Consolidation of Chloridium: new classification into eight sections with 37 species and reinstatement of the genera Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys.

IF 14.1 1区生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY

Studies in Mycology Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI:10.3114/sim.2022.103.04

M Réblová, M Hernández-Restrepo, F Sklenář, J Nekvindová, K Réblová, M Kolařík

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The study is based on the consilience of molecular species delimitation methods, phylogenetic analyses, ancestral state reconstruction, morphological hypotheses, and global biogeographic analyses. The multilocus phylogeny demonstrated that the classic concept of Chloridium is polyphyletic, and the original sections are not congeneric. Therefore, we abolish the existing classification and propose to restore the generic status of Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys. We present a new generic concept and define Chloridium as a monophyletic, polythetic genus comprising 37 species distributed in eight sections. In addition, of the taxa earlier referred to Gongromeriza, two have been redisposed to the new genus Gongromerizella. Analysis of published metabarcoding data showed that Chloridium is a common soil fungus representing a significant (0.3 %) proportion of sequence reads in environmental samples deposited in the GlobalFungi database. The analysis also showed that they are typically associated with forest habitats, and their distribution is strongly influenced by climate, which is confirmed by our data on their ability to grow at different temperatures. We demonstrated that Chloridium forms species-specific ranges of distribution, which is rarely documented for microscopic soil fungi. Our study shows the feasibility of using the GlobalFungi database to study the biogeography and ecology of fungi. Taxonomic novelties: New genus: Gongromerizella Réblová; New sections: Chloridium section Cryptogonytrichum Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Gonytrichopsis Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Metachloridium Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Volubilia Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar; New species: Chloridium bellum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium biforme Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium detriticola Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium gamsii Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium guttiferum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium moratum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium peruense Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium novae-zelandiae Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium elongatum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium volubile Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; New varieties: Chloridium bellum var. luteum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium detriticola var. effusum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium chloridioides var. convolutum Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; New combinations: Chloridium section Gonytrichum (Nees & T. Nees) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Mesobotrys (Sacc.) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Pseudophialocephala (M.S. Calabon et al.) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium simile (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium chloridioides (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium subglobosum (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium fuscum (Corda) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium ypsilosporum (Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium costaricense (G. Weber et al.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium cuneatum (N.G. Liu et al.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Fusichloridium cylindrosporum (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová, Gongromeriza myriocarpa (Fr.) Réblová, Gongromeriza pygmaea (P. Karst.) Réblová, Gongromerizella lignicola (F. Mangenot) Réblová, Gongromerizella pachytrachela (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech) Réblová, Gongromerizella pini (Crous & Akulov) Réblová; New name: Chloridium pellucidum Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; Epitypifications (basionyms): Chaetopsis fusca Corda, Gonytrichum caesium var. subglobosum W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.; Lectotypification (basionym): Gonytrichum caesium Nees & T. Nees. 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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Chloridium is a little-studied group of soil- and wood-inhabiting dematiaceous hyphomycetes that share a rare mode of phialidic conidiogenesis on multiple loci. The genus has historically been divided into three morphological sections, i.e. Chloridium, Gongromeriza, and Psilobotrys. Sexual morphs have been placed in the widely perceived genus Chaetosphaeria, but unlike their asexual counterparts, they show little or no morphological variation. Recent molecular studies have expanded the generic concept to include species defined by a new set of morphological characters, such as the collar-like hyphae, setae, discrete phialides, and penicillately branched conidiophores. The study is based on the consilience of molecular species delimitation methods, phylogenetic analyses, ancestral state reconstruction, morphological hypotheses, and global biogeographic analyses. The multilocus phylogeny demonstrated that the classic concept of Chloridium is polyphyletic, and the original sections are not congeneric. Therefore, we abolish the existing classification and propose to restore the generic status of Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys. We present a new generic concept and define Chloridium as a monophyletic, polythetic genus comprising 37 species distributed in eight sections. In addition, of the taxa earlier referred to Gongromeriza, two have been redisposed to the new genus Gongromerizella. Analysis of published metabarcoding data showed that Chloridium is a common soil fungus representing a significant (0.3 %) proportion of sequence reads in environmental samples deposited in the GlobalFungi database. The analysis also showed that they are typically associated with forest habitats, and their distribution is strongly influenced by climate, which is confirmed by our data on their ability to grow at different temperatures. We demonstrated that Chloridium forms species-specific ranges of distribution, which is rarely documented for microscopic soil fungi. Our study shows the feasibility of using the GlobalFungi database to study the biogeography and ecology of fungi. Taxonomic novelties: New genus: Gongromerizella Réblová; New sections: Chloridium section Cryptogonytrichum Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Gonytrichopsis Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Metachloridium Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Volubilia Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar; New species: Chloridium bellum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium biforme Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium detriticola Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium gamsii Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium guttiferum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium moratum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium peruense Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium novae-zelandiae Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium elongatum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium volubile Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; New varieties: Chloridium bellum var. luteum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium detriticola var. effusum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium chloridioides var. convolutum Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; New combinations: Chloridium section Gonytrichum (Nees & T. Nees) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Mesobotrys (Sacc.) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Pseudophialocephala (M.S. Calabon et al.) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium simile (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium chloridioides (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium subglobosum (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium fuscum (Corda) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium ypsilosporum (Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium costaricense (G. Weber et al.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium cuneatum (N.G. Liu et al.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Fusichloridium cylindrosporum (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová, Gongromeriza myriocarpa (Fr.) Réblová, Gongromeriza pygmaea (P. Karst.) Réblová, Gongromerizella lignicola (F. Mangenot) Réblová, Gongromerizella pachytrachela (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech) Réblová, Gongromerizella pini (Crous & Akulov) Réblová; New name: Chloridium pellucidum Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; Epitypifications (basionyms): Chaetopsis fusca Corda, Gonytrichum caesium var. subglobosum W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.; Lectotypification (basionym): Gonytrichum caesium Nees & T. Nees. Citation: Réblová M, Hernández-Restrepo M, Sklenář F, Nekvindová J, Réblová K, Kolařík M (2022). Consolidation of Chloridium: new classification into eight sections with 37 species and reinstatement of the genera Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys. Studies in Mycology 103: 87-212. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.103.04.

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氯藻的巩固:新分类为8科37种，并恢复了龙葵属和龙葵属。

梭菌是一种很少被研究的土壤和木材中居住的真菌，它们在多个位点上共享一种罕见的亲性孢子生模式。该属在历史上被分为三个形态部分，即clooridium, Gongromeriza和Psilobotrys。有性形态被放置在广泛感知的Chaetosphaeria属中，但与它们的无性对应物不同，它们表现出很少或没有形态变化。最近的分子研究扩大了一般概念，包括一组新的形态特征定义的物种，如颈状菌丝、刚毛、离散的分生孢子和青霉分枝的分生孢子。该研究基于分子物种划分方法、系统发育分析、祖先状态重建、形态假设和全球生物地理分析的一致性。多位点系统发育表明，经典的氯藻概念是多系性的，原始片段不具有同源性。因此，我们取消现有的分类，并建议恢复贡罗梅属和Psilobotrys属的地位。我们提出了一个新的属的概念，并定义为一个单系，合成属包括37种分布在8个区段。此外，在先前提到的贡罗merizella分类群中，有两个被重新定位为贡罗merizella新属。对已发表的元条形码数据的分析表明，在GlobalFungi数据库中保存的环境样品中，氯酸菌是一种常见的土壤真菌，占序列reads的很大比例(0.3%)。分析还表明，它们通常与森林栖息地有关，它们的分布受到气候的强烈影响，我们关于它们在不同温度下生长能力的数据证实了这一点。我们证明了氯酸菌形成物种特定的分布范围，这在微观土壤真菌中很少有记录。本研究表明，利用全球真菌数据库研究真菌的生物地理学和生态学是可行的。分类新颖性:新属:Gongromerizella r blov;新科:氯虫科，隐虫科，Hern.-Restr。， M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, chroridium section Gonytrichopsis r blov， Hern.-Restr。， M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, chroridium section r blov， hern . restr。， M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, chroridium section Volubilia r blov， hern . restr。， M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar;新种:紫藻(cloridium bellum) r blov & hern . restr。;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;，甘氏氯虫r - blov & Hern.-Restr。，氯化铯r blov和Hern.-Restr。， moratum r blov & hern . restr。[j] .中国农业大学学报(自然科学版)，新泽兰芽孢杆菌r - blov;，伸长梭状芽孢杆菌r blov & Hern.-Restr。;;;;;;新变种:黄体衣藻(cloridium bellum var. luteum)、r blov和hern . restr。[j] .豆瓣藻变种积液r blov;* * * * * * * * *;新组合:choridium section Gonytrichum (Nees & T. Nees) r blov， Hern.-Restr。， M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, chlordium section Mesobotrys (Sacc.)Reblova Hern.-Restr。， M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, pseudophhialocephala (M.S. Calabon et al.);， M. Kolařík和F. Sklenar，氯气的明喻(W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.)r blov & Hern.-Restr。——氯化氯化钠(W. Gams & Hol.-Jech)r blov & Hern.-Restr。亚球状氯酸菌(W. Gams & Hol.-Jech)r blov & Hern.-Restr。，褐梭菌(Corda) r blov & Hern.-Restr。，绿孢杆菌(cloridium ypsilosporum)r blov & Hern.-Restr。(G. Weber et al.) r blov & hern . restr。刘宁刚等。r blov & Hern.-Restr。，筒孢镰刀孢菌(W. Gams & Hol.-Jech)r blov， Gongromeriza pygmaea (P. Karst.)r blov， Gongromerizella lignicola (F. Mangenot) r blov， Gongromerizella pachytrachela (W. Gams & hole .- jech) r blov， Gongromerizella pini (croous & Akulov) r blov;新名称:透明氯离子r blov & hern . restr;(基本名):fusca Corda毛藻，Gonytrichum caesium var. subglobosum W. Gams & hole .- jech;卵形分型(基底):Gonytrichum caesium Nees & T. Nees。引文来源:r blov M, Hernández-Restrepo M, Sklenář F, nekvindov J, r blov K, Kolařík M(2022)。氯藻的巩固:新分类为8科37种，并恢复了龙葵属和龙葵属。真菌学研究103:87-212。doi: 10.3114 / sim.2022.103.04。

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来源期刊

Studies in Mycology 生物-真菌学

CiteScore

35.60

自引率

3.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The international journal Studies in Mycology focuses on advancing the understanding of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and various aspects of mycology. It publishes comprehensive systematic monographs as well as topical issues covering a wide range of subjects including biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology, and systematics. This Open-Access journal offers unrestricted access to its content. Each issue of Studies in Mycology consists of around 5 to 6 papers, either in the form of monographs or special focused topics. Unlike traditional length restrictions, the journal encourages submissions of manuscripts with a minimum of 50 A4 pages in print. This ensures a thorough exploration and presentation of the research findings, maximizing the depth of the published work.