Ikhsan Natrah, Sarmila Muthukrishnan, Hirzahida Mohd-Padil, Nurliyana Mohamad, Norfarrah Mohamed Alipiah, Mohamed Shariff, Fatimah Md Yusoff, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, Sri Devi Devadas, Wan-Haifa Haryani Wan Omar, Wan Nurhafizah Wan Ibrahim, Tom Defoirdt
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Malaysian Shrimp Aquaculture and Strategies to Reduce Its Occurrence","authors":"Ikhsan Natrah, Sarmila Muthukrishnan, Hirzahida Mohd-Padil, Nurliyana Mohamad, Norfarrah Mohamed Alipiah, Mohamed Shariff, Fatimah Md Yusoff, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, Sri Devi Devadas, Wan-Haifa Haryani Wan Omar, Wan Nurhafizah Wan Ibrahim, Tom Defoirdt","doi":"10.1111/raq.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shrimp is a commercially important species in several regions and is among the key global aquaculture commodities essential for food production and security. Similar to most shrimp-producing countries, shrimp aquaculture in Malaysia suffers from recurring disease outbreaks that consequently impact the overall economy. The use of antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics, in shrimp aquaculture for prophylactic treatment and growth enhancement has increased the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. The development and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and other potential sources of antimicrobial contamination in waterways are facilitated by the continuous application of antibiotics in shrimp farming, municipalities, livestock, hospitals and pharmaceutical sources. This situation contributes to the spread of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon, a One Health issue with detrimental effects on human and animal health as well as the environment. Addressing the risks associated with AMR dissemination remains highly challenging due to the intensification of shrimp farming trends, which heightens disease outbreaks, and the limited availability of alternatives to antibiotics for many farmers seeking to prevent crop failure. In this review, we critically examine the key issues related to AMR in shrimp aquaculture and explore emerging treatment strategies. Our analysis encompasses a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the impact of AMR on shrimp farming in Malaysia, as well as alternative mitigation strategies aimed at fostering more sustainable and resilient aquaculture practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the Disparity of Carbohydrate Utilization in Farmed Fish: Perspectives From Comparative Pancreatic Islet Biology","authors":"Bingyuan Yang, Qinghui Ai, Kangsen Mai","doi":"10.1111/raq.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The potential benefits of enhancing the capacity for carbohydrate utilization in farmed fish, particularly in species with pronounced carbohydrate intolerance, are significant from a number of perspectives. In recent decades, a multitude of research initiatives have focused on elucidating the factors that influence carbohydrate utilization in farmed fish, as well as the biological limitations that constrain this process. Despite the substantial progress achieved thus far, a dearth of clarity persists regarding the biological limitations associated with carbohydrate tolerance among various farmed species. Evidence suggests that, as with mammals, pancreatic islet tissues in teleosts act as the regulatory valve in glucose assimilation and metabolism. However, the precise regulatory intricacies remain to be fully elucidated and are the subject of ongoing research endeavors in fish species. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of extant research gaps in the domain of fish pancreatic islet endocrinology, with the aim of identifying the biological limitations that potentially impede carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, it incorporates recent advancements in research on the pancreatic islet biology associated with physiological functions in glucose homeostasis in the zebrafish model and mammalian animals to provide a more comprehensive overview of the future research directions in farmed fish. In addition, we present prospective avenues for inquiry in fish islet biology and concomitant challenges to achieve a more profound comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms that precipitate carbohydrate intolerance in farmed fish. This review is expected to benefit researchers specializing in the study of glucose metabolism in farmed fish species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. A. S. N. Shanaka, K. P. Madushani, Myoung-Jin Kim, Sumi Jung, Jehee Lee
{"title":"Virus Infection Models: Zebrafish as an Infection Model to Study Immune Landscape During Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Infection","authors":"K. A. S. N. Shanaka, K. P. Madushani, Myoung-Jin Kim, Sumi Jung, Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1111/raq.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Throughout life, all organisms are subject to viral infections. Smaller sizes and mechanisms that rapidly evolve into new host environments enable viruses to act as major prolific pathogens. Due to the dynamic and complex nature of these interactions between multiple cell types, proteins, and microenvironmental factors, the use of in vivo models may be beneficial for understanding the overall immune landscape rather than being confined to a singular aspect of disease progression. A good example is the difficulty in applying the results observed in in vitro assays to whole animals, revealing a notable discrepancy between studies. In this review, we discuss the feasibility of conducting viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection experiments in zebrafish as a laboratory model and different practical approaches to study infection, gene expression patterns, and immune cell dynamics to emphasize the direction of future zebrafish research. Current VHSV outbreaks are primarily managed using vaccines and antiviral drugs; however, their precise mechanisms in fish remain poorly understood. In this review, we address this critical knowledge gap by outlining methods and techniques to study VHSV infection using zebrafish as a model. We discuss how these findings can be applied to other aquaculture species. Additionally, we propose future research directions, particularly at the immune cell level, to deepen our understanding of immune responses during vaccination and antiviral drug treatments to guide the development of more targeted approaches to mitigate pathogen infections.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoting Zheng, Jinlong Yang, Annelies M. Declercq, Jiasong Zhang
{"title":"The Path Forward for China's Bullfrog Industry: Exploring Green Farming Models","authors":"Xiaoting Zheng, Jinlong Yang, Annelies M. Declercq, Jiasong Zhang","doi":"10.1111/raq.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The American bullfrog (<i>Aquarana catesbeiana</i>), recognized for its aquaculture potential, presents a significant opportunity for sustainable and economically viable production. As the world's leading producer, China plays a pivotal role in the bullfrog industry yet lacks a comprehensive synthesis of its production advancements and challenges. This study addresses this gap by analyzing research and production data from 2020 to 2024, sourced from databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. A review of 193 articles across nine thematic areas—including biology, nutrition, aquaculture systems, and disease management—underscores the growing use of bullfrogs as model organisms while addressing ecological impacts and disease concerns. In 2023, China's bullfrog industry achieved a production volume exceeding 1 million tons, valued at 100 billion CNY (15.26 billion USD). However, challenges such as inconsistent production standards and wastewater-induced environmental pollution remain unresolved. Through an evaluation of various farming models, this study identifies the concept of industrial parks utilizing greenhouses with recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) as a highly promising strategy for improving food safety and promoting environmental sustainability. The findings emphasize the need for targeted improvements in farming practices and regulatory frameworks to ensure sustainable growth. As a strategic initiative, we propose establishing industrial parks dedicated to bullfrog farming, aligning economic development with environmental goals, and positioning the industry for long-term global competitiveness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Can the Emerging European Seaweed Industry Contribute to Climate Change Mitigation by Enhancing Carbon Sequestration?”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/raq.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <span>M. C. Canvin</span>, <span>A. R. Borrero-Santiago</span>, <span>T. Brook</span>, et al., “ <span>Can the Emerging European Seaweed Industry Contribute to Climate Change Mitigation by Enhancing Carbon Sequestration?</span>,” <i>Reviews in Aquaculture</i> <span>17</span>, no. <span>2</span> (<span>2025</span>): e70004. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70004.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Delannoy, María Algueró-Muñiz, Eleni Christoforou, Yacob Haddou, Annabell Macphee, Keri McEachnie, Kyla Orr, Sofie Spatharis
{"title":"Large-Scale Environmental Drivers of Kelp Biofouling Based on Literature Data","authors":"Victoria Delannoy, María Algueró-Muñiz, Eleni Christoforou, Yacob Haddou, Annabell Macphee, Keri McEachnie, Kyla Orr, Sofie Spatharis","doi":"10.1111/raq.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Macroalgae are increasingly studied for their critical contributions to coastal ecosystems, their potential to mitigate climate change, and their promise as a sustainable food source. While wild macroalgae host diverse epiphytic and invertebrate epibiont communities that enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, biofouling epibionts on farmed macroalgae can negatively impact growth, physiology, and product quality. Although an increasing number of longitudinal studies are trying to establish the drivers of macroalgae biofouling, localized approaches lack sufficient contrasts in environmental conditions to reveal macroecological patterns in epibiont occurrence. To gain these contrasts, we analyze data on macroalgae and epibiont taxonomy, study location, and environmental conditions that we have compiled from a systematic literature review and from Marine Copernicus and NASA-OBPG databases of marine data. Our results show that 58.18% of macroalgae epibiont studies focus on the North-East Atlantic coast, which is particularly useful in understanding the potential for the expansion of seaweed aquaculture in this region. Bryozoan fouling depends on sea surface temperature (SST) and an increased biofouling risk was predicted for latitudes greater than 58° in the NE Atlantic coast and around coastal areas in Scotland with cold freshwater inflows. Hydrozoans and gastropods showed a higher probability of occurring on farmed or planted as opposed to wild kelp, whereas gastropods tended to be absent at salinities lower than 30 psu. Our findings provide a first basis for understanding seaweed biofouling risks in the North-East Atlantic and can serve for the spatial planning of the positioning of new seaweed farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential Natural Plant Polysaccharides for Use as Feed Additives in Aquaculture: Structure–Activity Relationship, Benefits, and Restrictions","authors":"Longhui Liu, Zhangfan Huang, Zhongbao Li","doi":"10.1111/raq.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some potential natural plant polysaccharides (PNPP) exhibit a diverse array of beneficial biological activities and are increasingly utilized as feed additives in environmentally sustainable aquaculture. This review summarizes the extraction and purification methods, as well as the processes involved in obtaining natural plant polysaccharides. Subsequently, we provide an in-depth discussion on the relationship between the structural characteristics of PNPP and their associated biological activities. Following this, we highlight the advantageous effects of <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharides, <i>Lycium barbarum</i> polysaccharides, and other PNPP within aquaculture settings. We also briefly elucidate the pathways and mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects based on their biological properties. Finally, we outline the limitations currently faced in applying these PNPP to aquatic farming while proposing future directions for development in this field. This review aims to enhance understanding of potential natural plant polysaccharides and offers a theoretical foundation for forthcoming research and applications within aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Y. Roleda, Albaris B. Tahiluddin, Iain C. Neish, Alan T. Critchley
{"title":"Shot in the Foot: Unintended Consequences of Using Inorganic Fertilizer in Commercial Tropical Eucheumatoid Seaweed Farming","authors":"Michael Y. Roleda, Albaris B. Tahiluddin, Iain C. Neish, Alan T. Critchley","doi":"10.1111/raq.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seaweeds, like all primary producers, require macronutrients (C, N, P) for the synthesis of organic molecules through photosynthesis to support growth and accumulation of storage compounds, including cell wall polysaccharides, for example, agar, carrageenan, and alginates, that have numerous industrial applications. The commercial production of tropical eucheumatoids has been reliant on natural streams of inorganic nutrients. Recently, the prevalent use of inorganic fertilizer in seaweed farming in the southern Philippines was allegedly initiated to boost seaweed health and avert crop failure due to pests and diseases; however, it may also be economically driven to increase biomass production with a shorter crop period that is vital for the livelihood of the marginalized coastal inhabitants. Consequently, the harvest of fast-growing but immature crops whose tissues are replete with nutrients could compromise the carrageenan yield and rheology, and, more importantly, its organic status. Moreover, the indiscriminate use and disposal of inorganic fertilizer in algoculture pose the potential for ecological disaster.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
İlhan Aydın, Rafet Çağrı Öztürk, Orhan Tufan Eroldoğan, Murat Arslan, Yahya Terzi, Sevdan Yılmaz, Gürkan Diken, Önder Yıldırım, Türker Bodur, Nejdet Gültepe, Ömer Alper Erdem, Ece Evliyaoğlu, Ömerhan Dürrani, Sinem Gülen, Esin Batır, Ilhan Altinok, Hüseyin Sevgili
{"title":"An In-Depth Analysis of the Finfish Aquaculture in Türkiye: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects","authors":"İlhan Aydın, Rafet Çağrı Öztürk, Orhan Tufan Eroldoğan, Murat Arslan, Yahya Terzi, Sevdan Yılmaz, Gürkan Diken, Önder Yıldırım, Türker Bodur, Nejdet Gültepe, Ömer Alper Erdem, Ece Evliyaoğlu, Ömerhan Dürrani, Sinem Gülen, Esin Batır, Ilhan Altinok, Hüseyin Sevgili","doi":"10.1111/raq.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture emerges as a crucial solution for addressing the global food shortage of an estimated 10 billion people by 2050. In Türkiye, aquaculture plays a significant role in supporting the economy and ensuring food security. Over the past two decades, finfish production in Türkiye surged from 61,163 to 547,505 t, generating $1.7 billion in export revenue across over 100 countries. This growth has been driven by technological advancements, robust governmental support, and increasing global demand for aquaculture products. However, the sector also faces persistent challenges, including the need to enhance sustainability, mitigate ecological impacts, and manage finite resources. As Europe's leading fish producer, the Turkish aquaculture sector must continue to innovate and expand to meet the demands of a growing population. Despite the expanding research on Turkish finfish aquaculture, there is no comprehensive review that consolidates both scientific progress and sectoral developments. This study fills that void by combining a bibliometric analysis of 1958 scientific publications from 1983 to 2023 with an in-depth sectoral evaluation, providing a holistic understanding of the Turkish aquaculture sector. The bibliometric analysis highlights key research areas, trends, and knowledge gaps, while the sectoral overview examines production trends, dynamics of the feed industry, technological innovations, and economic factors. It also addresses challenges such as climate change impacts, reliance on imported feed ingredients, and disease issues, discussing potential avenues for sustainable growth through innovation, policy reforms, and technological integration. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, offering insights into the current state and future directions of finfish aquaculture in Türkiye.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strengthening African Aquaculture","authors":"Giovanni M. Turchini, Nie Pin","doi":"10.1111/raq.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture in Africa holds vast potential, yet its contribution to global production remains limited. The study by Iheanacho et al. [<span>1</span>], featured in this issue of <i>Reviews in Aquaculture</i>, highlights the critical role of innovative and sustainable aquafeeds in advancing the sector. While significant strides have been made in countries like Egypt, Nigeria, and Uganda, many African nations continue to struggle with challenges such as feed availability, disease management, market access, and investment. Addressing these barriers requires a research-driven approach that fosters innovation, supports sustainable practices, and integrates aquaculture into national development strategies.</p><p>Despite its relatively small global share, African aquaculture has grown nearly 20-fold since the 1990s [<span>2</span>]. However, growth remains uneven, with Egypt alone accounting for over 70% of the continent's production. Other nations face constraints related to feed quality, seed availability, and poor market linkages [<span>3</span>]. Sustainable feed development, as discussed by Iheanacho et al. [<span>1</span>], is particularly crucial, as current reliance on fishmeal exerts pressure on wild stocks, as well as negatively impacting formulation costs. Economic and environmental considerations must also be balanced. Aquaculture positively impacts GDP growth in many African nations [<span>4</span>], but it also has environmental trade-offs. While aquaculture can initially help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by offsetting pressure on wild fish stocks, its long-term expansion may increase its carbon footprint or introduce other environmental risks if not managed properly. This underscores the need for policies that support low-impact farming methods, optimize resource use, and enhance waste management strategies to ensure sustainable growth [<span>5</span>]. Research and technological innovation are central to overcoming the sector's challenges. Countries that have invested in aquaculture research—such as Egypt and Nigeria—have seen the most significant gains [<span>3</span>].</p><p>Advancing African Aquaculture Requires a Strong Focus on Key Research Priorities. Genetic improvements, particularly through selective breeding, can enhance growth rates, disease resistance, and feed efficiency in widely farmed species like tilapia and African catfish. Equally important is the development of disease management strategies that minimize reliance on antibiotics, ensuring healthier fish stocks and reducing production losses. While climate change poses a significant long-term challenge by altering water temperature, oxygen levels, and overall fish health, research into climate resilience is essential for developing adaptive farming techniques that ensure sustainable production. However, in the immediate term, the growth of aquaculture in Africa depends more directly on access to natural resources, investment, and a skilled workforce. Without suffic","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}