Studies in Mycology最新文献

{"title":"Phytophthora: taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the genus","authors":"Z.G. Abad, T.I. Burgess, T. Bourret, K. Bensch, S.O. Cacciola, B. Scanu, R. Mathew, B. Kasiborski, S. Srivastava, K. Kageyama, J.C. Bienapfl, G. Verkleij, K. Broders, L. Schena, A.J. Redford","doi":"10.3114/sim.2023.106.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2023.106.05","url":null,"abstract":"Many members of the Oomycota genus Phytophthora cause economic and environmental impact diseases in nurseries, horticulture, forest, and natural ecosystems and many are of regulatory concern around the world. At present, there are 223 described species, including eight unculturable and three lost species. Twenty-eight species need to be redescribed or validated. A lectotype, epitype or neotype was selected for 20 species, and a redescription based on the morphological/molecular characters and phylogenetic placement is provided. In addition, the names of five species are validated: P. cajani , P. honggalleglyana (Synonym: P. hydropathica ), P. megakarya , P. pisi and P. pseudopolonica for which morphology and phylogeny are given. Two species, P. ×multiformis and P. uniformis are presented as new combinations. Phytophthora palmivora is treated with a representative strain as both lecto- and epitypification are pending. This manuscript provides the updated multigene phylogeny and molecular toolbox with seven genes (ITS rDNA, β-tub , COI , EF1α , HSP90 , L10 , and YPT1 ) generated from the type specimens of 212 validly published, and culturable species (including nine hybrid taxa). The genome information of 23 types published to date is also included. Several aspects of the taxonomic revision and phylogenetic re-evaluation of the genus including species concepts, concept and position of the phylogenetic clades recognized within Phytophthora are discussed. Some of the contents of this manuscript, including factsheets for the 212 species, are associated with the “ IDphy : molecular and morphological identification of Phytophthora based on the types” online resource (https://idtools.org/tools/1056/index.cfm). The first version of the IDphy online resource released to the public in September 2019 contained 161 species. In conjunction with this publication, we are updating the IDphy online resource to version 2 to include the 51 species recently described. The current status of the 223 described species is provided along with information on type specimens with details of the host (substrate), location, year of collection and publications. Additional information is provided regarding the ex-type culture(s) for the 212 valid culturable species and the diagnostic molecular toolbox with seven genes that includes the two metabarcoding genes (ITS and COI ) that are important for Sanger sequencing and also very valuable Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTU) for second and third generation metabarcoding High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies. The IDphy online resource will continue to be updated annually to include new descriptions. This manuscript in conjunction with IDphy represents a monographic study and the most updated revision of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Phytophthora , widely considered one of the most important genera of plant pathogens.","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136008335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The subfamily Xerocomoideae (Boletaceae, Boletales) in China","authors":"R. Xue, X. Zhang, C. Xu, H. Xie, L.L. Wu, Y. Wang, L. Tang, Y. Hao, K. Zhao, S. Jiang, Y. Li, Y.Y. Yang, Z. Li, Z. Liang, N. Zeng","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.106.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.106.03","url":null,"abstract":"Xerocomoideae is an ecologically and economically important Boletaceae subfamily (Boletales) comprising 10 genera. Although many studies have focused on Xerocomoideae in China, the diversity, taxonomy and molecular phylogeny still remained incompletely understood. In the present study, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Chinese species of Xerocomoideae were carried out by morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Eight genera in Xerocomoideae, viz. Aureoboletus, Boletellus, Heimioporus, Hemileccinum, Hourangia, Phylloporus, Pulchroboletus, and Xerocomus were confirmed to be distributed in China; 97 species of the subfamily were accepted as being distributed in China; one ambiguous taxon was tentatively named Bol. aff. putuoensis; two synonyms, viz. A. marroninus and P. dimorphus were defined. Among the Chinese accepted species, 13 were newly described, viz. A. albipes, A. conicus, A. ornatipes, Bol. erythrolepis, Bol. rubidus, Bol. sinochrysenteroides, Bol. subglobosus, Bol. zenghuoxingii, H. squamipes, P. hainanensis, Pul. erubescens, X. albotomentosus, and X. fuscatus, 36 known species were redescribed, and the other 48 species were reviewed. Keys to accepted species of Aureoboletus, Boletellus, Heimioporus, Hemileccinum, Hourangia, Phylloporus, and Xerocomus in China were also provided.","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69600489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genome-informed higher rank classification of the biotechnologically important fungal subphylum Saccharomycotina-Supplementary files","authors":"M. Groenewald","doi":"10.3114/sim.2023.105.01_supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2023.105.01_supp","url":null,"abstract":"Lv:0:53:http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" xml:lang=\"en\">Supplementary files to this article: Fig S1, Tables S1-S3.</xhtml:span>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"28 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136092822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy of <i>Aspergillus</i> series <i>Versicolores</i>: species reduction and lessons learned about intraspecific variability.","authors":"F Sklenář, K Glässnerová, Ž Jurjević, J Houbraken, R A Samson, C M Visagie, N Yilmaz, J Gené, J Cano, A J Chen, A Nováková, T Yaguchi, M Kolařík, V Hubka","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.102.02","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2022.102.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; series &lt;i&gt;Versicolores&lt;/i&gt; members occur in a wide range of environments and substrates such as indoor environments, food, clinical materials, soil, caves, marine or hypersaline ecosystems. The taxonomy of the series has undergone numerous re-arrangements including a drastic reduction in the number of species and subsequent recovery to 17 species in the last decade. The identification to species level is however problematic or impossible in some isolates even using DNA sequencing or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicating a problem in the definition of species boundaries. To revise the species limits, we assembled a large dataset of 518 strains. From these, a total of 213 strains were selected for the final analysis according to their calmodulin (&lt;i&gt;CaM&lt;/i&gt;) genotype, substrate and geography. This set was used for phylogenetic analysis based on five loci (&lt;i&gt;benA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CaM&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;RPB2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Mcm7&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Tsr1&lt;/i&gt;). Apart from the classical phylogenetic methods, we used multispecies coalescence (MSC) model-based methods, including one multilocus method (STACEY) and five single-locus methods (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP, bPTP, ABGD). Almost all species delimitation methods suggested a broad species concept with only four species consistently supported. We also demonstrated that the currently applied concept of species is not sustainable as there are incongruences between single-gene phylogenies resulting in different species identifications when using different gene regions. Morphological and physiological data showed overall lack of good, taxonomically informative characters, which could be used for identification of such a large number of existing species. The characters expressed either low variability across species or significant intraspecific variability exceeding interspecific variability. Based on the above-mentioned results, we reduce series &lt;i&gt;Versicolores&lt;/i&gt; to four species, namely &lt;i&gt;A.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;versicolor, A. creber&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. sydowii&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A. subversicolor&lt;/i&gt;, and the remaining species are synonymized with either &lt;i&gt;A. versicolor&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;A. creber&lt;/i&gt;. The revised descriptions of the four accepted species are provided. They can all be identified by any of the five genes used in this study. Despite the large reduction in species number, identification based on phenotypic characters remains challenging, because the variation in phenotypic characters is high and overlapping among species, especially between &lt;i&gt;A. versicolor&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A. creber&lt;/i&gt;. Similar to the 17 narrowly defined species, the four broadly defined species do not have a specific ecology and are distributed worldwide. We expect that the application of comparable methodology with extensive sampling could lead to a similar reduction in the number of cryptic species in other extensively studied &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; species complexes and other fungal genera. &lt;b&gt;Citation:&lt;/b&gt; Sklenář F, Glässnerová K, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Samson RA, Visagie CM, Yilm","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"102 ","pages":"53-93"},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9903908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A monograph of <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Candidi</i>.","authors":"K Glässnerová,&nbsp;F Sklenář,&nbsp;Ž Jurjević,&nbsp;J Houbraken,&nbsp;T Yaguchi,&nbsp;C M Visagie,&nbsp;J Gené,&nbsp;J P Z Siqueira,&nbsp;A Kubátová,&nbsp;M Kolařík,&nbsp;V Hubka","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.102.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.102.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Candidi</i> encompasses white- or yellow-sporulating species mostly isolated from indoor and cave environments, food, feed, clinical material, soil and dung. Their identification is non-trivial due to largely uniform morphology. This study aims to re-evaluate the species boundaries in the section <i>Candidi</i> and present an overview of all existing species along with information on their ecology. For the analyses, we assembled a set of 113 strains with diverse origin. For the molecular analyses, we used DNA sequences of three house-keeping genes (<i>benA</i>, <i>CaM</i> and <i>RPB2</i>) and employed species delimitation methods based on a multispecies coalescent model. Classical phylogenetic methods and genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) approaches were used for comparison. Phenotypic studies involved comparisons of macromorphology on four cultivation media, seven micromorphological characters and growth at temperatures ranging from 10 to 45 °C. Based on the integrative approach comprising four criteria (phylogenetic and phenotypic), all currently accepted species gained support, while two new species are proposed (<i>A. magnus</i> and <i>A. tenebricus</i>). In addition, we proposed the new name <i>A. neotritici</i> to replace an invalidly described <i>A. tritici</i>. The revised section <i>Candidi</i> now encompasses nine species, some of which manifest a high level of intraspecific genetic and/or phenotypic variability (<i>e.g.</i>, <i>A. subalbidus</i> and <i>A. campestris</i>) while others are more uniform (<i>e.g.</i>, <i>A. candidus</i> or <i>A. pragensis</i>). The growth rates on different media and at different temperatures, colony colours, production of soluble pigments, stipe dimensions and vesicle diameters contributed the most to the phenotypic species differentiation. <b>Taxonomic novelties: New species:</b> <i>Aspergillus magnus</i> Glässnerová & Hubka; <i>Aspergillus neotritici</i> Glässnerová & Hubka; <i>Aspergillus tenebricus</i> Houbraken, Glässnerová & Hubka. <b>Citation:</b> Glässnerová K, Sklenář F, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Yaguchi T, Visagie CM, Gené J, Siqueira JPZ, Kubátová A, Kolařík M, Hubka V (2022). A monograph of <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Candidi</i>. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>102</b>: 1-51. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.102.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"102 ","pages":"1-51"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9903906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10330037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the number of accepted species in <i>Aspergillus</i> series <i>Nigri</i>.","authors":"C Bian, Y Kusuya, F Sklenář, E D'hooge, T Yaguchi, S Ban, C M Visagie, J Houbraken, H Takahashi, V Hubka","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.102.03","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2022.102.03","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; series &lt;i&gt;Nigri&lt;/i&gt; contains biotechnologically and medically important species. They can produce hazardous mycotoxins, which is relevant due to the frequent occurrence of these species on foodstuffs and in the indoor environment. The taxonomy of the series has undergone numerous rearrangements, and currently, there are 14 species accepted in the series, most of which are considered cryptic. Species-level identifications are, however, problematic or impossible for many isolates even when using DNA sequencing or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, indicating a possible problem in the definition of species limits or the presence of undescribed species diversity. To re-examine the species boundaries, we collected DNA sequences from three phylogenetic markers (&lt;i&gt;benA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CaM&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;RPB2&lt;/i&gt;) for 276 strains from series &lt;i&gt;Nigri&lt;/i&gt; and generated 18 new whole-genome sequences. With the three-gene dataset, we employed phylogenetic methods based on the multispecies coalescence model, including four single-locus methods (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP and bPTP) and one multilocus method (STACEY). From a total of 15 methods and their various settings, 11 supported the recognition of only three species corresponding to the three main phylogenetic lineages: &lt;i&gt;A. niger&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. tubingensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A. brasiliensis&lt;/i&gt;. Similarly, recognition of these three species was supported by the GCPSR approach (Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition) and analysis in DELINEATE software. We also showed that the phylogeny based on &lt;i&gt;benA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CaM&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;RPB2&lt;/i&gt; is suboptimal and displays significant differences from a phylogeny constructed using 5 752 single-copy orthologous proteins; therefore, the results of the delimitation methods may be subject to a higher than usual level of uncertainty. To overcome this, we randomly selected 200 genes from these genomes and performed ten independent STACEY analyses, each with 20 genes. All analyses supported the recognition of only one species in the &lt;i&gt;A. niger&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A. brasiliensis&lt;/i&gt; lineages, while one to four species were inconsistently delimited in the &lt;i&gt;A. tubingensis&lt;/i&gt; lineage. After considering all of these results and their practical implications, we propose that the revised series &lt;i&gt;Nigri&lt;/i&gt; includes six species: &lt;i&gt;A. brasiliensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. eucalypticola&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. luchuensis&lt;/i&gt; (syn&lt;i&gt;. A. piperis&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;A. niger&lt;/i&gt; (syn. &lt;i&gt;A. vinaceus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A. welwitschiae&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;A. tubingensis&lt;/i&gt; (syn. &lt;i&gt;A. chiangmaiensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. costaricensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. neoniger&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A. pseudopiperis&lt;/i&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;A. vadensis&lt;/i&gt;. We also showed that the intraspecific genetic variability in the redefined &lt;i&gt;A. niger&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;A. tubingensis&lt;/i&gt; does not deviate from that commonly found in other aspergilli. We supplemented the study with a list of accepted species, synonyms and unresolved names, some of which may threaten the stability of the current taxonomy. &lt;b&gt;Cita","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"102 ","pages":"95-132"},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9903907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal communities in soils under global change.","authors":"P Baldrian,&nbsp;L Bell-Dereske,&nbsp;C Lepinay,&nbsp;T Větrovský,&nbsp;P Kohout","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.103.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.103.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil fungi play indispensable roles in all ecosystems including the recycling of organic matter and interactions with plants, both as symbionts and pathogens. Past observations and experimental manipulations indicate that projected global change effects, including the increase of CO₂ concentration, temperature, change of precipitation and nitrogen (N) deposition, affect fungal species and communities in soils. Although the observed effects depend on the size and duration of change and reflect local conditions, increased N deposition seems to have the most profound effect on fungal communities. The plant-mutualistic fungal guilds - ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - appear to be especially responsive to global change factors with N deposition and warming seemingly having the strongest adverse effects. While global change effects on fungal biodiversity seem to be limited, multiple studies demonstrate increases in abundance and dispersal of plant pathogenic fungi. Additionally, ecosystems weakened by global change-induced phenomena, such as drought, are more vulnerable to pathogen outbreaks. The shift from mutualistic fungi to plant pathogens is likely the largest potential threat for the future functioning of natural and managed ecosystems. However, our ability to predict global change effects on fungi is still insufficient and requires further experimental work and long-term observations. <b>Citation:</b> Baldrian P, Bell-Dereske L, Lepinay C, Větrovský T, Kohout P (2022). Fungal communities in soils under global change. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>103</b>: 1-24. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.103.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"103 ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10678821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mortierellaceae</i> from subalpine and alpine habitats: new species of <i>Entomortierella, Linnemannia, Mortierella, Podila</i> and <i>Tyroliella gen. nov.</i>","authors":"A Telagathoti, M Probst, E Mandolini, U Peintner","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.103.02","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2022.103.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fungi are incredibly diverse, but they are unexplored, especially in the subalpine and alpine zone. &lt;i&gt;Mortierellaceae&lt;/i&gt; are certainly one of the most abundant, species-rich, and widely distributed cultivable soil fungal families in terrestrial habitats, including subalpine and alpine zones. The phylogeny of &lt;i&gt;Mortierellaceae&lt;/i&gt; was recently resolved based on current state of the art molecular techniques, and the paraphyletic genus &lt;i&gt;Mortierella sensu lato&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;s.l.&lt;/i&gt;) was divided into 13 monophyletic genera. Our extensive sampling campaigns in the Austrian Alps resulted in 139 different &lt;i&gt;Mortierellaceae&lt;/i&gt; pure culture isolates representing 13 new species. For the definition of taxa, we applied both classical morphological criteria, as well as modern DNA-based methods. Phylogenetic relationships were resolved based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS), the large subunit (LSU), and the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II largest subunit 1 (&lt;i&gt;RPB1&lt;/i&gt;). In this study, we proposed a new genus and described 13 new species belonging to the genera &lt;i&gt;Entomortierella&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Linnemannia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Mortierella&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Podila&lt;/i&gt;. In addition, we proposed eight new combinations, re-defined &lt;i&gt;E. jenkinii&lt;/i&gt; at species level, defined a neotype for &lt;i&gt;M. alpina&lt;/i&gt; and lecto- as well as epitypes for &lt;i&gt;M. fatshederae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;M. jenkinii,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;M. longigemmata.&lt;/i&gt; The rDNA ITS region is generally applied as classical barcoding gene for fungi. However, the obtained phylogenetic resolution is often too low for an accurate identification of closely related species of &lt;i&gt;Mortierellaceae&lt;/i&gt;, especially for small sampling sizes. In such cases, unambiguous identification can be obtained based on morphological characters of pure culture isolates. Therefore, we also provide dichotomous keys for species identification within phylogenetic lineages. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;new genus:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Tyroliella&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, Probst & Peintner; &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Entomortierella galaxiae&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Linnemannia bainierella&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Linnemannia stellaris&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Linnemannia nimbosa&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Linnemannia mannui&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Linnemannia friederikiana&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Linnemannia scordiella&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Linnemannia solitaria&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Mortierella triangularis&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Mortierella lapis&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Podila himami&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Podila occulta&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Tyroliella animus-liberi&lt;/i&gt; Telagathoti, Probst & Peintner; &lt;b&gt;New combinations:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Entomortierella basiparvispora&lt;/i&gt; (W. Gams & Grinb.) Telagathoti, M. Probst & Peintner, &lt;i&gt;Entomortierella jenkinii&lt;/i&gt; (A.L. Sm.","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"103 ","pages":"25-58"},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10277274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10066992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of <i>Hyphodiscaceae</i>.","authors":"L Quijada,&nbsp;H O Baral,&nbsp;P R Johnston,&nbsp;K Pärtel,&nbsp;J K Mitchell,&nbsp;T Hosoya,&nbsp;H Madrid,&nbsp;T Kosonen,&nbsp;S Helleman,&nbsp;E Rubio,&nbsp;E Stöckli,&nbsp;S Huhtinen,&nbsp;D H Pfister","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.103.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.103.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a recently published classification scheme for <i>Leotiomycetes</i>, the new family <i>Hyphodiscaceae</i> was erected; unfortunately, this study was rife with phylogenetic misinterpretations and hampered by a poor understanding of this group of fungi. This manifested in the form of an undiagnostic familial description, an erroneous familial circumscription, and the redescription of the type species of an included genus as a new species in a different genus. The present work corrects these errors by incorporating new molecular data from this group into phylogenetic analyses and examining the morphological features of the included taxa. An emended description of <i>Hyphodiscaceae</i> is provided, notes and descriptions of the included genera are supplied, and keys to genera and species in <i>Hyphodiscaceae</i> are supplied. <i>Microscypha cajaniensis</i> is combined in <i>Hyphodiscus</i>, and <i>Scolecolachnum nigricans</i> is a taxonomic synonym of <i>Fuscolachnum pteridis</i>. Future work in this family should focus on increasing phylogenetic sampling outside of Eurasia and better characterising described species to help resolve outstanding issues. <b>Citation:</b> Quijada L, Baral HO, Johnston PR, Pärtel K, Mitchell JK, Hosoya T, Madrid H, Kosonen T, Helleman S, Rubio E, Stöckli E, Huhtinen S, Pfister DH (2022). A review of <i>Hyphodiscaceae</i>. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>103</b>: 59-85. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.103.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"103 ","pages":"59-85"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10277273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10066988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consolidation of <i>Chloridium</i>: new classification into eight sections with 37 species and reinstatement of the genera <i>Gongromeriza</i> and <i>Psilobotrys</i>.","authors":"M Réblová,&nbsp;M Hernández-Restrepo,&nbsp;F Sklenář,&nbsp;J Nekvindová,&nbsp;K Réblová,&nbsp;M Kolařík","doi":"10.3114/sim.2022.103.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2022.103.04","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; is a little-studied group of soil- and wood-inhabiting dematiaceous hyphomycetes that share a rare mode of phialidic conidiogenesis on multiple loci. The genus has historically been divided into three morphological sections, &lt;i&gt;i.e.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Gongromeriza&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Psilobotrys&lt;/i&gt;. Sexual morphs have been placed in the widely perceived genus &lt;i&gt;Chaetosphaeria&lt;/i&gt;, but unlike their asexual counterparts, they show little or no morphological variation. Recent molecular studies have expanded the generic concept to include species defined by a new set of morphological characters, such as the collar-like hyphae, setae, discrete phialides, and penicillately branched conidiophores. The study is based on the consilience of molecular species delimitation methods, phylogenetic analyses, ancestral state reconstruction, morphological hypotheses, and global biogeographic analyses. The multilocus phylogeny demonstrated that the classic concept of &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; is polyphyletic, and the original sections are not congeneric. Therefore, we abolish the existing classification and propose to restore the generic status of &lt;i&gt;Gongromeriza&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Psilobotrys&lt;/i&gt;. We present a new generic concept and define &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; as a monophyletic, polythetic genus comprising 37 species distributed in eight sections. In addition, of the taxa earlier referred to &lt;i&gt;Gongromeriza&lt;/i&gt;, two have been redisposed to the new genus &lt;i&gt;Gongromerizella&lt;/i&gt;. Analysis of published metabarcoding data showed that &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; is a common soil fungus representing a significant (0.3 %) proportion of sequence reads in environmental samples deposited in the GlobalFungi database. The analysis also showed that they are typically associated with forest habitats, and their distribution is strongly influenced by climate, which is confirmed by our data on their ability to grow at different temperatures. We demonstrated that &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; forms species-specific ranges of distribution, which is rarely documented for microscopic soil fungi. Our study shows the feasibility of using the GlobalFungi database to study the biogeography and ecology of fungi. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;New genus:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Gongromerizella&lt;/i&gt; Réblová; &lt;b&gt;New sections:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; section &lt;i&gt;Cryptogonytrichum&lt;/i&gt; Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; section &lt;i&gt;Gonytrichopsis&lt;/i&gt; Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; section &lt;i&gt;Metachloridium&lt;/i&gt; Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; section &lt;i&gt;Volubilia&lt;/i&gt; Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar; &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;bellum&lt;/i&gt; Réblová & Hern.-Restr., &lt;i&gt;Chloridium biforme&lt;/i&gt; Réblová & Hern.-Restr., &lt;i&gt;Chloridium detriticola&lt;/i&gt; Réblová & Hern.-Restr., &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;gamsii&lt;/i&gt; Réblová & Hern.-Restr., &lt;i&gt;Chloridium guttiferum&lt;/i&gt; Réblová & Hern.-Restr., &lt;i&gt;Chloridium&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;moratum&lt;/i&gt; Réblo","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"103 ","pages":"87-212"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10277272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10086095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}