Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Clove essential oil-supported disposable in-tip cellulose paper (DICP) device for facile extraction of anesthetic drugs from postmortem samples: A white analytical toxicology (WAT) approach","authors":"Rajeev Jain ,&nbsp;Bhavana R. Shivankar ,&nbsp;Sailaja Krishnamurty ,&nbsp;Lateefa A. Al-Khateeb ,&nbsp;Sheetal ,&nbsp;Sarah Alharthi","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel disposable in-tip cellulose paper (DICP) device, enhanced with clove essential oil (CEO), was developed for the extraction of four anesthetic drugs (lidocaine, prilocaine, ropivacaine, and bupivacaine) from postmortem blood and urine samples. The DICP device, equipped with 1 × 3 cm CEO-impregnated cellulose paper (CP) strips (prepared via a simple dip-coating process), is attached to a 1000 μL micropipette. The findings from density functional theory (DFT) study reveals that CEO-impregnated cellulose demonstrates stronger and more diverse interactions with anesthetic drugs, as evidenced by more negative adsorption energy (−0.62 eV) and enhanced non-covalent interactions compared to cellulose alone. The procedure involves aspirating and dispensing diluted biological samples through the DICP device for 30 cycles, adsorbing the analytes onto the CEO-impregnated CP strips. The adsorbed analytes are subsequently eluted with 0.5 mL of ethyl acetate through 40 aspirating-dispensing cycles and analyzed by GC-MS. The method achieved limits of quantification as low as 0.01 μg/mL, with intra-day and inter-day precisions below 10.2 % and 14.6 %, respectively, and accuracy ranging from 90.5 % to 110.7 %. Relative recoveries ranged from 66 % to 87.6 %, while matrix effects remained consistently below 11.9 %. The DICP-GC-MS method demonstrated exceptional sustainability, achieving a whiteness score of 97.2 %, underscoring its alignment with green analytical chemistry principles and operational simplicity. Applicability was demonstrated through the successful analysis of postmortem cardiac blood in a suspected anesthetic drug overdose case, highlighting its potential as a robust, high-throughput, and eco-friendly approach for routine forensic toxicological screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102010"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable approach to fertilizer management: Microwave-assisted synthesis of slow-release ammonium-natural clinoptilolite","authors":"Sasirot Khamkure ,&nbsp;Audberto Reyes-Rosas ,&nbsp;Alejandro Zermeño González ,&nbsp;Luis Samaniego-Moreno ,&nbsp;Prócoro Gamero-Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical fertilizers are crucial for sustainable agriculture, but they present challenges such as low nutrient efficiency, groundwater contamination, and health risks. This study proposes a greenness method for synthesizing slow-release fertilizers using natural zeolite (NH₄-clinoptilolite). <strong>This study</strong> compared microwave-assisted synthesis of NH₄-zeolite A (hydrated ammonium aluminosilicate) with conventional methods to assess the impact of synthesis parameters like temperature, NH₄Cl content, and reaction time on material properties. Temperature variations between 140 and 160 °C showed no significant effect on NH₄⁺ (9.3–9.67 %) and Na (7.0–7.7 %) contents. However, NH₄Cl content and hydrothermal treating duration significantly influenced outcomes. The microwave method proved faster and more efficient, particularly at 150 °C for 7.5 min using 4.5 g of NH₄Cl. Both synthesized materials were characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR to analyze ammonium release kinetics affected by ionic strength and particle size. Microwave-assisted ion exchange was more effective for loading <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> than conventional methods requiring 2 h. The resulting zeolites A and clinoptilolite contained 10.86 % and 6.04 % <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, respectively, with release kinetics evaluated across varying ionic strengths. Four mathematical models were tested, with the Elovich equation best describing the <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> release process; microwave-treated zeolites exhibited slower, more controlled release patterns than those treated with conventional methods. This enhanced retention positions them as promising slow-release fertilizers. Through innovative microwave-assisted functionalization of zeolites as a controlled-release nitrogen source, they could improve the efficiency of this and other nutrients while minimizing leaching and environmental pollution risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A state-of-the-art review on frost resistance of fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites","authors":"Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi Wen ,&nbsp;Xu Han ,&nbsp;Jinjun Guo ,&nbsp;Shaowei Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geopolymer represents a novel, environmentally sustainable cementing material. The adoption of geopolymers as a substitute for ordinal Portland cement facilitates the recycling of industrial solid waste. The high brittleness of geopolymers poses a significant limitation to their applications. Incorporating fibers is a common method for enhancing toughness and improving crack resistance of geopolymers. Research on fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites (FRGC) has achieved notable advancements in frost resistance. However, comprehensive summaries on the frost resistance of FRGC remain limited. In this work, the specific effects of steel fiber, polymer fiber, hybrid fiber and other fiber on mass loss, compressive strength loss, flexural strength loss, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and relative dynamic elastic modulus of geopolymers after freezing-thawing (F-T) cycles are briefly reviewed. The effect of fiber content, fiber type, and fiber size on frost resistance index was compared. Different fibers have different effects on geopolymers frost resistance indexes under different F-T cycles. Within a specific fiber content range, fibers positively influence the frost resistance of geopolymers. The uniform distribution of fibers is the key to improving the frost resistance of FRGC. The formation and growth of cracks are influenced by the bridging effect of fibers, which limits the penetration of free water and enhances frost resistance. Furthermore, this study utilizes VOSviewer software for visual analysis of the literature, identifying key factors influencing frost resistance and revealing trends and hotspots in the research field. The mechanism of FRGC subjected to F-T cycles was discussed and potential directions for future research on its frost resistance were outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102006"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organometal catalyst promoted Mechano-chemical depolymerization of post-consumer Polyethylene terephthalate to non-ortho phthalate plasticizer for PVC flexibility","authors":"Naresh Kathula ,&nbsp;Mekala Lokesh ,&nbsp;Mulla Abdul Mannan ,&nbsp;Chandan K. Munagala ,&nbsp;Alka Kumari ,&nbsp;Vineet Aniya","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic waste mismanagement poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and human beings. Depolymerization through Chemical recycling (Alcoholysis) is an emerging solution. Plastic waste particularly, PET has been depolymerized through an intensified reactor system to a non-ortho phthalate green plasticizer, dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP). Different catalysts were synthesized for effective conversion with butyl stannic acid (0.5 %) resulting in 100 % conversion and 90 % yield within 180 min at refluxing 2-ethyl hexanol conditions (185–190 °C) at 1:3 feed to solvent ratio. The intensified reactor configuration reduced the PET dissolution time to 30 min by overcoming the mass transfer limitations which otherwise take 120–180 min for reaction homogenization. Product purity, DOTP was characterized by ¹H NMR with an ester content of 99.20 % by mass, acid value 0.04 mg KOH/g, APHA (&lt;5 %), and refractive index of 1.5110. A side product, terephthalic acid was formed during the product purification steps and was purified using glacial acetic acid as recrystallization media. The synthesized DOTP is further tested as a plasticizer with PVC resins in different parts per hundred (phr) to break its interstrand-dipole and soften it for specific applications. The plasticized material shows better thermal stability and more flexibility than pure PVC with a maximum tensile strength of 18.74 ± 0.4155 MPa for 33.3 phr. This work provides a sustainable pathway from a linear to a circular economy using an organometal catalyst for PET depolymerization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102000"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enantioselective extraction of ibuprofen enantiomers using quinine-terminated tetra-arm PEGs as a recyclable chiral selector","authors":"Gang Hu ,&nbsp;Qiang Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Mao ,&nbsp;Shufen Qin ,&nbsp;Kedi Yang ,&nbsp;Li Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel chiral quinine-terminated tetra-arm PEGs (Quin@4-arm PEGs) was synthesized from tetra-arm PEGs and natural quinine, demonstrating significant chiral recognition of ibuprofen enantiomers, as confirmed by NMR analysis. We have developed a biphasic chiral extraction system to separate the two enantiomers of ibuprofen using the as-prepared Quin@4-arm PEGs as the chiral selector. We explored several extraction parameters, including pH, chiral selector concentration, initial ibuprofen concentration, and temperature, to evaluate their influence on the enantiomeric excess and distribution behavior of the two enantiomers. The optimal conditions for the enantioselective extraction of ibuprofen enantiomers were determined using response surface methodology. The results showed that a single chiral extraction could achieve an enantiomeric excess of up to 54 % and a yield exceeding 80 % for <em>S</em>-ibuprofen at the initial ibuprofen concentration of 0.09 mg⋅mL⁻¹, with 2.22 % Quin@4-arm PEGs, a pH of 7.6 and a temperature of 18.0 °C. In addition, back-extraction experiments demonstrated the effective recycling of the chiral selector in this chiral extraction system, achieving similar enantioselective extraction results over seven cycles. This work provides an effective method for separating ibuprofen enantiomers using quinine-terminated tetra-arm PEGs as a recyclable chiral selector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of solubilization pH and dehulling on hempseed protein recovery: Chemical characterization, physical properties, and preliminary study of carbon dots synthesis from residual solids","authors":"Aikaterini Natsia ,&nbsp;Aikaterini Papadaki ,&nbsp;Harris Papapostolou ,&nbsp;Natalia-Maria Christopoulou ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Kopsahelis","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consumer demand for healthier and more sustainable food products is steadily increasing, with strong interest in alternative protein sources such as hempseed (<em>Cannabis sativa</em> L.). However, the shift toward new protein sources requires more than merely identifying alternatives; it also necessitates optimized processing for high recovery yields and complete raw material utilization. In this study a zero-waste fractionation approach was developed to enhance protein recovery from whole and dehulled hempseeds. Following oil extraction, protein recovery was evaluated under various solubilization pH values (10, 11 and 12). Results showed that the recovery of protein isolates was significantly improved at high solubilization pH. Specifically, the highest protein recovery (22.23 g) and purity (94.5 % Kjeldahl protein) were obtained from dehulled hempseeds at pH 12. Amino acid profiles of protein isolates were similar; however, FTIR analysis revealed differences in the secondary structures of whole and dehulled protein isolates, with dehulled isolates exhibiting lower α-helix and higher β-sheet contents. Similarly, the physical properties of whole and dehulled protein isolates differed, with the latter exhibiting lower solubility and higher oil holding capacity and foaming stability. In addition, to fully utilize hempseeds, a zero-waste approach was developed by producing photoluminescent carbon dots from residual solids. Ultimately, this study is the first to propose an integrated processing concept that not only maximizes hempseed protein recovery yields but also incorporates a sustainable valorization strategy for residual solids, offering a promising approach toward the establishment of sustainable agri-food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green chemistry infographics for research-led instruction","authors":"Glenn A. Hurst ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Farmer ,&nbsp;Stephanie Jesper","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple and creative communication assessment activity to share green chemistry research via a visually appealing infographic has been devised. This represents the continuous form of assessment for an optional module in green chemistry as part of the undergraduate degree programme at Chemistry at York. Through associated digital skills training to accompany lectures in green chemistry, students are allocated a research article that is linked to the taught content where they work in groups to interpret and summarise the manuscript. Students then create their own individual infographic and associated list of key points, making links to lecture course content and overarching sustainability frameworks such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. Students also critically evaluate how green the research is that has been reported and what green improvements could be made. This assessment is relatively easy to integrate into curricula and has been completed by over 200 students since 2019 and has attracted positive feedback, relating to enjoyment, links to research, contextualisation of course content and developing scientific communication skills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of n-octadecane @ bio-based polyurea microcapsules","authors":"Xinrui Lu ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Xue ,&nbsp;Tao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phase change microcapsules for thermal energy storage have wide applications in various fields. However, only a small portion of the wall materials used for phase change materials are sourcing from biology, which puts a lot of pressure on the environment. In this paper, we prepared a bio-based polyurea microcapsule. It was prepared by the interfacial polymerization method using HMDI as an oily monomer and bio-based 1,5-pentanediamine as an aqueous monomer. The method is convenient and the optimum process conditions for microcapsule preparation were explored experimentally. The results showed that the prepared bio-based polyurea phase change microcapsules present a spherical appearance and uniform size distribution, with an average particle size of 3 μm or more. Under the optimal conditions, the microcapsules with an encapsulation efficiency of 80.9 %, showing a high enthalpy of melting of 194.2 J/g. Compared with the pure n-octadecane, the obtained microcapsules exhibit good heat-resistance. Based on the addition of 1,5-pentanediamine, the obtained microcapsules are environmentally friendly and have better prospects for energy storage. The thermoregulated fabrics were prepared using bio-based microcapsules,which have good temperature regulation and water washing resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipids from coffee silverskin: From laboratory optimization to industrial scale-up","authors":"Chiara Scapuzzi ,&nbsp;Tamara Chwojnik ,&nbsp;Luisella Verotta ,&nbsp;Giangiacomo Beretta ,&nbsp;Luciano Navarini ,&nbsp;Stefania Lupinelli ,&nbsp;Stefania Marzorati","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.102001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coffee is one of the most important food commodities worldwide. During the production of green coffee beans, the outer layers of coffee cherries are discarded generating wastes. Coffee silverskin (CS), the thin tegument covering green coffee beans, is the sole by-product of coffee roasting and is generated in importing countries. CS could be reused in other productive processes due to its interesting chemical composition. In particular, the lipidic fraction of CS presents potentialities in pharmaceutical, packaging, and cosmetic applications. In this work, the supercritical CO₂ extraction of lipids from CS has been optimized at lab-scale using response surface methodology, for the first time. Design of experiment (DoE) and Principal Component Analysis were employed to investigate the effect of pressure and temperature on the extraction yield and on the composition of the extract in the range 100–500 bar and 40–80 °C. In particular, the different effect of temperature above and below the crossover pressure has been highlighted.</div><div>Based on DoE results, the optimal extraction conditions were set at 400 bar in a temperature range between 50 and 60 °C, applied at industrial scale. As expected, the industrial scale extraction yields resulted higher compared to those obtained in laboratory (3.4 % ± 0.3 and 2.54 % ± 0.06, respectively), while the composition of the extracts did not show significant differences in term of fatty acids. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of scaling up supercritical CO₂ extraction of lipids from coffee silverskin, offering a sustainable approach to valorise this by-product for high-value applications in various industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing phytosterols extraction from Codium tomentosum using bio-based molecular solvents and accelerated solvent extraction","authors":"Judite Resende,&nbsp;João Rocha,&nbsp;Armando J.D. Silvestre,&nbsp;Sónia A.O. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.101987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scp.2025.101987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, a new approach comprising the use of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with bio-based molecular solvents for extracting phytosterols from the macroalga <em>Codium tomentosum</em> was developed. Preliminarily, four different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and propan-2-ol) at two distinct temperatures (40 and 100 °C) were tested, with ethyl acetate at 40 °C yielding the highest phytosterol content (63.0 ± 0.14 mg phytosterols/g extract). Subsequently, the extraction conditions, namely the temperature (40–100 °C), time of extraction (15–75 min) and biomass weight (0.2–0.7 g) were optimized using a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions to maximize the phytosterols content were determined to be time of 15 min, temperature of 40 °C and biomass weight of 0.4 g biomass, for which the experimental phytosterol content was achieved to be 70.3 ± 0.20 mg of phytosterols/g of extract. The extract obtained at the optimal ASE conditions was further compared with extracts obtained by two conventional extraction procedures. Finally, the environmental analysis footprint of the ASE process compared to conventional methods was carried out using the EcoScale methodology. Overall, our process resulted in a more enriched-phytosterols extract compared to Soxhlet and solid-liquid extractions, while at the same time significantly reducing the extraction time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22138,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 101987"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}