Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

{"title":"Large-Scale Environmental Drivers of Kelp Biofouling Based on Literature Data","authors":"Victoria Delannoy,&nbsp;María Algueró-Muñiz,&nbsp;Eleni Christoforou,&nbsp;Yacob Haddou,&nbsp;Annabell Macphee,&nbsp;Keri McEachnie,&nbsp;Kyla Orr,&nbsp;Sofie Spatharis","doi":"10.1111/raq.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Macroalgae are increasingly studied for their critical contributions to coastal ecosystems, their potential to mitigate climate change, and their promise as a sustainable food source. While wild macroalgae host diverse epiphytic and invertebrate epibiont communities that enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, biofouling epibionts on farmed macroalgae can negatively impact growth, physiology, and product quality. Although an increasing number of longitudinal studies are trying to establish the drivers of macroalgae biofouling, localized approaches lack sufficient contrasts in environmental conditions to reveal macroecological patterns in epibiont occurrence. To gain these contrasts, we analyze data on macroalgae and epibiont taxonomy, study location, and environmental conditions that we have compiled from a systematic literature review and from Marine Copernicus and NASA-OBPG databases of marine data. Our results show that 58.18% of macroalgae epibiont studies focus on the North-East Atlantic coast, which is particularly useful in understanding the potential for the expansion of seaweed aquaculture in this region. Bryozoan fouling depends on sea surface temperature (SST) and an increased biofouling risk was predicted for latitudes greater than 58° in the NE Atlantic coast and around coastal areas in Scotland with cold freshwater inflows. Hydrozoans and gastropods showed a higher probability of occurring on farmed or planted as opposed to wild kelp, whereas gastropods tended to be absent at salinities lower than 30 psu. Our findings provide a first basis for understanding seaweed biofouling risks in the North-East Atlantic and can serve for the spatial planning of the positioning of new seaweed farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Natural Plant Polysaccharides for Use as Feed Additives in Aquaculture: Structure–Activity Relationship, Benefits, and Restrictions","authors":"Longhui Liu,&nbsp;Zhangfan Huang,&nbsp;Zhongbao Li","doi":"10.1111/raq.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some potential natural plant polysaccharides (PNPP) exhibit a diverse array of beneficial biological activities and are increasingly utilized as feed additives in environmentally sustainable aquaculture. This review summarizes the extraction and purification methods, as well as the processes involved in obtaining natural plant polysaccharides. Subsequently, we provide an in-depth discussion on the relationship between the structural characteristics of PNPP and their associated biological activities. Following this, we highlight the advantageous effects of <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharides, <i>Lycium barbarum</i> polysaccharides, and other PNPP within aquaculture settings. We also briefly elucidate the pathways and mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects based on their biological properties. Finally, we outline the limitations currently faced in applying these PNPP to aquatic farming while proposing future directions for development in this field. This review aims to enhance understanding of potential natural plant polysaccharides and offers a theoretical foundation for forthcoming research and applications within aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shot in the Foot: Unintended Consequences of Using Inorganic Fertilizer in Commercial Tropical Eucheumatoid Seaweed Farming","authors":"Michael Y. Roleda,&nbsp;Albaris B. Tahiluddin,&nbsp;Iain C. Neish,&nbsp;Alan T. Critchley","doi":"10.1111/raq.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seaweeds, like all primary producers, require macronutrients (C, N, P) for the synthesis of organic molecules through photosynthesis to support growth and accumulation of storage compounds, including cell wall polysaccharides, for example, agar, carrageenan, and alginates, that have numerous industrial applications. The commercial production of tropical eucheumatoids has been reliant on natural streams of inorganic nutrients. Recently, the prevalent use of inorganic fertilizer in seaweed farming in the southern Philippines was allegedly initiated to boost seaweed health and avert crop failure due to pests and diseases; however, it may also be economically driven to increase biomass production with a shorter crop period that is vital for the livelihood of the marginalized coastal inhabitants. Consequently, the harvest of fast-growing but immature crops whose tissues are replete with nutrients could compromise the carrageenan yield and rheology, and, more importantly, its organic status. Moreover, the indiscriminate use and disposal of inorganic fertilizer in algoculture pose the potential for ecological disaster.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An In-Depth Analysis of the Finfish Aquaculture in Türkiye: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects","authors":"İlhan Aydın,&nbsp;Rafet Çağrı Öztürk,&nbsp;Orhan Tufan Eroldoğan,&nbsp;Murat Arslan,&nbsp;Yahya Terzi,&nbsp;Sevdan Yılmaz,&nbsp;Gürkan Diken,&nbsp;Önder Yıldırım,&nbsp;Türker Bodur,&nbsp;Nejdet Gültepe,&nbsp;Ömer Alper Erdem,&nbsp;Ece Evliyaoğlu,&nbsp;Ömerhan Dürrani,&nbsp;Sinem Gülen,&nbsp;Esin Batır,&nbsp;Ilhan Altinok,&nbsp;Hüseyin Sevgili","doi":"10.1111/raq.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture emerges as a crucial solution for addressing the global food shortage of an estimated 10 billion people by 2050. In Türkiye, aquaculture plays a significant role in supporting the economy and ensuring food security. Over the past two decades, finfish production in Türkiye surged from 61,163 to 547,505 t, generating $1.7 billion in export revenue across over 100 countries. This growth has been driven by technological advancements, robust governmental support, and increasing global demand for aquaculture products. However, the sector also faces persistent challenges, including the need to enhance sustainability, mitigate ecological impacts, and manage finite resources. As Europe's leading fish producer, the Turkish aquaculture sector must continue to innovate and expand to meet the demands of a growing population. Despite the expanding research on Turkish finfish aquaculture, there is no comprehensive review that consolidates both scientific progress and sectoral developments. This study fills that void by combining a bibliometric analysis of 1958 scientific publications from 1983 to 2023 with an in-depth sectoral evaluation, providing a holistic understanding of the Turkish aquaculture sector. The bibliometric analysis highlights key research areas, trends, and knowledge gaps, while the sectoral overview examines production trends, dynamics of the feed industry, technological innovations, and economic factors. It also addresses challenges such as climate change impacts, reliance on imported feed ingredients, and disease issues, discussing potential avenues for sustainable growth through innovation, policy reforms, and technological integration. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, offering insights into the current state and future directions of finfish aquaculture in Türkiye.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening African Aquaculture","authors":"Giovanni M. Turchini,&nbsp;Nie Pin","doi":"10.1111/raq.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70018","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Aquaculture in Africa holds vast potential, yet its contribution to global production remains limited. The study by Iheanacho et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], featured in this issue of &lt;i&gt;Reviews in Aquaculture&lt;/i&gt;, highlights the critical role of innovative and sustainable aquafeeds in advancing the sector. While significant strides have been made in countries like Egypt, Nigeria, and Uganda, many African nations continue to struggle with challenges such as feed availability, disease management, market access, and investment. Addressing these barriers requires a research-driven approach that fosters innovation, supports sustainable practices, and integrates aquaculture into national development strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite its relatively small global share, African aquaculture has grown nearly 20-fold since the 1990s [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. However, growth remains uneven, with Egypt alone accounting for over 70% of the continent's production. Other nations face constraints related to feed quality, seed availability, and poor market linkages [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Sustainable feed development, as discussed by Iheanacho et al. [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], is particularly crucial, as current reliance on fishmeal exerts pressure on wild stocks, as well as negatively impacting formulation costs. Economic and environmental considerations must also be balanced. Aquaculture positively impacts GDP growth in many African nations [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;], but it also has environmental trade-offs. While aquaculture can initially help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by offsetting pressure on wild fish stocks, its long-term expansion may increase its carbon footprint or introduce other environmental risks if not managed properly. This underscores the need for policies that support low-impact farming methods, optimize resource use, and enhance waste management strategies to ensure sustainable growth [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. Research and technological innovation are central to overcoming the sector's challenges. Countries that have invested in aquaculture research—such as Egypt and Nigeria—have seen the most significant gains [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Advancing African Aquaculture Requires a Strong Focus on Key Research Priorities. Genetic improvements, particularly through selective breeding, can enhance growth rates, disease resistance, and feed efficiency in widely farmed species like tilapia and African catfish. Equally important is the development of disease management strategies that minimize reliance on antibiotics, ensuring healthier fish stocks and reducing production losses. While climate change poses a significant long-term challenge by altering water temperature, oxygen levels, and overall fish health, research into climate resilience is essential for developing adaptive farming techniques that ensure sustainable production. However, in the immediate term, the growth of aquaculture in Africa depends more directly on access to natural resources, investment, and a skilled workforce. Without suffic","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolism, Function, Molecular Mechanism, and Application of Carotenoids in Coloration of Aquatic Animals","authors":"Yongguan Liao,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Deshou Wang,&nbsp;Dongneng Jiang,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhu,&nbsp;Siping Deng,&nbsp;Huapu Chen,&nbsp;Guangli Li,&nbsp;Hongjuan Shi","doi":"10.1111/raq.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among vertebrates, aquatic animals have a wide variety of body color. Yellow and red coloration, an important economic trait of aquatic animals, plays pivotal roles in ornamental value and consumption. Fish possess the most chromatophore types in vertebrates, and carotenoids primarily contribute to erythrophore and xanthophore pigmentation. Carotenoid metabolism and regulation of chromatophore development have long been a focus of selective breeding programs in fish. In crustaceans, carotenoids have been proven to be involved in enhancing coloration. However, the carotenoid requirements vary among different aquatic animals. The metabolic pathways in vivo and biochemical processes have not been well summarized. Thus, in this review, we introduced various types of carotenoids and their metabolic pathways in different aquatic species and described a similar mechanism of ketocarotenoid biosynthesis in fish and birds. We have focused on carotenoid metabolism processes and several significant genes involved in the coloration of vertebrates, such as scavenger receptors, apolipoproteins, ketolases, and β-carotene oxygenase, and their applications in aquaculture. In addition, we also summarized the current problems of carotenoid addition in diets and emphasized the importance of aquatic breeding and molecular biotechnology in carotenoid coloration and ornamental fish breeding. Finally, we provided our perspectives on fish carotenoid pigmentation research and the aquatic industry. This review will enhance our understanding of fish carotenoid metabolism as well as provide deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of fish muscle and skin pigmentation. It will benefit the production of feed additives and selective breeding for ornamental aquatic animals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Pathogens in Free-Living Salmonids: Aquaculture and Ecosystem Implications","authors":"David Tapia,&nbsp;Daniel Gomez-Uchida,&nbsp;Ale Garin-Fernandez,&nbsp;José M. Yáñez,&nbsp;Yoanna Eissler,&nbsp;Cristian B. Canales-Aguirre","doi":"10.1111/raq.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salmonids play vital ecological and economic roles and have been introduced to many regions worldwide. When not held captive in farms, they can be classified as free-living salmonids, a group that includes native, feral, and naturalized populations, as well as fish that have escaped from aquaculture facilities. Compared to farmed salmonids, knowledge of viral infections affecting free-living populations remains limited, creating a significant gap in understanding the ecological impacts of interactions between aquaculture and natural ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, we reviewed global reports and summarized the information on viruses infecting free-living salmonids. Most viral detections reported in the reviewed studies were found in native wild salmonids, with escaped salmon ranking second in detection frequency. Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>), sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>), and brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) were the most commonly reported host species. The most frequently reported viruses included infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), and infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV). Evidence from some studies suggests a bidirectional transmission of viruses between farmed and free-living salmonids, highlighting the complex interplay between these groups. Beyond their potential role as reservoirs for aquaculture pathogens, free-living salmonids may also be negatively impacted by viruses from farmed fish, contributing to the decline of native populations. By enhancing our understanding of the prevalence and impacts of viral infections in free-living salmonids, we can inform future research and management strategies to protect the health of both farmed and wild fish populations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Emerging European Seaweed Industry Contribute to Climate Change Mitigation by Enhancing Carbon Sequestration?","authors":"Maxine C. Canvin,&nbsp;Ana R. Borrero-Santiago,&nbsp;Tom Brook,&nbsp;Mollie Gupta,&nbsp;Jessica Knoop,&nbsp;Georgina Menage,&nbsp;Pippa J. Moore,&nbsp;Nessa E. O'Connor,&nbsp;Aurora M. Ricart,&nbsp;Dan A. Smale","doi":"10.1111/raq.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Blue carbon habitats, which exhibit high rates of natural carbon sequestration, typically refer to salt marshes, seagrass meadows, and mangrove forests. Recent studies, however, have argued for the inclusion of seaweed-dominated habitats, like kelp forests, into blue carbon frameworks. Farmed seaweed may also function as a blue carbon habitat, with large-scale seaweed aquaculture suggested as a climate change mitigation strategy, but the evidence base remains limited. Here, existing knowledge on the mechanisms influencing carbon uptake, release, transport, and storage from kelp farms was synthesised, and a literature review was conducted to quantify associated rates of carbon sequestration. We identified strong geographical and methodological biases in the literature, with the majority of studies conducted in Asia and focusing on primary production rates as a proxy for carbon sequestration potential. Estimates of carbon release and storage rates were highly variable across locations, species, and approaches, and a scarcity of research on dissolved organic carbon, sedimentary carbon, and net ecosystem productivity was identified. Although the European kelp farming industry is in its infancy, it is predicted to expand to meet increasing demand for seaweed biomass. This is incentivised by perceived associated ecosystem service benefits such as enhanced carbon sequestration. However, multiple factors including environmental concerns, a lack of quantitative evidence, operational challenges, and regulatory complexities hinder industry expansion. Based on both the synthesised empirical evidence and an examination of key barriers and knowledge gaps, we identify future challenges and research priorities needed to assess the role of seaweed farming for climate change mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polysaccharide-Induced Immunoregulation, Signaling Pathways, and Stress Mitigation in Aquaculture Animals: A Review","authors":"Md. Akibul Hasan Bakky,&nbsp;Peijun Yi,&nbsp;Ngoc Tuan Tran,&nbsp;Qian Sun,&nbsp;Ming Zhang,&nbsp;Yueling Zhang,&nbsp;Shengkang Li","doi":"10.1111/raq.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquaculture, encompassing the cultivation of diverse saltwater and freshwater fish and shellfish species, is rapidly expanding, driven by the pressing need for sustainable food production. However, intensified farming practices often lead to significant economic losses due to fish mortality from infectious diseases and stress-related conditions. Consequently, enhancing the immune responses of farmed species has become vital for sustainable management. This has encouraged a growing interest in natural and eco-friendly bioactive compounds as alternatives to synthetic chemicals for disease prevention. Among these, polysaccharides from various natural sources have emerged as promising candidates, administered through dietary inclusion, intraperitoneal injection, or immersion. As prebiotics, these polysaccharides enhance the immunity and overall health of aquaculture species by modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, including lysozyme activity, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. This review critically examines the latest advances in polysaccharide-induced immunoregulation, highlighting their influence on key signaling pathways, which play pivotal roles in immune modulation. Additionally, the potential of polysaccharides to mitigate stress caused by environmental factors is discussed, demonstrating their ability to enhance growth performance and disease resistance. The collective findings underscore the value of polysaccharides as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics, aligning with the increasing consumer demand for antibiotic-free aquaculture products and supporting the advancement of global aquaculture sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on the Effects of the Doubled Maternal Genome in Triploids With a Suggested Pathway to Improving Their Performance in Aquaculture by Purging Deleterious Genes","authors":"Tom J. Hansen,&nbsp;Alison C. Harvey,&nbsp;Angelico Madaro,&nbsp;Aurélien Delaval,&nbsp;Kevin A. Glover,&nbsp;Monica F. Solberg,&nbsp;Thomas W. K. Fraser,&nbsp;Per Gunnar Fjelldal","doi":"10.1111/raq.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triploid fish are usually sterile, a trait which reduces unwanted sexual maturation in fish farming and eliminates the risk for negative genetic effects of escapees on wild stocks. The triploid state, normally established through a doubling of the maternal genome, consists of two chromosome sets from the mother and one from the father. The increase in genome size is accompanied by an increase in cell volume and reduction in cell number that are associated with physiological effects which have been described in several studies. The doubled maternal genome is also mirrored in the triploid phenotype whereby meristic characters, growth, and physiology, are commonly biased towards that of the dam. However, chromosome doubling techniques are also known to give strong inbreeding effects. In meiotic gynogenes, this is seen in fitness-related traits such as reduced survival, especially during early life, an increase in deformities, and lower growth. The same effects on fitness, although to a milder degree, are seen in triploids, which supports the hypothesis that they are also affected by inbreeding. Producing triploids by interploidy alleviate the inbreeding problem as the tetraploids can be crossbred to increase their heterozygosity. However, producing tetraploid broodstocks is both challenging and time and resource demanding. An alternative approach is to establish a triploid founder broodstock through one generation of gynogenesis. The gynogenesis will eliminate the lethal alleles, and by selecting the best performing individuals from the best performing families, one will also partially eliminate recessive deleterious alleles, increasing the fitness of the resulting triploid population.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}