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Prediction of Ionograms With/Without Spread-F at Hainan by a Combined Spatio-Temporal Neural Network 利用时空组合神经网络预测海南有/无展宽-F 的电离层图
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003727
Pengdong Gao, Jinhui Cai, Zheng Wang, Chu Qiu, Guojun Wang, Quan Qi, Bo Wang, Jiankui Shi, Xiao Wang, Kai Ding
{"title":"Prediction of Ionograms With/Without Spread-F at Hainan by a Combined Spatio-Temporal Neural Network","authors":"Pengdong Gao, Jinhui Cai, Zheng Wang, Chu Qiu, Guojun Wang, Quan Qi, Bo Wang, Jiankui Shi, Xiao Wang, Kai Ding","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003727","url":null,"abstract":"An intelligent high-definition and short-term prediction of ionograms with/without Spread-F for the observation at Hainan (19.5°N, 109.1°E, magnetic 11°N) is presented in this paper, which comprises a spatio-temporal ConvGRU network and a super-resolution EDSR network. Our prediction is based on spatio-temporal features in the ionogram graph only. There are 469,227 ionograms classified into 5 categories, that is, frequency/range/mix/strong range/no Spread F, over a solar cycle (14 years) labeled manually by the research group, and we process these ionograms into two data sets for training the two networks mentioned above. A series of comprehensive experiments have been designed and conducted to determine the optimal super-parameters. Our method inputs 8 consecutive authentic ionograms (lasting 2 hr) and generates the next 2 figures (next 30 min). Remarkably, all predicted figures achieve a high accuracy rate of over 94% in predicting the occurrence of Spread-F.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collection, Collation, and Comparison of 3D Coronal CME Reconstructions 三维日冕 CME 重建的收集、整理和比较
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003796
C. Kay, E. Palmerio
{"title":"Collection, Collation, and Comparison of 3D Coronal CME Reconstructions","authors":"C. Kay, E. Palmerio","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003796","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the impacts of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is a major focus of current space weather forecasting efforts. Typically, CME properties are reconstructed from stereoscopic coronal images and then used to forward model a CME's interplanetary evolution. Knowing the uncertainty in the coronal reconstructions is then a critical factor in determining the uncertainty of any predictions. A growing number of catalogs of coronal CME reconstructions exist, but no extensive comparison between these catalogs has yet been performed. Here we develop a Living List of Attributes Measured in Any Coronal Reconstruction (LLAMACoRe), an online collection of individual catalogs, which we intend to continually update. In this first version, we use results from 24 different catalogs with 3D reconstructions using Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory observations between 2007 and 2014. We have collated the individual catalogs, determining which reconstructions correspond to the same events. LLAMACoRe contains 2,954 reconstructions for 1,862 CMEs. Of these, 511 CMEs contain multiple reconstructions from different catalogs. Using the best-constrained values for each CME, we find that the combined catalog reproduces the generally known solar cycle trends. We determine the typical difference we would expect between two independent reconstructions of the same event and find values of 4.0° in the latitude, 8.0° in the longitude, 24.0° in the tilt, 9.3° in the angular width, 0.1 in the shape parameter <i>κ</i>, 115 km/s in the velocity, and 2.5 × 10<sup>15</sup> g in the mass. These remain the most probable values over the solar cycle, though we find more extreme outliers in the deviation toward solar maximum.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-Term Variation of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Radiation Dose Rates 银河宇宙射线辐射剂量率的长期变化
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003804
D. Lyu, G. Qin, Z.-N. Shen
{"title":"Long-Term Variation of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Radiation Dose Rates","authors":"D. Lyu, G. Qin, Z.-N. Shen","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003804","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a model for calculating the galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) radiation dose rate is developed. The model is based on a GCR modulation model, which is established by Shen and Qin, and the fluence-dose conversion coefficients (FDCCs) published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). With the model, the radiation absorbed dose rate of GCRs near the lunar surface over long time periods is calculated and compared with the observation data from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation and the Lunar Lander Neutron and Dosimetry. First, the energy spectrum of GCRs at 1 AU in the ecliptic, where the lunar orbit is located, is computed using the GCR modulation model. Then, using the FDCCs of ICRP 123, the absorbed dose rates of 15 human organs/tissues at the lunar orbit position are calculated to represent the general absorbed dose rate of the body (in water). Furthermore, considering the albedo radiation (excluding neutrons) and using the water-silicon conversion coefficients, the total absorbed dose rates of GCRs near the lunar surface (in silicon) are calculated, it is shown that our modeling results generally agree with the observations from spacecraft. This work is useful for future manned space exploration to the Moon or other celestial bodies in the solar system.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Transfer Learning Method to Generate Synthetic Synoptic Magnetograms 生成合成同步磁图的迁移学习方法
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003499
Xiaoyue Li, Senthamizh Pavai Valliappan, Daria Shukhobodskaia, Mark D. Butala, Luciano Rodriguez, Jasmina Magdalenic, Véronique Delouille
{"title":"A Transfer Learning Method to Generate Synthetic Synoptic Magnetograms","authors":"Xiaoyue Li, Senthamizh Pavai Valliappan, Daria Shukhobodskaia, Mark D. Butala, Luciano Rodriguez, Jasmina Magdalenic, Véronique Delouille","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003499","url":null,"abstract":"Current magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models largely rely on synoptic magnetograms, such as the ones produced by the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG). Magnetograms are currently available mostly from the front side of the Sun, which significantly reduces the accuracy of MHD modeling. Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) images can instead be obtained from other vantage points. To investigate the potential, we explore the possibility of using EUV information from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) to directly generate the input for the state-of-the-art 3D MHD model European Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA). Toward this goal, we develop a method called Transfer-Solar-GAN which combines a conditional generative adversarial network with a transfer learning approach to overcome training data set limitations. The source domain data set is constructed from multiple pairs of the central portion of co-registered AIA and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) line of sight (LOS) full-disk images, while the target domain is constructed from pairs of portions of AIA and GONG sine-latitude synoptic maps that we call <i>segments</i>. We evaluate Transfer-Solar-GAN by comparing modeled and measured solar wind velocity and magnetic field density parameters at the <i>L</i><sub>1</sub> Lagrange point and along the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) trajectory which were determined with EUHFORIA using both empirical GONG and artificial-intelligence (AI)-synthetic synoptic magnetograms as inputs. Our results demonstrate that the Transfer-Solar-GAN model can provide the necessary information to run solar physics models by EUV information. Our proposed model is trained with only 528 paired image segments and enforces a reliable data division strategy.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139517501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of Scintillation Events With Basis on L1 Transmissions From Geostationary SBAS Satellites 以地球静止 SBAS 卫星的 L1 传输为基础确定闪烁事件的特征
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003656
Alison Moraes, Jonas Sousasantos, Emanoel Costa, Bruno Augusto Pereira, Fabiano Rodrigues, João Francisco Galera Monico
{"title":"Characterization of Scintillation Events With Basis on L1 Transmissions From Geostationary SBAS Satellites","authors":"Alison Moraes, Jonas Sousasantos, Emanoel Costa, Bruno Augusto Pereira, Fabiano Rodrigues, João Francisco Galera Monico","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003656","url":null,"abstract":"Signals recorded by two stations in the Brazilian region: [Fortaleza (3.74°S, 38.57°W) and Inconfidentes (22.31°S, 46.32°W)], receiving L1 transmissions from different geostationary satellites, were used to evaluate the amplitude scintillation index <i>S</i><sub>4</sub> and several characteristics of scintillation events (continuous record with <i>S</i><sub>4</sub> &gt; 0.2) during nighttime hours (18:00 LT–02:00 LT) in the years 2014–2016. The effects from solar activity, season, and local time on the number of scintillation events per night, maximum scintillation, scintillation event duration, and spacing between consecutive events will be discussed. The results indicate that: (a) scintillation occurs from September to March in both links; (b) the most likely numbers of observed scintillation events per night were two or three, particularly during the first 2 years; (c) on average, the first scintillation event usually had larger maximum <i>S</i><sub>4</sub> values when compared to those of the later ones along the night; (d) the first scintillation event had a longer mean duration than the succeeding ones in a given night; (e) the durations of scintillation events, regardless of their numbers per night and the location, decreased with local time; (f) the opposite dependence of spacings between consecutive events on local time was observed; (g) the cumulative distribution functions of the scintillation onset time indicated a strong dependence on the dip latitude of the station; and (h) early occurrences of onset times are directly related to the increased probability of the occurrence of multiple scintillation events.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139517337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
F10.7 Daily Forecast Using LSTM Combined With VMD Method F10.7 使用 LSTM 结合 VMD 方法进行每日预测
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003552
Yuhang Hao, Jianyong Lu, Guangshuai Peng, Ming Wang, Jingyuan Li, Guanchun Wei
{"title":"F10.7 Daily Forecast Using LSTM Combined With VMD Method","authors":"Yuhang Hao, Jianyong Lu, Guangshuai Peng, Ming Wang, Jingyuan Li, Guanchun Wei","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003552","url":null,"abstract":"The <i>F</i><sub>10.7</sub> solar radiation flux is a well-known parameter that is closely linked to solar activity, serving as a key index for measuring the level of solar activity. In this study, the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) network are combined to construct a VMD-LSTM model for predicting <i>F</i><sub>10.7</sub> values. The <i>F</i><sub>10.7</sub> sequence is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) by VMD, then the LSTM neural network is utilized to forecast each IMF. All IMF prediction results are aggregated to obtain the final <i>F</i><sub>10.7</sub> value. The data sets from 1957 to 2008 are used for training and the data sets from 2009 to 2019 are used for testing. The results show that the VMD-LSTM model achieves an annual average root mean square error of only 4.47 sfu and an annual average correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>) of 0.99 during solar cycle 24, which is significantly better than the accuracy of the LSTM model (W. Zhang et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8010030), the AR model (Du, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-020-01689-x), and the BP model (Xiao et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2017.01.001). The VMD-LSTM model exhibits strong predictive capability for the <i>F</i><sub>10.7</sub> index during solar cycle 24.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139496084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Refined Modeling of Geoeffective Fast Halo CMEs During Solar Cycle 24 太阳周期 24 期间地球效应快速晕 CME 的精细建模
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003497
E. Yordanova, M. Temmer, M. Dumbović, C. Scolini, E. Paouris, A. L. E. Werner, A. P. Dimmock, L. Sorriso-Valvo
{"title":"Refined Modeling of Geoeffective Fast Halo CMEs During Solar Cycle 24","authors":"E. Yordanova, M. Temmer, M. Dumbović, C. Scolini, E. Paouris, A. L. E. Werner, A. P. Dimmock, L. Sorriso-Valvo","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003497","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation of geoeffective fast halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from solar cycle 24 has been investigated using the European Heliospheric Forecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA), ENLIL, Drag-Based Model (DBM) and Effective Acceleration Model (EAM) models. For an objective comparison, a unified set of a small sample of CME events with similar characteristics has been selected. The same CME kinematic parameters have been used as input in the propagation models to compare their predicted arrival times and the speed of the interplanetary (IP) shocks associated with the CMEs. The performance assessment has been based on the application of an identical set of metrics. First, the modeling of the events has been done with default input concerning the background solar wind, as would be used in operations. The obtained CME arrival forecast deviates from the observations at L1, with a general underestimation of the arrival time and overestimation of the impact speed (mean absolute error [MAE]: 9.8 ± 1.8–14.6 ± 2.3 hr and 178 ± 22–376 ± 54 km/s). To address this discrepancy, we refine the models by simple changes of the density ratio (<i>dcld</i>) between the CME and IP space in the numerical, and the IP drag (<i>γ</i>) in the analytical models. This approach resulted in a reduced MAE in the forecast for the arrival time of 8.6 ± 2.2–13.5 ± 2.2 hr and the impact speed of 51 ± 6–243 ± 45 km/s. In addition, we performed multi-CME runs to simulate potential interactions. This leads, to even larger uncertainties in the forecast. Based on this study we suggest simple adjustments in the operational settings for improving the forecast of fast halo CMEs.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139496117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection and Classification of Sporadic E Using Convolutional Neural Networks 利用卷积神经网络对零星 E 进行检测和分类
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003669
J. A. Ellis, D. J. Emmons, M. B. Cohen
{"title":"Detection and Classification of Sporadic E Using Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"J. A. Ellis, D. J. Emmons, M. B. Cohen","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003669","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are developed to detect and characterize sporadic E (<i>E</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>), demonstrating an improvement over current methods. This includes a binary classification model to determine if <i>E</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> is present, followed by a regression model to estimate the <i>E</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> ordinary mode critical frequency (foEs), a proxy for the intensity, along with the height at which the <i>E</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> layer occurs (hEs). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and excess phase profiles from six Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) missions during the years 2008–2022 are used as the inputs of the model. Intensity (foEs) and the height (hEs) values are obtained from the global network of ground-based Digisonde ionosondes and are used as the “ground truth,” or target variables, during training. After corresponding the two data sets, a total of 36,521 samples are available for training and testing the models. The foEs CNN binary classification model achieved an accuracy of 74% and F1-score of 0.70. Mean absolute errors (MAE) of 0.63 MHz and 5.81 km along with root-mean squared errors (RMSE) of 0.95 MHz and 7.89 km were attained for estimating foEs and hEs, respectively, when it was known that <i>E</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> was present. When combining the classification and regression models together for use in practical applications where it is unknown if <i>E</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> is present, an foEs MAE and RMSE of 0.97 and 1.65 MHz, respectively, were realized. We implemented three other techniques for sporadic E characterization, and found that the CNN model appears to perform better.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand: Correlations and Dependance 新西兰的突发事件和地磁诱导流:相关性和依赖性
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003731
A. W. Smith, C. J. Rodger, D. H. Mac Manus, I. J. Rae, A. R. Fogg, C. Forsyth, P. Fisher, T. Petersen, M. Dalzell
{"title":"Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand: Correlations and Dependance","authors":"A. W. Smith, C. J. Rodger, D. H. Mac Manus, I. J. Rae, A. R. Fogg, C. Forsyth, P. Fisher, T. Petersen, M. Dalzell","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003731","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the Earth's geomagnetic field induce geoelectric fields in the solid Earth. These electric fields drive Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in grounded, conducting infrastructure. These GICs can damage or degrade equipment if they are sufficiently intense—understanding and forecasting them is of critical importance. One of the key magnetospheric phenomena are Sudden Commencements (SCs). To examine the potential impact of SCs we evaluate the correlation between the measured maximum GICs and rate of change of the magnetic field (<i>H</i>′) in 75 power grid transformers across New Zealand between 2001 and 2020. The maximum observed <i>H</i>′ and GIC correlate well, with correlation coefficients (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup>) around 0.7. We investigate the gradient of the relationship between <i>H</i>′ and GIC, finding a hot spot close to Dunedin: where a given <i>H</i>′ will drive the largest relative current (0.5 A nT<sup>−1</sup> min). We observe strong intralocation variability, with the gradients varying by a factor of two or more at adjacent transformers. We find that GICs are (on average) greater if they are related to: (a) Storm Sudden Commencements (SSCs; 27% larger than Sudden Impulses, SIs); (b) SCs while New Zealand is on the dayside of the Earth (27% larger than the nightside); and (c) SCs with a predominantly East-West magnetic field change (14% larger than North-South equivalents). These results are attributed to the geology of New Zealand and the geometry of the power network. We extrapolate to find that transformers near Dunedin would see 2000 A or more during a theoretical extreme SC (<i>H</i>′ = 4000 nT min<sup>−1</sup>).","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
One-Dimensional Variational Ionospheric Retrieval Using Radio Occultation Bending Angles: 1. Theory 利用无线电掩星弯曲角的一维变分电离层检索: 1. 理论
IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1029/2023sw003572
I. D. Culverwell, S. B. Healy, S. Elvidge
{"title":"One-Dimensional Variational Ionospheric Retrieval Using Radio Occultation Bending Angles: 1. Theory","authors":"I. D. Culverwell, S. B. Healy, S. Elvidge","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003572","url":null,"abstract":"A new one-dimensional variational (1D-Var) retrieval method for ionospheric GNSS radio occultation (GNSS-RO) measurements is described. The forward model implicit in the retrieval calculates the bending angles produced by a one-dimensional ionospheric electron density profile, modeled with multiple “Vary-Chap” layers. It is demonstrated that gradient based minimization techniques can be applied to this retrieval problem. The use of ionospheric bending angles is discussed. This approach circumvents the need for Differential Code Bias (DCB) estimates when using the measurements. This new, general retrieval method is applicable to both standard GNSS-RO retrieval problems, and the truncated geometry of EUMETSAT's Metop Second Generation (Metop-SG), which will provide GNSS-RO measurements up to about 600 km above the surface. The climatological a priori information used in the 1D-Var is effectively a starting point for the 1D-Var minimization, rather than a strong constraint on the final solution. In this paper the approach has been tested with 143 COSMIC-1 measurements. We find that the method converges in 135 of the cases, but around 25 of those have high “cost at convergence” values. In the companion paper (Elvidge et al., 2023), a full statistical analysis of the method, using over 10,000 COSMIC-2 measurements, has been made.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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