{"title":"Compact Electric Power System for Tokamak","authors":"Ge Li","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518852","url":null,"abstract":"The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is now implemented with Tokamak which requires about 1 GVar reactive power to compensate its power system for superconducting magnets where about 0.2 GVar is transferred from France Electrical Power Network, the other 0.75 GVar is generated by the system of Reactive Power Compensation and Harmonic Filtering, the Static VAR Compensator (SVC) configuration. ITER can experimentally generate 500 MW fusion thermal power in 400 s long pulse mode with about half of its construction area is for its power suppliers. It could only generate about 500 MW/3=167 MWe active electric power if it is to be configured with pressured water reactor due to that it is only about 1/3 conversion efficiency from thermal energy to electric energy. For such fusion machine, the requirement for reactive power is much larger than the active power it generates. Based on this requirement, one compact pulsed synchronous generator is suggested for this purpose. It can not only generate the fundamental reactive power to compensate and stabilize the power network, but also the active power for putting power on the grid. Due to its two purposes in one device configuration, it becomes cheap and reliable by implement it in the design of future fusion power plant for demonstration. Some consideration has been done to the special synchronous generator, which is intended for the concept design of Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor, targeting the compact Electric Power System for superconducting Tokamak.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123019802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deterioration trend on electrical treeing of underground cable insulation","authors":"R. Wu, Chien-Kuo Chang","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518818","url":null,"abstract":"This study discussed the relationship between the electric tree growth and partial discharge characteristics in the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), and proposed the evaluation rule of insulation status. The partial discharge was tested by cutting the cable insulation XLPE in specific depth, to make a 4mm clearance between the pinpoint and the semi-conducting layer. A fixed voltage was applied until destruction. The voltage was 14, 15, 16 and 17 kV respectively. Meanwhile, the computer captured the partial discharge signals regularly and processed them into phase analysis data. According to the analysis, the discharge parameters of various tests were highly similar, and the discharge number was more suitable to be the characteristic value of insulation diagnosis. The characteristic curve and differential characteristic slope of characteristic values of various tests could be obtained using regression analysis. The confidence intervals were calculated according to the characteristic slope turning points of all tests as the thresholds of initial term, final term and midterm of insulation. This is the insulation status evaluation rule proposed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115589080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serial arrangement of ferrimagnetic nonlinear transmission lines","authors":"J. Bragg, C. Simmons, J. Dickens, A. Neuber","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518721","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) utilizing ferrimagnetic materials for microwave generation have been realized as a possible solid-state replacement to traditional high power microwave (HPM) sources. The nonlinearities present in the material, along with interaction between pulsed, azimuthal magnetic fields and static, axial-biasing magnetic fields provide microwave (mesoband) generation with peak powers exceeding 30 MW at 2-4 GHz center frequency with 25 kV incident pulse magnitude. Additionally, an incident pulse of several nanoseconds is sharpened to hundreds of picoseconds. This study focuses on a serial arrangement of two NLTLs with 5 ns electrical length separation. Tests with 25 kV incident voltage are performed with varying bias schemes for each NLTL structure. The lines are terminated into a 50 Ω matched load. Measurements taken before and after each NLTL provide insight to the behavior of the traveling pulse. Results regarding peak power, frequency of operation, and system delay are discussed.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132422845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Rahaman, J. W. Nam, B. Lee, S. Nam, J. Ahn, S. Jo, H. Kwon
{"title":"Parallel operation of four spark gaps in a pulser system","authors":"H. Rahaman, J. W. Nam, B. Lee, S. Nam, J. Ahn, S. Jo, H. Kwon","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518805","url":null,"abstract":"Spark gaps are widely used switches for the development of high power pulser systems because of their simplicity and fast switching capability. We have already developed a pulser system using a single microplasma-assisted spark gap to generate short electrical pulses at the load with a repetition rate of 1 MHz. The single spark gap pulser system undergoes a few drawbacks such as low breakdown voltage and charging efficiency etc. The breakthrough of this problem is achieved by a parallel operation of two similar spark gaps in the pulser system by reducing the repetition rate, thereby increasing the voltage recovery of each spark gap. The operation of the pulser system with optimized charging circuit and spark gap parameters exhibited improved breakdown voltage and charging efficiency. Finally, the pulser system is extended for the parallel operation of four spark gaps system.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131119725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selectively grown Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Characterization and field emission properties","authors":"Chung-Nan Tsai, H. Kirkici","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518807","url":null,"abstract":"These Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the promising electron-emitting materials available for use in cold cathode applications such as vacuum microelectronic devices. It has been shown that due to the high aspect ratio (small diameter and relatively long length) it is possible to obtain electron emission at a relatively low applied electric field. Because of this property, CNTs may play an important role when used as cold cathode material in plasma devices. In this work, the experimental results of field emission characteristics of CNTs fabricated using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) are presented. The samples are selectively grown randomly oriented multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) and synthesize onto plain silicon (n-type 100) substrates. A thin catalyst (Fe) film is first deposited by DC magnetron sputtering and high-quality films of MWNTs are grown in a thermal CVD furnace in a mixture of acetylene and argon gasses, after lithographic lift-off patterning of a metal catalyst layer on the wafer. The measurement results indicate that randomly oriented CNTs have significant field emission capabilities to be used as cold cathode emitters in plasma devices.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123430520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ogunniyi, H. O’Brien, C. Scozzie, W. Shaheen, A. Agarwal, Lin Cheng, V. Temple
{"title":"DV/DT immunity and recovery time capability of 1.0 cm2 silicon carbide SGTO","authors":"A. Ogunniyi, H. O’Brien, C. Scozzie, W. Shaheen, A. Agarwal, Lin Cheng, V. Temple","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518753","url":null,"abstract":"The silicon carbide SGTO is a future switching component technology of interest to the Army for various pulsed power applications. The research presented in this paper investigates the dV/dt immunity and recovery time (Tq) capability of 1.0 cm2 silicon carbide (SiC) super gate turn-off thyristors (SGTOs). The 1.0 cm2 SiC SGTO is the largest chip based silicon carbide thyristor reported. The SiC SGTO was designed by SPCO and Cree Inc., while the fabrication was done by Cree Inc. This work highlights improved results for both the recovery time and transient voltage immunity compared to the smaller SiC GTO that was previously reported at PPC 2009. The pulse evaluation results in this work show that the SiC SGTO did not require assisted gate turn-off and achieved a recovery time less than 25 μs after a 1-ms wide current pulse current of 1.7 kA, corresponding to an action level of 1.445 × 103 A2s. Finally, the SiC SGTO was evaluated for dV/dt immunity with an instantaneous rise time greater than 9 kV/μs.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121522232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying Hilbert-Huang transform on partialdischarge pattern recognition of a gas insulated switchgear","authors":"Hong-Chan Chang, Feng‐Chang Gu, C. Kuo","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518705","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes gas insulated switchgear (GIS) partial discharge (PD) pattern classification based on the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). First, this study establishes four defect types of 15 kV GIS and uses a commercial high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) sensor to measure the electrical signals caused by the PD phenomenon. The HHT can represent instantaneous frequency components through empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and then transform into a 3D Hilbert energy spectrum. Thereafter, it extracts the energy feature parameters from the 3D Hilbert spectrum by using the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) for PD recognition. This study verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method by examining the identification ability of the BPNN using 160 sets of GIS-generated PD patterns. The experiment result shows the method can classify various defect types easily. The method can also be employed by the construction unit to verify the GIS quality and determine the GIS insulation status.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122828650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wilson, W. Boekhoven, I. Timoshkin, M. Given, S. Macgregor, Tao Wang, J. Lehr
{"title":"Performance of a corona-stabilised switch activated by fast-rising trigger pulses","authors":"M. Wilson, W. Boekhoven, I. Timoshkin, M. Given, S. Macgregor, Tao Wang, J. Lehr","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518698","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma closing switches used in pulsed-power applications have traditionally been insulated with sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) due to its high dielectric strength. The global warming potential of SF6, however, is estimated to be 23900 times greater than that of CO2. The present study details tests conducted in order to replace SF6 with air as the switching medium within an existing corona-stabilised switch, the main goal being to extend the triggering range by deploying a fast-rising (~40 ns) trigger pulse. Delay times were measured and jitter calculated at a range of pressures, for different triggering regimes. The most stable performance was found with a negative-polarity dc voltage across the main electrodes, and a positive-polarity trigger voltage. With this triggering regime, the average delay time to breakdown was ~300 ns over a 2-bar pressure range. The minimum calculated jitter was 5 ns. When the switch was charged with a positive dc voltage and the trigger pulse was of negative polarity, the triggering range was extended by up to 7 kV compared to the triggering regime previously used (μs pulse).","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122893012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. O’Brien, W. Shaheen, A. Ogunniyi, V. Temple, C. Scozzie
{"title":"Compact silicon SGTO module for pulse switching beyond 6 kV, 100 kA","authors":"H. O’Brien, W. Shaheen, A. Ogunniyi, V. Temple, C. Scozzie","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518668","url":null,"abstract":"In a continuing effort to reduce the weight and volume of high-power pulse switches, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and Silicon Power Corp. have developed new Super-GTO-based switch modules that out-perform previous designs while maintaining compact size. These switch modules have recently been demonstrated at a 50% increase in hold-off voltage and 30% increase in pulse current (compared to switches presented at PMC 2006) while utilizing the same area of silicon in the same volume packaging. Each switch module is composed of eight parallel 3.5 cm2 silicon Super-GTOs, for a total silicon area of 28 cm2 and a package volume of 0.14 L. The pulse performance at the individual Super-GTO device level was improved by modifying the emitter layout and metallization to reduce on-state resistance and maximize current-spreading across the silicon area. Modules were pulsed over 110 kA for 500 pulses with consistent pulse performance.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124523003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a compact, battery-powered rep-rate charger for an 88-kJ capacitor bank for EML applications","authors":"B. Huhman, J. Neri","doi":"10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IPMHVC.2012.6518687","url":null,"abstract":"The Materials Testing Facility (MTF) at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing a battery-powered, rep-rate charger for an 88-kJ capacitor bank. The goal is to charge a 7000-μF capacitor to 5-kV in four seconds for a fifty shot burst. A bank of LiFePO4 batteries is used with a full H-bridge converter, a transformer, and a rectifier to transform the 500V battery voltage to a 5-kV secondary voltage. A key parameter is to minimize the converter weight and volume; therefore the switching frequency needs to be as high as possible to reduce the size of filter components and transformers. However, as the frequency increases, switching losses will begin to dominate and a practical limit will be reached before the device switching maximum is reached. In addition to the design of stable battery packs, most of the work has been focused on switch design and driver optimization, utilizing techniques such as resonate switching and active feedback control systems. This paper will present simulation data and results from experiments.","PeriodicalId":228441,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123357307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}