Reviews in Aquaculture最新文献

{"title":"Aquaculture Systems Affect the Impact of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Growth and Immunity of Oreochromis niloticus : A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis","authors":"Diego Cardenas Laverde, Ruth Yolanda Ruiz Pardo, Luisa Marcela Villamil Diaz","doi":"10.1111/raq.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70199","url":null,"abstract":"Tilapia ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ) aquaculture is expanding worldwide, yet disease, environmental variability, and the need for sustainable production remain major challenges. Biotics, including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, have been explored to enhance growth and immunity, but their effectiveness across aquaculture systems is not fully understood. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined 141 studies, including 96 with quantitative data, to identify consistent biological responses of different biotics. Probiotics were the most studied and consistently effective additives, improving weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and immune performance across diverse production environments. Synbiotics and prebiotics provided additional benefits, though less consistently. Synbiotics sometimes produced larger effects with higher variability, while prebiotics showed moderate average effects; however, the small number of available studies, substrate heterogeneity, and wide uncertainty limited confidence in their reproducibility. Immunological and biochemical analyses revealed increased lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, along with reduced alanine transferase, supporting enhanced antioxidant and hepatoprotective capacity. Production system emerged as an important source of heterogeneity across studies, with closed systems displaying more consistent growth‐related responses than open systems, suggesting that the biological effects of probiotics may be system dependent. Overall, probiotics represent the most widely used and reliable strategy to enhance tilapia health and performance, while closed systems appear to provide more stable conditions for growth‐related responses. However, further research using transcriptomic approaches, such as RNA sequencing, is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying system‐dependent responses.","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Threshold Limits for Multiple Abiotic Stressors in Fisheries and Aquaculture Systems","authors":"Neeraj Kumar,&nbsp;Rinku Dey,&nbsp;Mukesh Bhendarkar,&nbsp;Kotha Sammi Reddy","doi":"10.1111/raq.70181","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquatic ecosystems are increasingly exposed to multiple abiotic stressors driven by climate change, environmental degradation, and anthropogenic activities. These stressors, including temperature fluctuations, dissolved oxygen depletion, pH alterations, ammonia accumulation, salinity changes, excessive stocking density, and contamination by inorganic and organic pollutants, can adversely affect fish physiology, growth, reproduction, immunity, and survival. The objective of this review is to synthesize current knowledge on threshold limits of major abiotic stressors relevant to fisheries and aquaculture systems and to evaluate their individual and interactive effects on aquatic organisms. The review highlights substantial interspecific variation in tolerance limits, greater sensitivity of early life stages, and the importance of considering multiple stressor interactions when defining sustainable environmental thresholds. Evidence indicates that rising temperatures can intensify contaminant toxicity, reduce dissolved oxygen availability, and alter salinity and ammonia dynamics, thereby increasing physiological stress in aquatic organisms. A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using major electronic databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Relevant peer-reviewed research articles, review papers, and technical reports published over the past seven decades were identified using appropriate keywords and Boolean search operators. Understanding these threshold limits is essential for developing science-based management strategies, improving fish welfare and production efficiency, and supporting adaptive policies for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture under changing environmental conditions. Interestingly, we anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, aquaculture practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders involved in the sustainable management of aquaculture and fisheries resources.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy in Aquatic Animals: A Double-Edged Sword in Environmental Stress Response and Nutritional Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Hui Gao,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Xiuling Li,&nbsp;Wenxia Wang","doi":"10.1111/raq.70198","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intensification of aquaculture and global climate change expose aquatic animals to multifaceted environmental stressors, triggering diverse stress-response cascades to mitigate cellular damage and preserve physiological homeostasis. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent catabolic process that degrades damaged or redundant cellular components to maintain cellular homeostasis and physiological functions, plays a crucial role in the environmental stress response in aquatic animals. This review systematically summarizes the modulatory influence of major environmental stressors (physical, chemical, and biological) on autophagic activity in aquatic species. Overall, the regulatory network mainly centers on oxidative stress responses, mitochondrial quality control, the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling axis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and related pathways. The dynamic equilibrium of autophagic flux dictates the cellular fate balance between adaptive survival and stress-induced injury: physiologically moderate autophagy functions as a cytoprotective and adaptive mechanism that confers stress resilience, whereas dysregulated autophagy (either impaired flux or excessive activation) disrupts cellular homeostasis and shifts cell fate toward apoptotic death. Additionally, this review explores the potential of nutritional intervention strategies to modulate autophagic activity and alleviate stress-induced damage in aquatic animals. Finally, key challenges and prospective research directions are proposed, providing a theoretical framework for deciphering stress resistance mechanisms in aquatic animals and advancing sustainable aquaculture practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148715845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino Acids in the Natural Food Web of Global Fishponds: Way Forward for Precision Protein Feeding in Pond Cyprinid Aquaculture","authors":"Md. Foysul Hossain,&nbsp;Katerina Sezimova,&nbsp;Jan Mraz,&nbsp;Radek Gebauer,&nbsp;Lubos Zabransky,&nbsp;Koushik Roy","doi":"10.1111/raq.70195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural food webs in freshwater pond ecosystems provide an important nutritional foundation for cyprinid aquaculture, yet information on their protein and amino acid composition remains fragmented. This review synthesized published data from 30 studies (1950–2026) reporting protein and indispensable amino acid (IAA) composition of freshwater natural food resources, including algae, zooplankton, and zoobenthos. Protein and IAA concentrations were standardized on a dry matter basis and evaluated relative to common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) amino acid requirement benchmarks. Natural food protein quantity and quality followed the trophic pattern zooplankton &gt; zoobenthos &gt; algae. The IAA profiles in zooplankton and zoobenthos mostly met or exceeded common carp dietary benchmarks, unlike algae which may fall short. Relative trophic position (RTP) was positively associated with all IAAs, supporting the concept of trophic upgrading within freshwater food webs. Lysine exhibited the strongest relationship with RTP (<i>R</i>² = 0.551), demonstrating a high sensitivity to natural food choices by pond carp, whereas methionine showed the weakest relationship, strictly controlled across trophic levels, making it one of the most difficult IAAs to source in pond food web. Our analysis suggests that any ideal protein concept for supplementary feed for ponds should be centered around methionine (as denominator), as most supplementary pond feed protein ingredients may exacerbate the methionine deficiencies and undermine protein utilization. A nutritional ecology framework integrating food web IAA into precision pond feed, with complementary ingredient choices, can greatly enhance the efficiency and cleanliness of pond aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture: Key Considerations for Assessing Environmental and Economic Performance","authors":"Sara Hornborg,&nbsp;Fabrizio Capoccioni,&nbsp;Xavier Irz,&nbsp;Markus Langeland,&nbsp;Arianna Martini,&nbsp;Domitilla Pulcini,&nbsp;Fredrik Salenius,&nbsp;Friederike Ziegler","doi":"10.1111/raq.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), defined as the co-production of species at different trophic levels, is conceptually appealing. By utilising complementary functions of different species, it holds opportunities for lower environmental impact, higher productivity, and increased profitability in comparison with conventional monoculture. However, whether those advantages materialise in practice remains unclear. Here we review available life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost–benefit analysis (CBA) studies of IMTAs to further the current understanding of environmental and economic performance. We find that, overall, LCAs conclude that IMTAs investigated have not been able to deliver on environmental promises, while CBAs generally find that IMTAs have both better financial performance and lower environmental externalities than monoculture equivalents. The main reasons for these contrasting findings include the nature of the systems assessed so far—often theoretical or experimental set-ups with non-optimised designs—combined with methodological choices in assessments. The findings of the review thus suggest that it is still unclear to what extent IMTA can deliver on its promises in practice, and that IMTA is no panacea for aquaculture but requires careful design to be effective for its intended use. Integrating robust LCAs and CBAs early in the development phase can help identify viable IMTA set-ups based on key drivers of environmental and economic performance and, in this way, minimise the risks of misaligned practices. A first step towards realising the potential of IMTA is to carry out robust assessments that avoid key mistakes in both LCAs and CBAs, to which end we provide hands-on recommendations for future assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148675344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Update on Advancement in Genomics Resources for Spiny Lobster Aquaculture Development","authors":"Courtney Lewis,&nbsp;Ahmad Farhadi,&nbsp;Susan Glendinning,&nbsp;Thomas Banks,&nbsp;Tara Kelly,&nbsp;Andrew G. Jeffs,&nbsp;Sandra Infante Villamil,&nbsp;John Breen,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Cobcroft,&nbsp;Arya Vazirzadeh,&nbsp;Basseer M. Codabaccus,&nbsp;Chris G. Carter,&nbsp;Quinn P. Fitzgibbon,&nbsp;Gregory G. Smith,&nbsp;Tomer Ventura","doi":"10.1111/raq.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies has transformed aquaculture genomics, enabling unprecedented insights into the biology and improvement of non-model aquatic species. Among crustaceans, lobsters represent one of the most commercially valuable yet genomically underexplored taxa. This review synthesises the current state of genomic and transcriptomic resources available for spiny and slipper lobsters (Achelata), contextualising these within the broader decapod framework. We outline key genomic assemblies, transcriptomic atlases, and molecular tools that underpin emerging research on reproduction, nutrition, growth, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. We further highlight how omics-driven approaches—spanning whole-genome sequencing, SNP discovery, RNA interference, and nutrigenomics—are reshaping opportunities for selective breeding, reproductive control, and feed optimisation. Recent progress in establishing closed-cycle aquaculture of <i>Panulirus ornatus</i> now provides the foundation for applying these molecular resources to address key production bottlenecks, including larval duration, cannibalism, and asynchronous moulting. We propose future directions integrating genomics, transcriptomics, and functional tools to accelerate sustainable domestication and genetic improvement of lobsters. Together, these advances mark a pivotal shift toward genomically informed spiny lobster aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Genogroups to Control Strategies: A Comprehensive Review of Piscirickettsia salmonis and Piscirickettsiosis to Optimize Health Management in Salmonid Aquaculture","authors":"Marco Rozas-Serri","doi":"10.1111/raq.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Piscirickettsiosis, caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium <i>Piscirickettsia salmonis</i>, remains the primary infectious disease economically limiting salmonid aquaculture in Chile, while its incidence has also increased in farmed salmonids in Ireland, Scotland, Australia, and Canada in recent years. This comprehensive review synthesizes 181 peer-reviewed publications (2014–2026) to integrate transformative advances in <i>P. salmonis</i> genomics, pathogenesis, epidemiology, host immunity, and control strategies, updating the foundational 2014 review by Rozas and Enríquez. Comparative genomic studies have consistently resolved LF-89-like and EM-90-like isolates as two distinct phylogenomic clusters, with marked differences in pan-genome composition, lineage-specific proteins, ribosomal operon organization, and Dot/Icm-associated genomic architecture, supporting genogroup-level divergence that should not be inferred from any single threshold-based metric such as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) alone. Genogroup-specific disease phenotypes are also well established. LF-89 produces chronic granulomatous infections, whereas EM-90 causes acute hemorrhagic septicemia. Mechanistically, <i>P. salmonis</i> evades cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting phagosome–lysosome fusion and suppressing MHC-I–mediated antigen presentation, impairing CD8⁺ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte priming and likely explaining the consistently low vaccine efficacy and genogroup-restricted cross-protection observed under field conditions. Treatment failures persist despite absent widespread acquired resistance, attributable to intracellular persistence, biofilm formation, and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic mismatches. Despite exponential growth in mechanistic knowledge, a substantial translational gap persists between research findings and operational implementation. This review identifies critical priorities requiring urgent investment: genogroup-specific bivalent vaccine development, climate-adaptive biosecurity frameworks, molecular diagnostic standardization for real-time genogroup surveillance, and integrated control strategies tailored to <i>P. salmonis</i> genomic heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can AI Write Your Next Review? Yes. Does That Make Real Review Articles Redundant? No","authors":"Giovanni M. Turchini","doi":"10.1111/raq.70196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70196","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Artificial intelligence has arrived in scientific publishing with a speed that few other tools have matched, and review journals sit close to the centre of that change. A review article, after all, is fundamentally an exercise in synthesis: gathering, weighing and making sense of a body of published work. That is precisely the kind of task AI is becoming remarkably good at. It is therefore worth asking, plainly, whether AI is about to make review articles redundant, or whether it is instead sharpening what makes them valuable in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;AI is, without question, an excellent research tool, and its rapid integration into scientific practice over the past few years has been well documented [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Across the sciences it now helps with generating hypotheses, designing experiments, analysing data and drafting grants and manuscripts. It is also useful for coding and statistics. For review writing specifically, its usefulness is even more direct. It can screen large bodies of literature quickly, extract tables, numbers, and key findings from dozens of papers at once, and help authors structure a clear, logical narrative.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the most valuable applications, though, has little to do with synthesis and everything to do with access. AI-assisted proofreading and editing can lift a manuscript to a professional standard, without the cost of a paid editorial service. This matters most for authors writing in a second language, and it is not a minor convenience. Amano and colleagues [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] surveyed 908 researchers across eight nationalities. Non-native English speakers spend substantially more time reading, writing and preparing presentations in English than their native-speaking peers. They are also more likely to have papers rejected or sent back for revision because of the writing itself, regardless of the quality of the underlying science. The authors argue that journals and universities should support the appropriate use of AI tools for exactly this purpose, to reduce language barriers and improve equity in science. This is a documented, quantified disadvantage, and AI genuinely helps address it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This matters beyond fairness to the individual. A more linguistically diverse pool of contributing authors is also a more cognitively diverse one, and diversity of this kind has a demonstrable effect on collective problem solving. Hong and Page [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] showed, through both computational modelling and mathematical proof, that a randomly assembled group of capable problem solvers can outperform a group made up only of the highest individual performers. Functional diversity in how people approach a problem adds more to collective performance than raw ability alone. Extended to our own field, the implication is worth taking seriously: a scientific community that lowers the cost of participation for non-native English speakers is not only fairer, it is likely better at solving hard problems. AI, in reducing th","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Throughput Sequencing in Aquaculture Disease Investigations: Challenges and Opportunities for Implementation","authors":"Francisca Samsing,&nbsp;Phoebe Arbon,&nbsp;Matthew Arnold,&nbsp;Andrew C. Barnes,&nbsp;David Bass,&nbsp;Joy A. Becker,&nbsp;Jerusha Bennett,&nbsp;Charles Caraguel,&nbsp;Jeremy Carson,&nbsp;Vincenzo A. Costa,&nbsp;Thomas Dumond,&nbsp;Jemma Geoghegan,&nbsp;Kate S. Hutson,&nbsp;Garry Knowles,&nbsp;Jasmine Knowles,&nbsp;Katherine Lockton,&nbsp;Matthew Pope,&nbsp;Oleksandra Rudenko,&nbsp;Roisin Sullivan,&nbsp;Felix Zareie-Vaux,&nbsp;Jane Williams,&nbsp;Kerrie Wiley","doi":"10.1111/raq.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current generation of sequencing technologies can produce terabases of data with exceptional accuracy and speed, at a fraction of the cost of older methods. Despite this unprecedented power, adoption into aquaculture health management presents several challenges, including identifying where such capability may be optimally deployed. Here we synthesise discussions from a structured expert workshop held at the 2025 Aotearoa Aquatic Diseases Symposium in Dunedin, New Zealand, where experts from industry, government and academia explored the challenges and opportunities for adopting high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to support disease investigations in aquaculture. Workshop participants identified key applications for HTS, including pathogen discovery during unexplained mortality events and source attribution in epidemics, but also noted technical, regulatory and social challenges for widespread adoption. These include the need for standardised sampling and bioinformatic workflows, data sovereignty, equitable access to the technology and uncertainty around interpreting detection of notifiable pathogens. Targeted research and coordinated regulatory frameworks will be essential to guide responsible use of HTS and determine where it adds value relative to existing approaches. Clarifying these opportunities and constraints will guide the responsible adoption of HTS into aquaculture health management to support sustainable growth for the sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/raq.70193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148596243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV): Biology, Immune Responses and Control Strategies","authors":"Waqar Younas,&nbsp;Mijuan Shi,&nbsp;Rong Huang,&nbsp;Yaping Wang,&nbsp;Libo He,&nbsp;Hong Yang,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Yingyin Cheng,&nbsp;Wanting Zhang,&nbsp;Lanjie Liao,&nbsp;Yongming Li,&nbsp;Bin Gui,&nbsp;Zohaib Noor,&nbsp;Fahim Ullah Khan,&nbsp;Zhen Xu,&nbsp;Xiao-Qin Xia","doi":"10.1111/raq.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/raq.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the world's population grows, aquaculture is becoming a rapidly growing source of protein. Grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) is one of the most important aquacultured species in China and has emerged as a significant commercial fish worldwide. However, grass carp reovirus (GCRV) poses a significant threat to grass carp aquaculture. This review covers GCRV biology, phylogeny, pathogenesis, immune response pathways, therapeutic approaches, and future challenges and directions. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis describes the structure of GCRV, its entry into cells, its molecular architecture, its replication procedures and its interactions with the host, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs). The paper explores how PRRs, such as RLRs (RIG-I and MDA5) and TLRs (TLR3 and TLR19), are essential for identifying GCRV and initiating robust antiviral responses, particularly the interferon pathway. The paper goes on to explain the complex immune evasion tactics employed by GCRV, emphasizing how viral proteins such as VP41, VP4 and VP56 selectively target and interfere with critical components of PRR signaling cascades, such as MAVS-TBK1 and MITA/STING, thereby reducing host immunity. Various next-generation vaccines are being developed, including DNA, subunit, VLP and oral/mucosal platforms. These are supported by Chinese herbal and chemical antivirals. According to CRISPR/Cas9, experimental RNAi, PI4KB and SOCS3a/3b are host genes that can be altered to increase grass carp resistance to GCRV. This research offers significant insights into viral cell invasion and strengthens innate and adaptive immunity, enabling safer, more practical and multilayered control in aquaculture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":227,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Aquaculture","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148595631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}