Rebecca L. Stobart, Andrew G. Jeffs, Bradley M. Skelton
{"title":"Fish Predation in Bivalve Aquaculture: Impacts and Potential Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Rebecca L. Stobart, Andrew G. Jeffs, Bradley M. Skelton","doi":"10.1111/raq.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fish predation poses a significant challenge to bivalve aquaculture throughout the global range of production. However, the issue remains poorly understood, preventing the advance of effective interventions. Fish predation, especially on mussels in longline culture, can be severe and, in some instances, lead to crop losses of up to 100%, which has resulted in the closure of farming operations in several major European production regions. Although the predation of oysters, clams, and scallops by fish is generally less severe in bottom culture, they are more vulnerable to predation when cultivated in off-bottom culture systems. The fish species responsible for crop losses on shellfish farms typically vary both spatially and temporally, making it crucial to identify the species responsible and also the stages of bivalve aquaculture production most affected for developing practical and long-term solutions to the problem. Many approaches used for controlling fish behaviour in other situations (e.g., for limiting fish access into water intake pipes of industrial powerplants) appear to show promise for use in aquaculture environments. Potential mitigation strategies for fish predation fall into four broad categories: physical exclusion, deterrence, removal, and changes to husbandry practices. However, further research is required to determine their effectiveness in aquaculture situations, among different fish species, and their potential effects on non-target species. This review highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to addressing fish predation in shellfish aquaculture by balancing economic interests with ecological considerations within aquaculture operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gunilla B. Toth, Matthew Hargrave, Kristoffer Stedt, Sophie Steinhagen, Wouter Visch, Henrik Pavia
{"title":"Advances in Swedish Seaweed Aquaculture: Enhancing Biomass Production and Quality","authors":"Gunilla B. Toth, Matthew Hargrave, Kristoffer Stedt, Sophie Steinhagen, Wouter Visch, Henrik Pavia","doi":"10.1111/raq.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seaweed aquaculture is rapidly growing globally and offers environmental benefits such as reducing eutrophication and increasing biodiversity. Sweden has a long coast with favorable conditions for seaweed cultivation, but the current industry remains small. Over the past decade, several innovative research projects have explored and developed techniques tailored toward sustainable seaweed aquaculture. This study synthesizes recent advances in Swedish seaweed aquaculture research, highlighting innovations that support biomass yield and quality. We conducted a systematic review of 130 studies from the Thomson Reuters Web of Science, focusing on Swedish seaweed aquaculture research, and ultimately included 21 relevant publications from 1984 to 2025. The main seaweed species cultivated in Sweden are the brown seaweed <i>Saccharina latissima</i> and the green seaweed <i>Ulva fenestrata</i>. Key strategies to enhance biomass productivity, quality, and sustainability include optimizing land-based juvenile preparation, careful selection of cultivation sites, and strategic timing of sea-based harvests. Innovative approaches like the utilization of nutrient-rich process waters from food production offer sustainable methods to boost yield and protein content, aligning seaweed cultivation with circular economy principles. Future development and optimization of cultivation protocols for other protein-rich seaweed species (e.g., <i>Palmaria palmata</i>) or species that tolerate lower salinity (e.g., <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i> or <i>U. intestinalis</i>) will be critical to maximize the potential of Swedish seaweed cultivation, ensuring its effective contribution to food security and environmental conservation. As commercial interest in seaweed continues to grow, findings summarized here provide a robust foundation for the expansion of seaweed aquaculture in Europe and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changjun Guo, Jian He, Xiaopeng Xu, Shaoping Weng, Jianguo He
{"title":"Megalocytivirus: A Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenicity, Immune Evasion, and Prevention Strategies","authors":"Changjun Guo, Jian He, Xiaopeng Xu, Shaoping Weng, Jianguo He","doi":"10.1111/raq.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Megalocytivirus, a large double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the <i>Iridoviridae</i> family, has infected over 100 species of fish, leading to significant economic losses in the aquaculture, food, and ornamental fish industries. These viruses exhibit icosahedral symmetry and have diameters ranging from 120 to 200 nm. Two distinct viral species of genus <i>Megalocytivirus</i> have been identified: <i>Megalocytivirus pagrus 1</i> and <i>Megalocytivirus lates 1</i>. <i>Megalocytivirus pagrus 1</i> encompasses three distinct genotypes: infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, red seabream iridovirus, and turbot reddish body iridovirus, whereas <i>Megalocytivirus lates 1</i> comprises a single genotype, known as scale drop disease virus. Infection with <i>Megalocytivirus pagrus 1</i> is a notifiable disease to the World Organisation for Animal Health. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in various aspects of megalocytivirus biology, including the understanding of its molecular genetics, transmission modes, host ranges, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic methodologies, and vaccines. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of megalocytiviruses, focusing on its epidemiology, pathogenicity, immune evasion, and prevention strategies for fish infected with megalocytiviruses. We hope that these findings will provide new insights in the development of effective prevention and control strategies for megalocytiviral diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shanshan Duan, Raquel O. Vasconcelos, Lele Wu, Xin Li, Wen Sun, Xian Li
{"title":"Managing Aquaculture Noise: Impacts on Fish Hearing, Welfare, and Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Shanshan Duan, Raquel O. Vasconcelos, Lele Wu, Xin Li, Wen Sun, Xian Li","doi":"10.1111/raq.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As intensive aquaculture continues to develop, substantial investments have been made in equipment to sustain high-density farming. However, this has resulted in elevated noise levels within these aquaculture environments, particularly below 2000 Hz, matching the hearing range of most cultured fish species. Fish under noise conditions may experience hearing loss and physiological stress, which can negatively affect their growth, foraging efficiency, reproductive success, and increase their susceptibility to diseases. These adverse effects compromise the welfare of cultured fish, potentially decreasing production quality and increasing mortality rates. Despite these notable effects, the understanding and management of noise conditions in aquaculture systems lag behind other environmental parameters in terms of recognition and control. In this review, we cover the fundamentals of fish auditory systems, the hearing range of key cultured fish species, and the most common noise sources and levels prevalent in current intensive aquaculture systems. Additionally, we examine recent discoveries on the effects of anthropogenic noise on fish hearing, physiological responses, and behavior. Finally, we provide strategies for noise monitoring and management in the aquaculture industry, while also highlighting open questions for future research. Our goal is to assist researchers and practitioners in comprehending underwater noise and its effects on cultured fish species, providing a valuable resource for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of intensive aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phage-Based Biocontrol Strategies and Application in Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control","authors":"Linlin Yang, Weiming Zhong, Tao Tang, Mingwang He, Tongping Zhang, Boyang Zhou, Yulong Yin, Jiajing Guo, Zhipeng Gao","doi":"10.1111/raq.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquaculture is essential for meeting future demands for food, yet it faces significant losses from infectious bacterial diseases. Aquaculture has recently been critically imperiled by the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, as it relies significantly on the use of antibiotics for prevention and treatment. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria poses a critical threat to aquaculture, which heavily relies on antibiotics for prevention and treatment. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has regained attention with the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Phages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria and archaea. As a promising therapeutic strategy for aquatic bacterial diseases, phage therapy offers strong specificity, low resistance potential, rapid metabolism, ease of development, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the advantages, opportunities, and challenges of phage therapy, summarizing the status of research and highlighting emerging technologies aimed at enhancing phage therapy in aquaculture. Finally, the review looks to the future, identifying scientific and technological advances necessary to establish phage therapy as a viable and universal alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ikhsan Natrah, Sarmila Muthukrishnan, Hirzahida Mohd-Padil, Nurliyana Mohamad, Norfarrah Mohamed Alipiah, Mohamed Shariff, Fatimah Md Yusoff, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, Sri Devi Devadas, Wan-Haifa Haryani Wan Omar, Wan Nurhafizah Wan Ibrahim, Tom Defoirdt
{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Malaysian Shrimp Aquaculture and Strategies to Reduce Its Occurrence","authors":"Ikhsan Natrah, Sarmila Muthukrishnan, Hirzahida Mohd-Padil, Nurliyana Mohamad, Norfarrah Mohamed Alipiah, Mohamed Shariff, Fatimah Md Yusoff, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, Sri Devi Devadas, Wan-Haifa Haryani Wan Omar, Wan Nurhafizah Wan Ibrahim, Tom Defoirdt","doi":"10.1111/raq.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shrimp is a commercially important species in several regions and is among the key global aquaculture commodities essential for food production and security. Similar to most shrimp-producing countries, shrimp aquaculture in Malaysia suffers from recurring disease outbreaks that consequently impact the overall economy. The use of antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics, in shrimp aquaculture for prophylactic treatment and growth enhancement has increased the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. The development and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and other potential sources of antimicrobial contamination in waterways are facilitated by the continuous application of antibiotics in shrimp farming, municipalities, livestock, hospitals and pharmaceutical sources. This situation contributes to the spread of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon, a One Health issue with detrimental effects on human and animal health as well as the environment. Addressing the risks associated with AMR dissemination remains highly challenging due to the intensification of shrimp farming trends, which heightens disease outbreaks, and the limited availability of alternatives to antibiotics for many farmers seeking to prevent crop failure. In this review, we critically examine the key issues related to AMR in shrimp aquaculture and explore emerging treatment strategies. Our analysis encompasses a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the impact of AMR on shrimp farming in Malaysia, as well as alternative mitigation strategies aimed at fostering more sustainable and resilient aquaculture practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the Disparity of Carbohydrate Utilization in Farmed Fish: Perspectives From Comparative Pancreatic Islet Biology","authors":"Bingyuan Yang, Qinghui Ai, Kangsen Mai","doi":"10.1111/raq.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The potential benefits of enhancing the capacity for carbohydrate utilization in farmed fish, particularly in species with pronounced carbohydrate intolerance, are significant from a number of perspectives. In recent decades, a multitude of research initiatives have focused on elucidating the factors that influence carbohydrate utilization in farmed fish, as well as the biological limitations that constrain this process. Despite the substantial progress achieved thus far, a dearth of clarity persists regarding the biological limitations associated with carbohydrate tolerance among various farmed species. Evidence suggests that, as with mammals, pancreatic islet tissues in teleosts act as the regulatory valve in glucose assimilation and metabolism. However, the precise regulatory intricacies remain to be fully elucidated and are the subject of ongoing research endeavors in fish species. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of extant research gaps in the domain of fish pancreatic islet endocrinology, with the aim of identifying the biological limitations that potentially impede carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, it incorporates recent advancements in research on the pancreatic islet biology associated with physiological functions in glucose homeostasis in the zebrafish model and mammalian animals to provide a more comprehensive overview of the future research directions in farmed fish. In addition, we present prospective avenues for inquiry in fish islet biology and concomitant challenges to achieve a more profound comprehension of the fundamental mechanisms that precipitate carbohydrate intolerance in farmed fish. This review is expected to benefit researchers specializing in the study of glucose metabolism in farmed fish species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. A. S. N. Shanaka, K. P. Madushani, Myoung-Jin Kim, Sumi Jung, Jehee Lee
{"title":"Virus Infection Models: Zebrafish as an Infection Model to Study Immune Landscape During Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Infection","authors":"K. A. S. N. Shanaka, K. P. Madushani, Myoung-Jin Kim, Sumi Jung, Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1111/raq.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Throughout life, all organisms are subject to viral infections. Smaller sizes and mechanisms that rapidly evolve into new host environments enable viruses to act as major prolific pathogens. Due to the dynamic and complex nature of these interactions between multiple cell types, proteins, and microenvironmental factors, the use of in vivo models may be beneficial for understanding the overall immune landscape rather than being confined to a singular aspect of disease progression. A good example is the difficulty in applying the results observed in in vitro assays to whole animals, revealing a notable discrepancy between studies. In this review, we discuss the feasibility of conducting viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection experiments in zebrafish as a laboratory model and different practical approaches to study infection, gene expression patterns, and immune cell dynamics to emphasize the direction of future zebrafish research. Current VHSV outbreaks are primarily managed using vaccines and antiviral drugs; however, their precise mechanisms in fish remain poorly understood. In this review, we address this critical knowledge gap by outlining methods and techniques to study VHSV infection using zebrafish as a model. We discuss how these findings can be applied to other aquaculture species. Additionally, we propose future research directions, particularly at the immune cell level, to deepen our understanding of immune responses during vaccination and antiviral drug treatments to guide the development of more targeted approaches to mitigate pathogen infections.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoting Zheng, Jinlong Yang, Annelies M. Declercq, Jiasong Zhang
{"title":"The Path Forward for China's Bullfrog Industry: Exploring Green Farming Models","authors":"Xiaoting Zheng, Jinlong Yang, Annelies M. Declercq, Jiasong Zhang","doi":"10.1111/raq.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The American bullfrog (<i>Aquarana catesbeiana</i>), recognized for its aquaculture potential, presents a significant opportunity for sustainable and economically viable production. As the world's leading producer, China plays a pivotal role in the bullfrog industry yet lacks a comprehensive synthesis of its production advancements and challenges. This study addresses this gap by analyzing research and production data from 2020 to 2024, sourced from databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. A review of 193 articles across nine thematic areas—including biology, nutrition, aquaculture systems, and disease management—underscores the growing use of bullfrogs as model organisms while addressing ecological impacts and disease concerns. In 2023, China's bullfrog industry achieved a production volume exceeding 1 million tons, valued at 100 billion CNY (15.26 billion USD). However, challenges such as inconsistent production standards and wastewater-induced environmental pollution remain unresolved. Through an evaluation of various farming models, this study identifies the concept of industrial parks utilizing greenhouses with recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) as a highly promising strategy for improving food safety and promoting environmental sustainability. The findings emphasize the need for targeted improvements in farming practices and regulatory frameworks to ensure sustainable growth. As a strategic initiative, we propose establishing industrial parks dedicated to bullfrog farming, aligning economic development with environmental goals, and positioning the industry for long-term global competitiveness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Can the Emerging European Seaweed Industry Contribute to Climate Change Mitigation by Enhancing Carbon Sequestration?”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/raq.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <span>M. C. Canvin</span>, <span>A. R. Borrero-Santiago</span>, <span>T. Brook</span>, et al., “ <span>Can the Emerging European Seaweed Industry Contribute to Climate Change Mitigation by Enhancing Carbon Sequestration?</span>,” <i>Reviews in Aquaculture</i> <span>17</span>, no. <span>2</span> (<span>2025</span>): e70004. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70004.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}