Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer): A Versatile Species for Marine and Freshwater Aquaculture

Abstract

Aquaculture has undergone unprecedented growth in recent decades, driven by the increasing global demand for seafood. However, this expansion brings environmental challenges and underscores the need for species diversification and sustainable farming practices. Among the rising stars of aquaculture, the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) stands out as a prime candidate due to its remarkable adaptability, high market value, and strong biological traits. This review provides an in-depth exploration of eight key aspects of Asian seabass aquaculture: (1) species biology and distribution, (2) the current status of its global aquaculture, (3) nutritional value and health benefits, (4) genetic improvement through selective breeding, molecular techniques, and genome editing, (5) environmental sustainability and ecological impact, (6) disease management and health challenges, (7) market trends and economic viability, and (8) future prospects and research directions. Advances in genetics and breeding technologies have significantly enhanced key traits such as rapid growth, disease resistance, and omega-3 content, further cementing its role as a species of high commercial importance. To fully unlock its potential, ongoing research in disease prevention, climate resilience, optimized nutrition, and advanced breeding strategies is crucial. Coupled with strategic investments in farming technologies, branding, and market expansion, Asian seabass is well-positioned to become a versatile species of both marine and freshwater aquaculture.