Justin J Grassmeyer, Mark E Pennesi, Paul Yang, Wayne Tschetter, Lesley A Everett
{"title":"Effects of medications on the human electroretinogram: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Justin J Grassmeyer, Mark E Pennesi, Paul Yang, Wayne Tschetter, Lesley A Everett","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The electroretinogram (ERG) is a well-established method to investigate retinal function and can often provide critical diagnostic information for underlying retinal disorders. ERG responses rely on the neuronal activity of retinal cells which, like neurons elsewhere, are subject to perturbation by a wide spectrum of neuromodulating substances. These agents have the potential to confound electrophysiologic recordings used to evaluate visual function. We provide a comprehensive literature review of studies that have examined the impact of pharmacologic agents on human electrophysiologic testing of retinal function. This review is focused primarily on full-field ERG data, but also includes a limited number of studies examining effects of medications on pattern ERG and visual evoked potential recordings. The studies reviewed are categorized by medication class and evidence level according to the strength of the supporting data; for example, some included studies have a lower evidence level because they included a small number of subjects or did not use international electrophysiology testing standards. We identified numerous widely-used medications and some recreational substances that have been shown to alter ERG responses, underscoring the need to take a complete medical and medication history for each patient undergoing ERG testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ssu-Hsien Lee, Yan-Rong Ho, Hua Li, Yu-Kang Tu, Katelyn Bowman, Eric H Chou, Yuan-Chieh Lee, Hou-Ren Tsai, Tou-Yuan Tsai
{"title":"Prevalence and clinical manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection in patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ssu-Hsien Lee, Yan-Rong Ho, Hua Li, Yu-Kang Tu, Katelyn Bowman, Eric H Chou, Yuan-Chieh Lee, Hou-Ren Tsai, Tou-Yuan Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) is thought to be associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection; however, the prevalence of CMV infection and its characteristics in PSS patients varies across studies. Therefore, global estimates of CMV prevalence in PSS are needed to provide clearer insights for informing epidemiological surveillance and guiding treatment strategies. Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for population-based, clinic-based, and secondary health care database studies that reported prevalence or incidence of CMV in patient with PSS published between database inception and October 31, 2024. Meta-analysis was conducted by using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was prevalence of CMV infection in patient with PSS. Secondary outcomes were characteristics of CMV infection in patient with PSS, such as corneal endothelial cell density and filtering surgery rate. Twenty-one studies, enrolling 1265 patients with PSS, were included. The pooled prevalence of CMV infection in patients with PSS was 44.5 % (95 % CI: 36.2 %-53.1 %; I<sup>2</sup>= 73.9 %). The affected eye in patients with CMV infection had significantly lower endothelial density (mean difference, -389.8 cell/mm<sup>2</sup>; 95 % CI: -553.8 to -225.9 cell/mm<sup>2</sup>; p < 0.001; I ² = 53.8 %) and a higher risk of requiring filtration surgery than that in patients without CMV infection (pooled OR: 8.9, 95 % CI: 3.0-26.4; p < 0.001; I ² = 0 %). We highlight the prevalence and clinical outcomes of CMV infection in patients with PSS. The causal relationship between CMV infection and PSS requires exploration to inform effective diagnosis and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on: \"The applications of viscoelastic agents in vitreoretinal surgery\".","authors":"Fikret Ucar","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re: Comment on: \"The applications of viscoelastic agents in vitreoretinal surgery\".","authors":"Matteo Mario Carlà","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on: \"Postoperative complications of intrascleral intraocular lens fixation: A systematic review and meta-analysis\".","authors":"Fikret Ucar","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adjustable suture versus nonadjustable suture surgery for childhood strabismus: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Chang Liu, Ruohua Yan, Jingjing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We compare the success rate and reoperation rate between adjustable suture (AS) and non-adjustable suture (NAS) in the treatment of strabismus in pediatric patients. We conducted a comprehensive search of scientific databases, including Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials prior to November 30, 2023., aiming to identify eligible studies for meta-analysis that compared AS versus NAS in patients with strabismus. The differences observed between AS and NAS were quantified as risk differences (RDs) and risk ratios (RRs) along with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The data on success rates and reoperation rates were pooled using fixed or random effects model according to the degree of heterogeneity between studies. Subgroup analyses were further performed in patients with exotropia and esotropia. Five studies with 8744 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The success rates observed in the AS group were markedly superior to those in the NAS group, with a RD of 0.17 (95 % CI, 0.11-0.24; P < 0.001) and a RR of 1.26 (95 % CI, 1.15-1.37; P < 0.001); however, there was no significant difference in the reoperation rates between the AS and NAS groups, with a RD of -0.04 (95 % CI, -0.10-0.02; P = 0.19) and a RR of 0.66 (95 % CI, 0.40-1.10; P = 0.11). In the subgroups of exotropia and esotropia, the effect of AS on prognosis was similar. We found that the AS technique can significantly improve the success rate of surgery in the early postoperative period. More evidence-based evidence is needed in the future to confirm whether there is an advantage in the long-term success rate of AS technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elvia Mastrogiuseppe, Ludovico Alisi, Annalisa Romaniello, Lucrezia Caterino, Alessandra Spagnoli, Marco Marenco, Alessandro Lambiase, Danilo Iannetta
{"title":"Managing Cutibacterium acnes endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Elvia Mastrogiuseppe, Ludovico Alisi, Annalisa Romaniello, Lucrezia Caterino, Alessandra Spagnoli, Marco Marenco, Alessandro Lambiase, Danilo Iannetta","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutibacterium acnes endophthalmitis is a subtle, indolent infection that typically follows cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Ill-defined symptoms, false-negative cultures, and uncoordinated surgical interventions contribute to a prolonged disease course and poor visual outcomes. A comprehensive literature review spanning from 1986 to September, 2024, evaluated the management of C. acnes infections after intraocular surgeries. The primary outcome was improvement in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Secondary outcomes included BCVA, retreatments, follow-up duration, and complications stratified by primary surgical intervention. Of the 684 screened articles, 9 retrospective case series were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant visual improvement after surgeries (mean difference (MD): 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.15-1.09, p = 0.01). Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and PPV combined with IOL removal as first-line approaches yielded superior BCVA outcomes (MD: 0.70, 95 % CI 0.41-1.09, p < 0.00001). PPV-related treatments required fewer retreatments (Odds Ratio (OR): 8.85, 95 % CI: 3.29-23.83, p < 0.0001), but involved longer follow-up duration (MD: -6.53, 95 % CI: -9.57 to -3.49, p < 0.0001). Due to limited data, complications could not be analyzed. The findings suggest that PPV-related treatments significantly improve visual recovery and reduce recurrence rates, albeit with the need for extended follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia-Horung Hung, Tanya Jain, Anadi Khatri, Ba Trung Nguyen, Celine Dan-Tam Nguyen, Negin Yavari, Azadeh Mobasserian, Irmak Karaca, S Saeed Mohammadi, Ankur Sudhir Gupta, Chi Mong Christopher Or, Amir Akhavanrezayat, Cigdem Yasar, Aim-On Saengsirinavin, Ngoc Trong Tuong Than, Frances Andrea Anover, Osama Elaraby, Dalia El Feky, Woong-Sun Yoo, Xiaoyan Zhang, Zheng Xian Thng, Diana V Do, Quan Dong Nguyen
{"title":"Inherited retinal disease-associated uveitis.","authors":"Jia-Horung Hung, Tanya Jain, Anadi Khatri, Ba Trung Nguyen, Celine Dan-Tam Nguyen, Negin Yavari, Azadeh Mobasserian, Irmak Karaca, S Saeed Mohammadi, Ankur Sudhir Gupta, Chi Mong Christopher Or, Amir Akhavanrezayat, Cigdem Yasar, Aim-On Saengsirinavin, Ngoc Trong Tuong Than, Frances Andrea Anover, Osama Elaraby, Dalia El Feky, Woong-Sun Yoo, Xiaoyan Zhang, Zheng Xian Thng, Diana V Do, Quan Dong Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are genetic disorders characterized by progressive photoreceptor function loss, often leading to significant visual impairment. Uveitis has been increasingly recognized in the clinical course of some IRDs. Despite advances in understanding the genetic causes and pathophysiology of IRDs, gaps remain in understanding the roles of inflammation and autoimmunity in IRD and IRD-associated uveitis. This review discusses IRD-associated uveitis, including anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis, as well as complications such as cystoid macular edema and retinal vasculitis. In patients with IRD-associated uveitis, mutations affecting protein function in cilia or photoreceptor outer segments suggest a universal autoimmune mechanism triggered by the immunogenicity of shedding photoreceptor discs. Notably, in patients where uveitis is the initial sign, CRB1 mutations are often implicated, likely due to the compromised blood-retina barrier function or alterations in the external limiting membrane. Other mechanisms leading to uveitis preceding IRD diagnosis include ALPK1 mutations, which activate the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway, CAPN5 mutations, which lead to dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and VCAN1 mutations, which elicit immunogenicity due to irregularities in vitreous modeling. Understanding these mechanisms could enhance the development of innovative treatments that target personalized inflammation pathways in IRDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo Mario Carlà, Matteo Ripa, Emanuele Crincoli, Fiammetta Catania, Stanislao Rizzo
{"title":"The spectrum of microcystic macular edema: Pathogenetic insights, clinical entities, and functional prognosis.","authors":"Matteo Mario Carlà, Matteo Ripa, Emanuele Crincoli, Fiammetta Catania, Stanislao Rizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcystic macular edema (MME) is the presence of small cystoid abnormalities localized in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. First identified in the context of multiple sclerosis, successive reports highlighted the presence of microcystic changes in several optic nerve conditions, such as neuromyelitis optica, optic atrophy from several etiologies, medical retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, and in the postoperative period after epiretinal membrane peeling. Generally, these cysts are not associated with vascular leakage, unlike the more conventional types of macular edema from vascular origin. A number of theories have been proposed to explain these findings: the suspect of neuronal loss as causative finding made the hypothesis of retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration likely, more recently flanked by theories including the presence of vitreomacular traction and Müller cells dysfunction. We gather all the insights regarding the pathogenesis, epidemiology and functional impact of MME.</p>","PeriodicalId":22102,"journal":{"name":"Survey of ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}