMS.130.538","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated a water treatment method that sprays waste water droplets into pulse discharge space. It is important for this method to apply pulsed voltage of a short pulse width and a fast rise time to the electrode to realize high energy efficiency. Inductive energy storage (IES) circuit using a semi-conductor opening switch (SOS) realizes pulsed voltage like that. The water treatment using that circuit was carried out. Initially, the maximum of current of the SOS was varied without changing the pulse width by varying capacitance and inductance. As the result, the energy at the discharge load increased for larger current of the SOS. Pulse width of the voltage and the energy transfer efficiency were not influenced by difference of current of the SOS. Then, the pulse transformer (PT) turn ratio and the capacitance were changed. The energy at the discharge load was higher at the turn ratio of 2:22, and the energy transfer efficiency was improved from 6.8% to 19.2%. The indigo carmine decomposed at quicker rate under the larger discharge condition.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129326157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ishizawa, M. Hashimoto, T. Tanabe, S. Hosseini, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama
{"title":"Burst electromagnetic wave focusing system for medical application","authors":"H. Ishizawa, M. Hashimoto, T. Tanabe, S. Hosseini, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518792","url":null,"abstract":"Inducing apoptosis in malignant cells and controlling ES cell differentiation using subnanosecond high voltage pulses have previously been investigated, and results encouraged these authors to develop a high power burst electromagnetic wave focusing system for apoptosis induction in cancer cells. This system consists of a transmitting antenna and an ellipsoidal reflector which focuses radiation waves. The ellipsoidal reflector has the characteristic of focusing the burst electromagnetic waves radiated from the first focal point to the second focal point, thus enhancing the electric field at the second focal point. This system is immersed in heated water to avoid permittivity mismatch between living tissue and the medium in which electromagnetic waves propagate, thereby reducing the reflection and refraction at the surface of living tissue and focusing more accurately the burst electromagnetic waves on the second focal point. This paper presents the experimental and simulated results so as to compare antennas to radiate the burst electromagnetic wave to living tissue.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117132155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytic sources using polynomial shaped particles in the LTP method","authors":"R. Jackson, J. Verboncoeur","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.2012.6383819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.2012.6383819","url":null,"abstract":"The Local Taylor Polynomial (LTP) method treats fields and sources as local analytic polynomials for rapid numerical solution of PDE's. Knowledge of the source polynomial would allow sources to be treated analytically in LTP formulas, since the derivatives follow directly for polynomial forms. Aside from idealized cases, such information is seldom available; however, use of macro-particles with finite polynomial shape functions for charge and current deposition can make analytic treatment possible for general cases. The macro-particle polynomial coefficients can be used directly in LTP solution formulas. This scheme allows one to choose a representation of particles that enables high fidelity with fewer particles compared to traditional particle methods, since the polynomials can include information such as transverse profile information from a beam, for example. This paper presents a simple polynomial form for representing macro-particles in numerical simulations. The particle shape must be continuous and differentiable to a specified order, bounded in size and magnitude, zero in magnitude and derivatives at the edges, symmetric, positive definite, with analytic coefficients. Two key properties for use in LTP will be demonstrated: zero derivatives at the particle boundary and analytically computable coefficients.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115420851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Critical circuit parameters in producing a toroidal air plasma","authors":"A. Lodes, R. Curry","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518806","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-millisecond duration, toroidal air plasma with electron density of 1014-1015 cm-3 has been developed at the University of Missouri-Columbia. An exploding wire is used to first form the plasma and a secondary discharge region is used to further heat and impart momentum. Using this method of post discharge heating, we have been able to produce a self-confined, self-stabilized, toroidal air plasma, or TAP. A study of circuit parameters has been conducted to better understand the critical factors in the formation and evolution of the TAP. Circuit inductance and load resistance has been varied to determine the critical aspects of the formation of the TAP. A full diagnostic suite of pressure sensors, high speed photography, as well as current and voltage measurements, have been utilized to observe the TAP. Results from these experiments are presented as well as the experimental set up including the high voltage driving circuit.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125611941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic bifurcation analysis of Advanced Aircraft Electric Power System (AAEPS) with non-linear loading","authors":"H. E. Darkhaneh, H. El-kishky","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518864","url":null,"abstract":"In this article a comprehensive dynamic bifurcation analysis of the Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) Advanced Aircraft Electric Power System (AAEPS) corresponding to Boeing 767 is performed. A complete set of state space differential equations are developed to verify the aircraft electric power system stabilities under various loading configurations. In order to investigate the system's sustainability to any foreigner chaos, different loading scenarios, as well as variation in control parameters are considered. Furthermore, change in the operating frequency due to variation in the Synchronous Generator (SG) engine speed is studied. For changes in the loading profile, it is shown that the equilibrium point undergoes different bifurcation behaviors. Finally, the developed equations are implemented in Matlab, and the accuracy of obtained results is verified by exact time-domain simulations of a study model in the PSIM9 SW environment. Also, bifurcation diagrams which can assist engineers in identifying preferred/undesired regions of operations are presented for each case study.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126862700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on reliability based assessment algorithm for high voltage induction stator windmgs","authors":"Jeong-Ho Chang, Heung-Ho Lee","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518815","url":null,"abstract":"Currently high voltage induction motors are widely used and play a significant role in many fields including water power plants. Though reliable, the power equipment has been known to have several maintenance problems. These equipment problems often result in an excessive maintenance cost per fiscal year, which has been derived either from a traditional time-based maintenance schedule or a non-scientific asset management of equipment repair/replacement. In order to reduce the financial burden of equipment replacement, it is imperative to develop a sound evaluation method of the reliability of the power motors either by accurately predicting the rate of fault occurrence or by standardizing the diagnosis of the high voltage induction motors. The purpose of this paper was to develop a standard evaluation algorithm for the condition of the stator windings of high voltage induction motors. Several technical tests were utilized in this study including the measurements of AC current (ΔI), dissipation factor (tanô), partial discharge (PD) magnitude, and polarization index (P.I.). The AC current test produced additional information on the insulation strength of the stator winding of water supply pump motor in operation. The suggested algorithm based on the Risk-Based Maintenance method could make a significant contribution to the reliability assessment.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126379248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A stability of LCLS linac modulators","authors":"F. Decker, A. Krasnykh, B. Morris, M. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518840","url":null,"abstract":"Information concerning to a stability of LCLS RF linac modulators is allocated in this paper. In general a “pulse-to-pulse” modulator stability (and RF phase as well) is acceptable for the LCLS commission and FEL programs. Further modulator stability improvements are possible and approaches are discussed based on our experimental results.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122810952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}