新西兰的突发事件和地磁诱导流:相关性和依赖性

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学
Space Weather Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI:10.1029/2023sw003731
A. W. Smith, C. J. Rodger, D. H. Mac Manus, I. J. Rae, A. R. Fogg, C. Forsyth, P. Fisher, T. Petersen, M. Dalzell
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引用次数: 0

摘要

地球地磁场的变化会在固体地球中产生地电场。这些电场会在接地的导电基础设施中产生地磁诱导电流(GIC)。如果这些地磁诱导电流强度足够大,就会损坏设备或使设备性能下降,因此了解和预测这些地磁诱导电流至关重要。磁层的关键现象之一是突然启动(SC)。为了研究骤变的潜在影响,我们评估了 2001 年至 2020 年期间新西兰 75 个电网变压器中测得的最大 GIC 与磁场变化率(H′)之间的相关性。观测到的最大 H′与 GIC 相关性良好,相关系数 (r2) 约为 0.7。我们研究了 H′和 GIC 之间的梯度关系,发现了一个靠近但尼丁的热点区域:在该区域,给定的 H′将驱动最大的相对电流(0.5 A nT-1 min)。我们观察到强烈的位置内变化,相邻变压器的梯度相差两倍或更多。我们发现,如果 GIC 与以下情况有关,则 GIC(平均)更大:(a) 风暴突变(SSCs;比突变脉冲(SIs)大 27%);(b) 新西兰处于地球日侧时的突变(比夜侧大 27%);以及 (c) 主要为东西磁场变化的突变(比南北磁场变化大 14%)。这些结果归因于新西兰的地质和电力网络的几何形状。我们推断,达尼丁附近的变压器在理论上的极端 SC(H′ = 4000 nT min-1)期间会出现 2000 A 或更大的电流。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sudden Commencements and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in New Zealand: Correlations and Dependance
Changes in the Earth's geomagnetic field induce geoelectric fields in the solid Earth. These electric fields drive Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in grounded, conducting infrastructure. These GICs can damage or degrade equipment if they are sufficiently intense—understanding and forecasting them is of critical importance. One of the key magnetospheric phenomena are Sudden Commencements (SCs). To examine the potential impact of SCs we evaluate the correlation between the measured maximum GICs and rate of change of the magnetic field (H′) in 75 power grid transformers across New Zealand between 2001 and 2020. The maximum observed H′ and GIC correlate well, with correlation coefficients (r2) around 0.7. We investigate the gradient of the relationship between H′ and GIC, finding a hot spot close to Dunedin: where a given H′ will drive the largest relative current (0.5 A nT−1 min). We observe strong intralocation variability, with the gradients varying by a factor of two or more at adjacent transformers. We find that GICs are (on average) greater if they are related to: (a) Storm Sudden Commencements (SSCs; 27% larger than Sudden Impulses, SIs); (b) SCs while New Zealand is on the dayside of the Earth (27% larger than the nightside); and (c) SCs with a predominantly East-West magnetic field change (14% larger than North-South equivalents). These results are attributed to the geology of New Zealand and the geometry of the power network. We extrapolate to find that transformers near Dunedin would see 2000 A or more during a theoretical extreme SC (H′ = 4000 nT min−1).
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