European journal of literature, culture and the environment最新文献

{"title":"Seeing Ecophobia on a Vegan Plate","authors":"S. Estok","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3503","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a sudden growth in the vegan industry, with meatless burgers garnering a profoundly positive consumer response and even people such as Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jackie Chan supportively entering the conversation. In some ways, companies such as Beyond MeatTM and Impossible FoodsTM and films such as The Game Changers are succeeding in doing what many political vegetarians and vegans, academics, and activists have long failed to do: to have a real effect on the animal agriculture business. Perhaps this is something to celebrate, especially since (despite the arguments, protests, and even veg-friendly businesses having steadily increased) the numbers of animals involved in the industry have consistently swollen. To rest much hope in the current vegan trends would be to fall victim to a deceptively sexist and ecophobic guiding narrative. While taking big steps toward shutting down the animal agriculture business, the great strides of the vegan industry follow a well-worn path. Putting veggie patties in the meat aisle and shunning words such as “vegetarian” and “vegan” engages in a disavowal of vegetal realities, and the fact that the meat aisle itself is so heavily gendered effectively re-genders the food itself. It may all seem harmless enough—even productive—until understood within the larger context of patriarchal “attempts,” to cite Laura Wright, “to reconceptualize veganism as an alternative untramasculine choice.” The Game Changers drips with such attempts, and, like the “meatless” products now enjoying such popularity, reeks of male self-delusionalism about having discovered a healthful, new diet. There is a lot more than veggies being served up with what we might call the new veganism, and there is not much chance of really effecting change unless we look at what’s really on the plate.","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114437411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecocriticism in Poland: Then and Now","authors":"W. Małecki, Jarosław Woźniak","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3553","url":null,"abstract":"      The aim of this paper is to present a synoptic picture of the development and current state of ecocriticism in Poland. Understood in the generic sense of the study of literature and environment, ecocriticism had begun in Poland already in 1970s and has since then generated its own original tradition. Understood in the specific historical sense of a field devoted to the study of literature and environment that was consolidated in the 1990s in the USA and the UK and has then expanded both in disciplinary and national terms, ecocriticism was imported to Poland only in the beginning of the 21st century, but has managed do generate its own tradition as well. For a while, both these currents of Polish ecocriticism had run in parallel to one another, but have recently merged, stimulating new exciting developments. The paper will delineate these historical trajectories and recent developments alike. And it will also show how today’s Polish ecocriticism contributes to ecocriticism globally, not only by offering its own culturally unique perspective and archives, but also by proposing new methodologies, including so-called empirical ecocriticism, an emerging field that originates in part from Poland.","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127726301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecocriticism, Biopolitics, and Ecological Immunity","authors":"Hannes Bergthaller","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3542","url":null,"abstract":"Ecocritics tend to think of environmentalism as a form of resistance against the anthropocentrism of Western modernity. Such a view stands in contrast to biopolitical theory, which sees modernity in terms of a naturalization of the human and a generalized effort to increase the productivity of life that cuts across species lines. Building on the work of Roberto Esposito, this process can be described as a radicalized form of ecological immunization whereby humans and their domesticates are protected from the risks that attend membership in ecological communities, resulting in an “unnatural growth of the natural” (H. Arendt). The self-destructive strategies of immunization which characterize biopolitical modernity are based on a conception of life in terms of competition over scarce resources, inevitably leading to Malthusian crises. Lynn Margulis’ understanding of evolution as symbiogenesis offers an alternative on which an affirmative biopolitics balancing the demands of immunity and community can build.","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Risk Fiction and Ecocriticism","authors":"S. Mayer","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3534","url":null,"abstract":"Ecocriticism has been at the forefront of introducing risk theory and risk research to literary and cultural studies. The essay surveys this more recent trend in ecocritical scholarship, which began with the new millennium and has focused on the participation of fictional texts in various environmental risk discourses. The study of risk fiction draws our attention to cultural moments of uncertainty, threat, and instability, to risk scenarios both local and planetary—not least the risk scenarios of the Anthropocene in which species consciousness and ‘planetariness’ have become central issues. The essay reviews how key publications have shed light on the cultural and literary historical relevance of environmental risk and on various issues that are central to ecocriticism. It points out how they have sharpened our sense of both the spatial and temporal dimensions of environmental risk and environmental crisis, introduced new categories of ecocritical analysis, contributed to clarifying some of the field’s major conceptual premises, and added a new approach to genre discussions, in particular relating to fiction engaging with global anthropogenic climate change.","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122615139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Among Forests, Wetlands and Animals: Ecocriticism in the Baltics","authors":"Kadri Tüür, Ene-Reet Soovik","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3498","url":null,"abstract":"Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania often tend to be grouped together under the label of ’the Baltic countries’, yet they constitute a region characterised by a diversity which also manifests itself in the field of academic research. Still, it may be possible to detect some common elements in the ecocriticism-related activities that have been taking place in these states during the past couple of decades. The article maps the salient tendencies in the environmental humanities (including ecocriticism) of the region that recently gained an institutionalised platform in the form of the Baltic Conferences on the Environmental Humanities and Social Sciences (BALTEHUMS) that were started in 2018. A survey is given of the three countries’ most significant events and publications that have boasted an ecocritical component, ecocriticism’s institutional representation and inclusion of ecocritical issues in university syllabuses and theory textbooks, as well as some pertinent topics and sub-fields on which the scholars in these countries are currently working. Among these, various aspects of the connections of literature and the ecosystems of the forest (trees) and the mire can be noticed; while also animal studies, literary urban studies, bioand ecosemiotics and environmental history appear to have entered a fruitful dialogue with ecocritical scholarship currently conducted in the Baltics.","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131679097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traces “We” Leave Behind: Toward the Feminist Practice of Stig(e)merging","authors":"Monika Rogowska-Stangret, Olga Cielemęcka","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3487","url":null,"abstract":"espanolTal y como afirma Serpil Oppermann, “el Antropoceno ha llegado a significar un discurso grabado en la vision de escala global de las huellas sedimentarias del antropos” (“The Scale of the Anthropocene” 2). En el siguiente articulo revisamos la practica de ‘dejar huellas’ centrandonos en los residuos, pues estos son los signos que la humanidad deja atras y los territorios desechados que co-componen el mundo cultural-natural “contemporaneo” (Haraway, “Companion Species”). Situando nuestra investigacion en el contexto de la ecocritica polaca, nos gustaria reflexionar sobre el proyecto artistico de Diana Lelonek titulado “Centro para los seres vivos”. En el, la artista recoge y exhibe materias residuales que “se han convertido en el ambiente natural para muchos organismos vivos” (Lelonek). Siguiendo las huellas ambivalentes y caoticas dejadas por los desechos, ofrecemos un concepto de “estig(e)mergia” como un instrumento para pensar de nuevo los “bordes rebeldes” (“unruly edges”) (Tsing 141-54) de las tierras baldias capitalistas. Proponemos que estig(e)mergia funcione como una metodologia feminista capaz de reaccionar sensitivamente a los cambios y alteraciones en el ambiente, a las acciones y necesidades de los otros y otras, asi como a participar en el trabajo comun de remodelar del mundo desaprovechado. EnglishAs Serpil Oppermann has stated, “the Anthropocene has come to signify a discourse embedded in the “global scale” vision of the sedimentary traces of the anthropos” (“The Scale of the Anthropocene” 2). In the following article we wish to revisit the practice of leaving traces through thinking with wastes as traces human beings leave behind and lands of waste that co-compose today’s naturecultures (Haraway, “Companion Species”). Situating our research in the context of Polish ecocriticism, we would like to think-with an art project by Diana Lelonek entitled “Center for the Living Things”, in which the artist gathers and exhibits waste that “have become the natural environment for many living organisms” (Lelonek). Following the ambivalent and chaotic traces of wastes, we offer a concept of stig(e)merging to rethink the “unruly edges” (Tsing 141-54) of capitalist wastelands. We fathom stig(e)merging as a feminist methodology that relies on reacting to changes and alterations in the milieu, as well as the actions and needs of others, and on participating in the common work of reshaping the un/wasted world together with them.","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"184 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120872142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voulay-vous éc(h)opoétizay aveck moy ?","authors":"B. Meillon","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3502","url":null,"abstract":"     L’émergence d’un vif intérêt en France pour l’écocritique prête à débat quant à de potentielles spécificités françaises dans ce champ d’études. Nombre d’universitaires francophones se sont emparés du terme « écopoétique ». Certain.es revendiquent une attention plus fine portée à la texture poétique de la littérature, contrairement aux anglophones qui resteraient selon eux plus focalisés sur des aspects idéologiques et thématiques de la littérature environnementale. En m’appuyant sur ma propre expérience liminaire en tant qu’universitaire bilingue et biculturelle, et ayant été formée aux études anglophones à l’Université française mais avec un socle de lectures émanant surtout sur la culture anglophone, je propose ici un essai sous forme de récit, où j’entretisse les divers fils culturels avec lesquels j’ai appris à composer. Je cherche ainsi à démêler les influences multiculturelles enchevêtrées dans mes travaux de recherche en écopoétique et écoféminisme, autre courant écocritique qui fut largement ignoré en France, soudain en vogue aujourd’hui. En outre, cet essai dessine certaines des tendances et initiatives récentes et pionnières en France qui rassemblent les universitaires et divers réseaux autour de l’écocritique francophone, actuellement en plein essor. Pour finir, j’éclaire certains des travaux entrepris au sein de l’atelier d’écopoétique, d’écocritique et d’écoanthropologie de l’Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, à présent baptisé OIKOS, et je synthétise les lignes directrices dont nous pensons qu’elles peuvent déboucher sur une recherche novatrice.","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"84 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113968740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Identity of Hispanic Literatures: One Breath, a Million Words","authors":"José Manuel O Henriquez","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3496","url":null,"abstract":"      Nothing can stop the tides of innovation in art: it is this idea that a captive, dirty, weak, and hungry Don Quixote embraced to affirm himself as the heroic referent for the emerging Romance literatures. Indeed, this adaptability has been the secret of his longevity in the Western canon. Like Don Quixote, Hispanic literatures cannot build their identity on a pristine, metropolitan, and uniform Spanish language elevated by its exclusivity. If literary Hispanism is to be alive, it needs to evolve into a complex cultural construction that binds together the oral and literat­e languages of America and Spain and takes into account transatlantic flows and contradictions. Breathing, a common feature of both literary patterns and a rhythm of nature, will serve as the much-needed metaphor to bridge Latin American oral cultures, which have found permanence and expression in written texts, with literate cultures, including even the most urban, digital, and technologically advanced from Mexico, Chile or Spain. ­","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116544089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Ecocriticisms: Narrative, Affective, Empirical and Mindful","authors":"G. Gaard","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3520","url":null,"abstract":"What seem like “new” developments in Ecocriticism have actually been nascent, articulated in conversations and blogs, soon emerging in presentations and print over the past five or more years. Responding to climate change numbing, ecocritics have explored the potential “arithmetic of compassion” (Slovic & Slovic 2015) and the “caring exhaustion” that arises when the numbers of those suffering— humans, animals, ecosystems—becomes too high to encompass. Human responses to the increasingly frightening scenarios of climate change futures have been termed “eco-anxiety” and “eco-grief” (Hutner 2015; Ray 2019). New developments in ecocriticism arise through the nexus of econarratology, affective ecocriticism, empirical ecocriticism, and mindful /Zen ecocriticism. I discuss this continuing trajectory in ecocriticism, developing from econarrative through ecoaffect (approaches that describe readers’ responses to climate change narratives) and on to empirical and mindful / Zen ecocriticisms (approaches that seek to offer strategies for responding to climate change narratives through affect, activism, and contemplative approaches, and for evaluating the efficacy of those strategies).","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124832513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Cultivating an Ability to Imagine\": Ryan Walsh's Reckonings and the Poetics of Toxicity","authors":"S. Slovic","doi":"10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3467","url":null,"abstract":"For nearly two decades since Lawrence Buell defined and anatomized “toxic discourse” in Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond (2001), the storying of toxic experience has received fruitful theoretical and literary attention. Throughout the world, citizens have come to terms with the reality that we live on a poisoned planet and the poisons in our environment are also in ourselves—the poisons our industrial activities spew into the air, water, soil, and food are almost imperceptibly (“slowly,” as Rob Nixon would put it) absorbed into all of our bodies (through the process Stacy Alaimo described as “transcorporeality”). Biologist and literary activist Sandra Steingraber stated in Living Downstream: A Scientist’s Personal Investigation of Cancer and the Environment (1997) that we must “cultivat[e] an ability to imagine” in order to appreciate the meaning of our post-industrial lives. In this essay, I focus on Ryan Walsh’s new collection of poetry, Reckonings (2019), and on Pramod K. Nayar’s recent ecocritical study, Bhopal’s Ecological Gothic: Disaster, Precarity, and the Biopolitical Uncanny (2017), in order to propose and define an evolving “poetics of toxicity.”","PeriodicalId":222311,"journal":{"name":"European journal of literature, culture and the environment","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131667598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}