{"title":"Validation with guided search of the state space","authors":"H. Yang, D. Dill","doi":"10.1145/277044.277201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/277044.277201","url":null,"abstract":"In practice, model checkers are most useful when they find bugs, not when they prove a property. However, because large portions of the state space of the design actually satisfy the specification, model checkers devote much effort verifying correct portions of the design. In this paper, we enhance the bug-finding capability of a model checker by using heuristics to search the states that are most likely to lead to an error, first. Reductions of 1 to 3 orders of magnitude in the number of states needed to find bugs in industrial designs have been observed. Consequently, these heuristics can extend the capability of model checkers to find bugs in designs.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122507895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"M32: a constructive multilevel logic synthesis system","authors":"Victor N. Kravets, K. Sakallah","doi":"10.1145/277044.277140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/277044.277140","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a new constructive multilevel logic synthesis system that integrates the traditionally separate technology-independent and technology-dependent stages of modern synthesis tools. Dubbed M32, this system is capable of generating circuits incrementally based on both functional as well as structural considerations. This is achieved by maintaining a dynamic structural representation of the evolving implementation and by refining it through progressive introduction of gates from a target technology library. Circuit construction proceeds from the primary inputs towards the primary outputs preliminary experimental results show that circuits generated using this approach are generally superior to those produced by multi-stage synthesis.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131373158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A fast hierarchical algorithm for 3-D capacitance extraction","authors":"Weiping Shi, Jianguo Liu, N. Kakani, T. Yu","doi":"10.1109/DAC.1998.724469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DAC.1998.724469","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new algorithm for computing the capacitance of three-dimensional perfect electrical conductors of complex structures. The new algorithm is significantly faster and uses much less memory than previous best algorithms, and is kernel independent. The new algorithm is based on a hierarchical algorithm for the n-body problem, and is an acceleration of the boundary element method for solving the integral equation associated with the capacitance extraction problem. The algorithm first adaptively subdivides the conductor surfaces into panels according to an estimation of the potential coefficients and a user-supplied error bound. The algorithm stores the potential coefficient matrix in a hierarchical data structure of size O(n), although the matrix is size n/sup 2/ if expanded explicitly, where n is the number of panels. The hierarchical data structure allows us to multiply the coefficient matrix with any vector in O(n) time. Finally, we use a generalized minimal residual algorithm to solve m linear systems each of size n/spl times/n in O(mn) time, where m is the number of conductors. The new algorithm is implemented and the performance is compared with previous best algorithms. For the k/spl times/k bus example, our algorithm is 100 to 40 times faster than FastCap, and uses 1/100 to 1/60 of the memory used by FastCap. The results computed by the new algorithm are within 2.7% from that computed by FastCap.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131403887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A BIST scheme for RTL controller-data paths based on symbolic testability analysis","authors":"Indradeep Ghosh, N. Jha, S. Bhawmik","doi":"10.1145/277044.277192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/277044.277192","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel scheme for testing register-transfer level controller/data paths using built-in self-test (BIST). The scheme uses the controller netlist and the data path of a circuit to extract a test control/data flow (TCDF) which consists of operations mapped to modules in the circuit and variables mapped to registers. This TCDF is used to derive a set of symbolic justification and propagation paths (known as test environment) to test some of the operations and variables present in it. If it becomes difficult to generate such test environments with the derived TCDFs, a few test multiplexers are added at suitable points in the circuit to increase its controllability and observability. This test environment can then be used to exercise a module or register in the circuit with pseudorandom pattern generators which are placed only at the primary inputs of the circuit. The test responses can be analyzed with signature analyzers which are only placed at the primary outputs of the circuit. Every module in the module library is made random-pattern testable, whenever possible, using gate-level testability insertion techniques. Finally a BIST controller is synthesized to provide the necessary control signals to form the different test environments during testing, and a BIST architecture is superimposed an the circuit. Experimental results on a number of industrial and university benchmarks show that high fault coverage (>99%) can be obtained with our scheme in a small number of test cycles at an average area (delay) overhead of only 6.4% (2.5 %).","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127623947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arithmetic optimization using carry-save-adders","authors":"Taewhan Kim, W. Jao, S. Tjiang","doi":"10.1109/DAC.1998.724511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DAC.1998.724511","url":null,"abstract":"Carry-save-adder (CSA) is the most often used type of operation In Implementing a fast computation of arithmetics of register-transfer level design in industry. This paper establishes a relationship between the properties of arithmetic computations and several optimizing transformations using CSAs to derive consistently better qualities of results than those of manual implementations. In particular, we introduce two important concepts, operation-duplication and operation-split, which are the main driving techniques of our algorithm for achieving an extensive utilization of CSAs. Experimental results from a set of typical arithmetic computations found in industry designs indicate that automating CSA optimization with our algorithm produces designs with significantly faster timing and less area.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134160409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process multi-circuit optimization","authors":"A. Lokanathan, J. Brockman","doi":"10.1145/277044.277149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/277044.277149","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the implementation of a concurrent methodology for integrated circuit optimization that spans the fabrication process design and circuit design disciplines. Results from this methodology show substantial performance gains as compared to a separate process/circuit optimization and a substantial time savings over an \"all-at-once\" combined optimization.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114141916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Timing and crosstalk driven area routing","authors":"Hsiao-Ping Tseng, L. Scheffer, C. Sechen","doi":"10.1145/277044.277148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/277044.277148","url":null,"abstract":"We present a timing and crosstalk driven router for the chip assembly task that is applied between global and detailed routing. Our new approach aims to process the crosstalk and timing constraints by ordering nets and tuning wire spacing in a quantitative way. Our graph-based optimizer preroutes wires on the global routing grids incrementally in two stages-net order assignment and space relaxation. The timing delay of each critical path is calculated taking into account interconnect coupling capacitance. The objective is to reduce the delays of critical nets with negative timing slack values, by tuning net ordering and adding extra wire spacing. It shows a remarkable 8.4-25% delay reduction for MCNC benchmarks for wire geometric ratio=2.0, against a 33% delay reduction if interconnect interference disappear.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124695426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A statistical performance simulation methodology for VLSI circuits","authors":"M. Orshansky, James C. Chen, C. Hu","doi":"10.1145/277044.277153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/277044.277153","url":null,"abstract":"A statistical performance simulation (SPS) methodology for VLSI circuits is presented. Traditional methods of worst-case corner analysis lack accuracy and Monte-Carlo simulations cannot be applied to VLSI circuits because of their complexity. SPS methodology is accurate because no statistical information about the device parameter variation is lost. It achieves efficiency by analyzing the smaller circuit blocks and generating the performance distribution for the entire circuit. Circuit evaluation at any specified performance level is possible.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122148104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A power macromodeling technique based on power sensitivity","authors":"Zhanping Chen, K. Roy","doi":"10.1109/DAC.1998.724557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DAC.1998.724557","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel power macromodeling technique for high level power estimation based on power sensitivity. Power sensitivity defines the change in average power due to changes in the input signal specification. The contribution of this work is that we can use only a few points to construct a complicated power surface in the specification-space. With such a power surface, we can easily obtain the power dissipation under any distribution of primary inputs. The advantages of our technique are two-fold. First, the required parameters corresponding to each representative point can be efficiently obtained by only one symbolic power estimation run or by only one Monte Carlo based statistical power estimation process. This stems from the fact that power sensitivity can be obtained as a by-product of probabilistic or statistical power estimation runs. Second, the memory requirements for the macromodel are reduced to O(dn), where n is the number of primary inputs of a circuit and d is the number of representative points (d can be as small as 1 in some cases). Results on a number of benchmark circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121417891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delay estimation of VLSI circuits from a high-level view","authors":"M. Nemani, F. Najm","doi":"10.1145/277044.277199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/277044.277199","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of the delay of a Boolean function from its functional description is an important step towards design exploration at the register transfer level (RTL). This paper addresses the problem of estimating the delay of certain optimal multi-level implementations of combinational circuits, given only their functional description. The proposed delay model uses a new complexity measure called the delay measure to estimate the delay. It has an advantage that it can be used to predict both, the minimum delay (associated with an optimum delay implementation) and the maximum delay (associated with an optimum area implementation) of a Boolean function without actually resorting to logic synthesis. The model is empirical and results demonstrating its feasibility and utility are presented.","PeriodicalId":221221,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings 1998 Design and Automation Conference. 35th DAC. (Cat. No.98CH36175)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128037027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}