Ciprian V. Pop, Andi Buzo, G. Pelz, H. Cucu, C. Burileanu
{"title":"Methodology for determining the influencing factors of lifetime variation for power devices","authors":"Ciprian V. Pop, Andi Buzo, G. Pelz, H. Cucu, C. Burileanu","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400710","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method for explanation of the lifetime variation of power devices using data from different test stages. Understanding the lifetime variation is very useful in qualification, as well as in the characterization process, in order to improve the robustness of the power devices or to estimate more accurately the minimum guaranteed lifetime. Moreover, it helps design engineers better understand the root causes of the lifetime variation and use this knowledge to improve the performances of new power devices. In the proposed methodology, the variation of the lifetime is explained by the electrical parameters, measured before the stress-test. The Sensitivity Analysis presented here has the advantage of being simple and fast. It can be applied even when the number of test-runs is less than the number of factors. Moreover, it reveals not only linear correlations, but also quadratic effects and 2nd and 3rd order interactions. Eventually, the method provides the top of the most relevant electrical parameters which explain the lifetime variation. The validation of this approach has shown that 72% of the lifetime variation can be explained by the initial values of 5 electrical parameters.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127753224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of IJTAG attacks using LDPC-based feature reduction and machine learning","authors":"Xuanle Ren, Shawn Blanton, V. Tavares","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400684","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 1687 standard (IJTAG), as an extension to the IEEE 1149.1, facilitates efficient access to embedded instruments by supporting reconfigurable scan networks. Specifically, IJTAG allows each IP to be wrapped by a test data register (TDR) whose access is controlled by a segment insertion bit (SIB) or a scan-mux control bit (SCB). Because the TDRs and the SIB/SCB network are typically not public, but critical for accessing embedded instruments, they might be used for illegitimate purposes, such as dumping credential data and reverse engineering IP design. Machine learning has been proposed to detect such attacks, but the large number of instruments and parallel execution enabled by the IJTAG produce high-dimensional data, which poses a challenge to on-chip detection. In this paper, we propose to reduce the high-dimensional but sparse data using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) matrix. Experiments using a modified version of the OpenSPARC T2 to include IJTAG functionality demonstrate that the use of feature reduction eliminates 91% of the features, leading to 43% reduction in circuit size without affecting detection accuracy. Also, the on-chip detector adds moderate overhead (∼ 8%) to the IJTAG.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121788700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sense amplifier offset characterisation and test implications for low-voltage SRAMs in 65 nm","authors":"Dhruv Rajendra Patel, Derek Wright, M. Sachdev","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400696","url":null,"abstract":"Variability in offset voltage, bitcell transistor conductance, and leakage currents can lead to marginal and intermittent failures in low-voltage SRAMs. In this paper, we develop a model of these marginal faults that includes such sense amplifier and bitcell variability. Using simulations and measurement data from a 65 nm test chip, we investigate the likelihood of these failures and propose how to stimulate their occurrence during testing.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131323432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. P. Dixit, Divyeshkumar Dhanjibhai Vora, Ke Peng
{"title":"Challenges in Cell-Aware Test","authors":"S. P. Dixit, Divyeshkumar Dhanjibhai Vora, Ke Peng","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400700","url":null,"abstract":"Physical defects like opens and bridging defects can occur during the fabrication process of integrated circuits. The logic level abstraction of these physical defects, named fault models like stuck-at, transition, bridge, and small-delay defect, have been proposed, and are widely used in the industry for Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG). However, as the technology moves to increasingly smaller geometries, these fault models and their associated test patterns are becoming less effective. The reason behind this is that existing fault models only consider faults on cell inputs and outputs, plus the interconnects between them. A growing number of defects occur within the cells, which are not explicitly targeted by traditional ATPG. N-detect algorithms can potentially test such defects by generating multiple patterns which detect cell-internal defects randomly. Cell-Aware Test (CAT) tries to solve this problem by uniquely targeting every possible internal defect. This is done via a series of analog simulations of all possible input combinations for all identified possible defects, which come at a significant runtime penalty. This paper shows a comparison of the static and transition patterns that are generated by the CAT methodology and the traditional ATPG for different library and cell parameters. This paper also aims to throw light on the quality concerns of the generated User Defined Fault Model (UDFM) by comparing results while varying different parameters of analog simulations, which reflect the variation due to Process, Voltage and Temperature (PVT). The increase in performance, pattern count and test coverage with respect to two Arm designs is also presented, which reflects the actual cost and gains of the CAT model over traditional ATPG.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131328759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and testing comparison faults of memristive ternary content addressable memories","authors":"Li-Wei Deng, Jin-Fu Li, Yong-Xiao Chen","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400695","url":null,"abstract":"Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) is widely used for the network applications. However, TCAM is a power- and area-consuming component. Memristor-based TCAM is considered as a good alternative for reducing the required power and area. In this paper, we define comparison faults of 5T2R memristor-based TCAMs. Electrical defects such as transistor stuck-open/stuck-on, resistive open, short, and bridge are comprehensively injected and simulated by Hspice. We also propose a March-like test March-MCAM to fully cover the defined comparison faults. March-MCAM requires 6N Write operations and (14N + 2B) Compare operations for an N × B-bit mrTCAM.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132739103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martha Johanna Sepúlveda, Damian Aboul-Hassan, G. Sigl, B. Becker, M. Sauer
{"title":"Towards the formal verification of security properties of a Network-on-Chip router","authors":"Martha Johanna Sepúlveda, Damian Aboul-Hassan, G. Sigl, B. Becker, M. Sauer","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400692","url":null,"abstract":"Vulnerabilities and design flaws in Network-on-Chip (NoC) routers can be exploited in order to spy, modify and constraint the sensitive communication inside the Multi-Processors Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs). Although previous works address the NoC threat, finding secure and efficient solutions to verify the security is still a challenge. In this work, we propose for the first time a method to formally verify the correctness and the security properties of a NoC router in order to provide the proper communication functionality and to avoid NoC attacks. We present a generalized verification flow that proves a wide set of implementation-independent security-related properties to hold. We employ unbounded model checking techniques to account for the highly-sequential behaviour of the NoC systems. The evaluation results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by presenting verification results of six different NoC routing architectures demonstrating the vulnerabilities of each design.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131216205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On no-reference on-line error-tolerability testing for videos","authors":"Tong-Yu Hsieh, Shang-En Chan, Chi-Hsuan Ho","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400711","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate how to achieve on-line error-tolerability testing on videos. In particular, a no-reference manner is considered, which means that no reference videos are needed for comparison with the videos under test. As a result, the hardware that is usually needed in conventional on-line test methods for generating reference data can be totally eliminated. This greatly reduces implementation complexity of on-line test procedures. We show that by well exploiting some simple attributes, the acceptability for 81,412 various erroneous videos can be accurately determined with more than 90% accuracy. As a comparison, the related previous work can only achieve about 80% accuracy. In addition, our attribute acquirement process requires only 33% of the computation time for the previous work.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129287776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ADC test methods using an impure stimulus: A survey","authors":"J. Schat","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400687","url":null,"abstract":"Testing high-resolution ADCs with impure test signals can be done by applying first the original test signal to the ADC, and then the same signal with a DC offset. The two output data sets then have a lot of redundancy that can be used to calculate the ADC's performance parameters, e.g. INL and DNL. While there are a number of algorithms and proposals to perform such tests, they are until now only very rarely used by ATE vendors or ADC IP suppliers. This is astonishing since they can substantially reduce production test costs with little effort. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of the different methods, depicts their possibilities and drawbacks, and tries to answer why all of these methods are so far from being widely used.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121204854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A software reconfigurable assertion checking unit for run-time error detection","authors":"Yumin Zhou, S. Burg, O. Bringmann, W. Rosenstiel","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400691","url":null,"abstract":"The stress of verifying and validating nowadays complex systems is continuously boosting. To address this imperative issue, we present an optimised assertion checking approach that dynamically implements an instruction-based checker to validate system properties during run-time. In contrast to state-of-the-art hardware checker, the presented method compiles an assertion to a microprogram, which can be changed very flexibly by software for the in-silicon validation. A stand-alone hardware block, named assertion checking unit (ACU), is designed for executing the compiled microprogram in real-time. We have successfully evaluated this approach to detect run-time error of a prototyped cryptographic system by means of a run-time fault injection technology. Additionally, we have achieved measurable benefits of the new approach compared to the previous work.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133136364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Cilici, M. Barragán, S. Mir, E. Lauga-Larroze, S. Bourdel
{"title":"Assisted test design for non-intrusive machine learning indirect test of millimeter-wave circuits","authors":"F. Cilici, M. Barragán, S. Mir, E. Lauga-Larroze, S. Bourdel","doi":"10.1109/ETS.2018.8400689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETS.2018.8400689","url":null,"abstract":"The functional test of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuitry in the production line is a challenging task that requires costly dedicated test equipment and long test times. Machine learning indirect test offers an appealing alternative to standard mm-wave functional test by replacing the direct measurement of the circuit performances by a set of indirect measurements, usually called signatures. Machine learning regression algorithms are then used to map signatures and performances. In this work, we present a generic and automated methodology for finding an appropriate set of indirect measurements and assisting the designer with the necessary Design-for-Test circuit modifications. In order to avoid complex design modifications of mm-wave circuitry, the proposed strategy is targeted at generating a set of non-intrusive indirect measurements using process variation sensors not connected to the Device Under Test (DUT). The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a 60 GHz Power Amplifier designed in STMicroelectronics 55 nm BiCMOS technology.","PeriodicalId":223459,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 23rd European Test Symposium (ETS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134500472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}