Studies in Mycology最新文献

{"title":"Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of thirty-four taxa in <i>Phytophthora</i> Clade 7a including eleven new species from natural forests and updated descriptions for <i>P. fragariae</i>, <i>P. rubi</i> and the '<i>P. ×alni</i> hybrid complex'.","authors":"Z Á Nagy, M Horta Jung, I Milenković, T Kudláček, T Bourret, K Kageyama, A Hieno, H Masuya, S Uematsu, N M Chi, P Q Thu, T-T Chang, C-H Fu, T Corcobado, J Janoušek, T Májek, M Mullett, M Tomšovský, M Ferreira, R Singh, C Maia, Z Stanivuković, Z Tomić, J Bakonyi, J F Webber, C M Brasier, T Jung","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.114.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.114.05","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the past three decades, surveys in natural and managed ecosystems, driven mainly by forest biosecurity issues, have greatly expanded knowledge of the global diversity and biogeography of the plant pathogen genus &lt;i&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/i&gt;. In &lt;i&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/i&gt; subclade 7a alone, 16 new species were described raising the number of validly described species in this subclade to 18. Recently, in further surveys conducted in natural forests of Japan, Vietnam, Europe and North America, 11 more new Clade 7a species and one other 7a taxon have now been identified. All are considered to be endemic to the surveyed sites. They are formally described here, including their morphological properties, colony and temperature-growth characteristics and their phylogenetic relationships. Informal, updated descriptions without nomenclatural act are also presented for the known species &lt;i&gt;P. fragariae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. rubi&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. uniformis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P.&lt;/i&gt; ×&lt;i&gt;alni&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P.&lt;/i&gt; ×&lt;i&gt;multiformis&lt;/i&gt;. With now 34 taxa including hybrids, Clade 7a is currently the largest &lt;i&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/i&gt; subclade. It is essentially a Northern Hemisphere subclade, with a disjunct distribution in North America, Europe and Asia which probably reflects an original Laurasian ancestral distribution ~90-80 Mya and subsequent post-Laurasian migrations and radiations. It is comprised of predominantly soilborne and aquatic species with non-papillate non-caducous sporangia, though some may have facultative adaptations to a degree of aerial dispersal. The largest diversity hotspots are in Southeast and East Asia, and both adaptive sympatric and non-adaptive radiations are indicated in the data. All 22 'pure' or non-hybrid species are self-fertile and exhibit relatively low nuclear heterozygosity levels. In contrast, high heterozygosity levels, relatively high numbers of tri- and partly tetra-allelic sites and maternal lines partly shared with other Clade 7a taxa are consistent with ten of the taxa (30 %) originating via interspecific hybridisation. Of these five are self-fertile, but unusually, given their likely self-fertile parents, the other five, including the '&lt;i&gt;P.&lt;/i&gt; ×&lt;i&gt;cambivora&lt;/i&gt; hybrid complex', have an A1/A2 or outcrossing breeding system. Some of the hybrids, such as the '&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;. ×&lt;i&gt;alni&lt;/i&gt; hybrid complex', are known to have emerged as a result of anthropogenic disturbance events. Numerous &lt;i&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/i&gt; species, including several in Clade 7a, have become highly damaging pathogens of trees and agricultural crops as a result of historical introductions via global plant trade. However, for the 11 new species described here, no symptoms were observed at the natural sample sites and their natural and potential hosts are unknown. The same applies to well over 150 &lt;i&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/i&gt; species in other Clades and subclades, representing a significant plant health evidence gap. It is recommended that the biosecurity risk to forests, natural ecosystems and agriculture posed b","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"114 ","pages":"554-661"},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genus <i>Polyporus</i> (<i>Polyporales</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>) with a focus on neotropical species with black stipes.","authors":"V Spirin, J Vlasák, T Niemelä, K Runnel","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.114.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.114.04","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The generic limits of &lt;i&gt;Polyporus&lt;/i&gt; have remained unstable and poorly justified despite recent phylogenetic studies. In the present paper, we address this problem by investigating the taxonomy of 43 Neotropical &lt;i&gt;Polyporus&lt;/i&gt; species (&lt;i&gt;Polyporaceae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Polyporales&lt;/i&gt;), with a primary focus on 32 species with a black stipe (the so-called melanopodous species). Based on a three-gene (ITS + LSU + &lt;i&gt;RPB1&lt;/i&gt;) phylogeny of the &lt;i&gt;Polyporaceae&lt;/i&gt; (including 94 species), we argue for keeping all melanopodous &lt;i&gt;Polyporus&lt;/i&gt; spp. within a single redefined genus, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus&lt;/i&gt;, and discuss three alternative reclassification approaches for the genus. As re-established here, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus&lt;/i&gt; forms a strongly supported clade sister to &lt;i&gt;Mariorajchenbergia&lt;/i&gt; and the &lt;i&gt;Favolus / Neofavolus&lt;/i&gt; group. We further revise the taxonomy of the &lt;i&gt;P. leprieurii - guianensis&lt;/i&gt; group (with 12 accepted Neotropical species), &lt;i&gt;P. blanchetianus&lt;/i&gt; complex (nine Neotropical species), &lt;i&gt;P. diabolicus&lt;/i&gt; complex (six Neotropical species), and &lt;i&gt;P. melanopus&lt;/i&gt; complex (five Neotropical species), based on ITS and, in the case of &lt;i&gt;P. blanchetianus&lt;/i&gt; group, also &lt;i&gt;TEF1&lt;/i&gt; markers. This revision is supplemented by thorough type studies of existing taxa. Eight melanopodous Neotropical species are described as new. Additionally, nine other Neotropical &lt;i&gt;Polyporus&lt;/i&gt; spp., with pale stipes or sessile basidiocarps, are reinstated, and three more are described as new to science. Available ITS sequences point to a higher species diversity in &lt;i&gt;P. leprieurii - guianensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P. blanchetianus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Echinochaete&lt;/i&gt; groups than currently recognized. The identity of five extraneous melanopodous species is addressed, and 25 species are treated under excluded or insufficiently known taxa. Our results demonstrate that current splitting schemes of &lt;i&gt;Polyporus&lt;/i&gt; s. lat. are difficult to justify and instead support a redefined, more inclusive concept of the genus. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Polyporus atrocinctus&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Runnel, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus corniculum&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus crassitectus&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus ferropus&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus lineolatus&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus obfuscatus&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus palmiceps&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus phaeostomus&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus spondylus&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus striifer&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus vastulus&lt;/i&gt; Vlasák & Spirin. &lt;b&gt;New combinations:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Polyporus puiggarii&lt;/i&gt; (Speg.) Vlasák & Spirin, &lt;i&gt;Polyporus taxodii&lt;/i&gt; (Murrill) Spirin & Vlasák. &lt;b&gt;Lectotypes (basionyms):&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Polyporus bathyporus&lt;/i&gt; Rostk., &lt;i&gt;Polyporus nephelodes&lt;/i&gt; Lév., &lt;i&gt;Polyporus vadosus&lt;/i&gt; Lloyd. &lt;b&gt;Citation:&lt;/b&gt; Spirin V, Vlasák J, Niemelä T, Runnel K (2026). The genus &lt;i&gt;Polyporus&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Polyporales&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Basidiomycota&lt;/i&gt;) with a focus on neotropical species with black stipes. &lt;i&gt;Studie","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"114 ","pages":"487-553"},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insights into the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of preussia-like fungi.","authors":"D Guerra-Mateo, V González-Menéndez, J Gené, P W Crous, K Bensch, O Genilloud, J F Cano-Lira","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.114.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.114.03","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The genus &lt;i&gt;Preussia&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Sporormiaceae&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Pleosporales&lt;/i&gt;) represents one of the most diverse and metabolically active groups of ascomycetes. The genus is characterized by a complex taxonomic history involving the genera &lt;i&gt;Sporormiella&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Spororminula&lt;/i&gt;, which some authors consider synonyms of &lt;i&gt;Preussia&lt;/i&gt;. However, the circumscription of these genera remains controversial, and the status of numerous species is unresolved. The present study aims to characterize strains of &lt;i&gt;Preussia&lt;/i&gt; s.l. recovered during diversity surveys on marine and xerophytic substrates, explore their secondary metabolite profiles, and improve our understanding of the diversity within this group. The obtained strains, as well as strains from the CBS culture collection and exsiccata from different fungaria, were characterized morphologically, and molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted on strains available in culture. Metabolite profiles were developed for representative strains using mass spectrometry data (MS/MS). Molecular alignments comprised the nuclear ribosomal subunits, consisting of partial sequences for the 18S small subunit (SSU) nrDNA, the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), as well as partial sequences for the 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA. Additional regions within protein-encoding genes were used, including the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (&lt;i&gt;rpb2&lt;/i&gt;) and translation elongation factor 1-α (&lt;i&gt;tef1-α&lt;/i&gt;) regions. These data were used to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic framework for &lt;i&gt;Preussia&lt;/i&gt; s.l. and to delineate lineage structure and generic boundaries. Ten well-supported lineages were resolved and integrated with metabolite profiles to inform taxonomic decisions. Our results support the recognition of &lt;i&gt;Preussia&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Sporormiella&lt;/i&gt; as distinct genera, the re-establishment of &lt;i&gt;Spororminula&lt;/i&gt;, and the introduction of four new genera, 11 new species, 18 new combinations, and one new name. Moreover, epi- and lectotypes have been designated to stabilize the taxonomy of some recognized species. This study provides a comprehensive framework for future taxonomic, phylogenetic, and chemical investigations within &lt;i&gt;Sporormiaceae&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New genera:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Chaetosporormiella&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, Gené & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Pleosporormiella&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, Gené & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Sporormyces&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, Gené & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Spororvela&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, Cano & Gené. &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Chaetosporormiella monodictyoides&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, Gené & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Pleosporormiella aculeata&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, Gené & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Pleosporormiella compacta&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, González-Menéndez, Gené & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Pleosporormiella polyspora&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, González-Menéndez, Gené & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Pleosporormiella suttonii&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, Gené & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Preussia gypsicola&lt;/i&gt; Guerra-Mateo, González-Menéndez, Cano & Gené, &lt;i&gt;Sporormiella jejuensis&lt;/i&gt; H. Noh, H.U. Cho & S.H","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"114 ","pages":"437-486"},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy, phylogeny and diversity of hyperparasites and their allied entomopathogens in <i>Hypocreales</i>.","authors":"D P Wei, E Gentekaki, J J Luangsa-Ard, N N Wijayawardene, D N Wanasinghe, Z L Liu, Q F Huang, N Y Liu, S W Xie, J C Kang, T C Wen","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.114.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.114.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hyperparasitic fungi associated with hypocrealean entomopathogens play a pivotal yet underexplored role in regulating fungal-arthropod interaction networks. Despite their frequent occurrence in nature, the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary relationships of these hyperparasites remain poorly resolved. In this study, we conducted an integrative taxonomic investigation of hyperparasites associated with hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi, together with their closely allied entomopathogenic taxa. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on LSU, ITS, SSU, &lt;i&gt;tef-1α&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;rpb1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;rpb2&lt;/i&gt; were employed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, and molecular clock analyses were conducted independently to infer evolutionary timescales of families within &lt;i&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/i&gt;. Morphological examinations were used to corroborate species delimitation and generic circumscription. Our results substantially expand the known diversity of this group, revealing one novel family, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocilliaceae fam. nov.&lt;/i&gt;, two new genera (&lt;i&gt;Paralecanicillium gen. nov.&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Neodingleyomyces gen. nov.&lt;/i&gt;), and 18 new species. In addition, three new combinations, seven new host, geographic, or asexual morph records, and two previously described species are documented, comprising a total of 30 species distributed across 18 genera and six families. &lt;i&gt;Chlorocilliaceae&lt;/i&gt; is proposed to accommodate &lt;i&gt;Albacillium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Fiorinimazzantia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Husseyia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Neoaraneomyces&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Paraneoaraneomyces&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Rousseaua&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Speluncomyces&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Subuliphorum&lt;/i&gt;. Updated descriptions and emended generic concepts of &lt;i&gt;Fiorinimazzantia&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Husseyia&lt;/i&gt; are provided based on newly collected material. This study advances our understanding of the taxonomy, evolutionary history, and hidden diversity of hyperparasitic fungi allied to hypocrealean entomopathogens, and provides a robust framework for elucidating tripartite host-pathogen-hyperparasite interactions in fungal ecology. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New family:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Chlorocilliaceae&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen. &lt;b&gt;New genera:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Neodingleyomyces&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei, Z.L. Liu & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Paralecanicillium&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen. &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ascopolyporus sanduensis&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Calcarisporium ophiocordycipiticola&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium aschersoniae&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium coccidiicola&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium cordycipiticola&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei, Z.L. Liu & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium gibellulae&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium globiceps&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium houqiaoense&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei, Q. F. Huang & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium menghaiense&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium puerense&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei, Z.L. Liu & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium sanduense&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium taiyangheense&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei & T.C. Wen, &lt;i&gt;Chlorocillium tengchongense&lt;/i&gt; D.P. Wei, N.","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"114 ","pages":"370-436"},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13487413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlas of hypocrealean invertebrate-pathogenic fungi of Thailand.","authors":"J J Luangsa-Ard, D Thanakitpipattana, S Mongkolsamrit, K Tasanathai, N Kobmoo, A Khonsanit, W Noisripoom, M Tanticharoen","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.114.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.114.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hypocreales</i>, a highly diverse fungal order, encompasses numerous families with genera exhibiting pathogenicity towards invertebrates. Our research compiles a comprehensive survey of invertebrate-pathogenic hypocrealean fungi collected in Thailand over the last two decades, representing over two hundred species. For each species, we provide detailed descriptions of macro-and microscopic morphological features, high-resolution photographic documentation, host and habitat information, and geographical distribution within Thailand. To gain a comprehensive understanding of their phylogenetic relationships, molecular phylogenetic data using combined SSU, LSU, <i>rpb1</i>, <i>rpb2</i>, and <i>tef1</i> sequences were used to validate species identifications and establish phylogenetic context. <b>Taxonomic novelties: New species:</b> <i>Ophiocordyceps camponoti-leonardi</i> Kobmoo, Mongkols., Tasan., Thanakitp. & Luangsa-ard, <i>Ophiocordyceps camponoti-saundersi</i> Kobmoo, Mongkols., Tasan., Thanakitp. & Luangsa-ard, <i>Ophiocordyceps polyrhachidis-furcatae</i> Kobmoo, Mongkols., Tasan., Thanakitp. & Luangsa-ard, <i>Petchiella hymenopterorum</i> Mongkols., Noisrip., Jangs. & Luangsa-ard. <b>New combinations:</b> <i>Hypocrella minutispora</i> (Hywel-Jones & Mongkols.) Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard, <i>Hypocrella narathiwatensis</i> (Mongkols. <i>et al.</i>) Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard, <i>Ophiocordyceps petchabunensis</i> (Hywel-Jones <i>et al.</i>) Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard, <i>Petchiella siamensis</i> (Thanakitp. <i>et al.</i>) Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard, <i>Petchiella mantidicola</i> (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard. <b>Replacement name:</b> <i>Petchiella</i> Thanakitp., Mongkols. & Luangsa-ard. <b>Citation:</b> Luangsa-ard JJ, Thanakitpipattana D, Mongkolsamrit S, Tasanathai K, Kobmoo N, Khonsanit A, Noisripoom W, Tanticharoen M (2026). Atlas of hypocrealean invertebrate-pathogenic fungi of Thailand. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>114</b>: 1-369. doi: 10.3114/sim.2026.114.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"114 ","pages":"1-369"},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-shaping the family-level classification of <i>Agaricineae</i> (<i>Agaricales</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>) using a phylogenomic approach.","authors":"T Niskanen, B Dentinger, A M Ainsworth, I Kytövuori, J T Kim, G W Griffith, K Liimatainen","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.03","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic-level data have enabled us to infer better resolved phylogenetic estimates and revolutionised our views on fungal relationships. <i>Agaricineae</i> is the largest suborder of <i>Agaricales</i> and mainly comprises the brown- and dark-spored <i>Agaricales</i> with thick-walled and pigmented basidiospores. Our study is the most extensive phylogenomic study of the suborder <i>Agaricineae</i> to date including 54 genera and 86 species. For 25 of them, shallow whole genome sequence data were produced in this study from dried fungarium specimens collected between 1997 and 2016. A total of 24 families is recognised including five that are proposed as new: <i>Agrocybaceae</i>, <i>Galerinaceae</i>, <i>Hemipholiotaceae</i>, <i>Kuehneromycetaceae</i> and <i>Phaeocollybiaceae</i>. In addition, <i>Battarreaceae</i> and <i>Chromocyphellaceae</i> are accepted at family level based on previous phylogenetic studies, bringing the total number of accepted families in the suborder <i>Agaricineae</i> to 26. The families are further grouped into eight informal \"superfamilies\": Agaricacea, Bolbitiacea, Cortinariacea, Galeropsidacea, Inocybacea, Nidulariacea, Psathyrellacea, and Strophariacea. Several families have been emended based on the current study and recent phylogenetic studies and as a result, a total of 190 genera are listed as accepted in suborder <i>Agaricineae</i>. <b>Taxonomic novelties: New families:</b> <i>Agrocybaceae</i> Locq. ex. Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat., <i>Galerinaceae</i> Locq. ex. Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat., <i>Hemipholiotaceae</i> Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat., <i>Kuehneromycetaceae</i> Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat., <i>Phaeocollybiaceae</i> Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat. <b>Epitypes (basionym):</b> <i>Agaricus destruens</i> Brond., <i>Agaricus mutabilis</i> Schaeff., <i>Agaricus praecox</i> Pers., <i>Agaricus vittiformis</i> Fr. <b>Lectotypes (basionym):</b> <i>Agaricus destruens</i> Brond., <i>Agaricus mutabilis</i> Schaeff., <i>Agaricus praecox</i> Pers., <i>Agaricus vittiformis</i> Fr. <b>Neotypes (basionym):</b> <i>Agaricus lugubris</i> Fr., <i>Agaricus populneus</i> Pers. <b>Citation:</b> Niskanen T, Dentinger B, Ainsworth AM, Kytövuori I, Kim JT, Griffith GW, Liimatainen K (2026). Re-shaping the family-level classification of <i>Agaricineae</i> (<i>Agaricales</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>) using a phylogenomic approach. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>113</b>: 115-134. doi: 10.3114/sim.2026.113.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"113 ","pages":"115-134"},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil ascomycetes from Spain. XV. New and noteworthy fungi from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands archipelago).","authors":"A P Sastoque, A M Stchigel, J F Cano-Lira","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.02","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gran Canaria is the third island in surface area and altitude of the Canary Islands archipelago (Spain), located in the Atlantic Ocean. Its geomorphology provides a wide range of ecological niches that, together with its geographical isolation, have given rise to numerous endemic species of animals and plants. Despite extensive studies on their flora and fauna, research on microscopic fungi remains limited. Therefore, to assess the biodiversity of geophilic microscopic fungi of Gran Canaria, 12 samples were collected from the topsoil layer in different sites of &lt;i&gt;Finca de Osorio&lt;/i&gt;, in &lt;i&gt;Parque Rural de Doramas&lt;/i&gt;, at the North of the island. The samples were processed by direct sprinkling onto glycerol 18 % agar (G18) and ascospore agar (AA), by activation of dormant spores using 5 % acetic acid followed by plating onto potato-carrot extract agar (PCA), and by Toma-Karling-Vanbreuseghem (&lt;i&gt;ToKaVa&lt;/i&gt;) hair baiting method. Incubation was carried out at 25 °C and 37 °C. The fungi were isolated in pure culture, and the strains were phenotypically characterized and preliminary identified using molecular data by comparing the nucleotide sequences of one or more phylogenetic informative markers using the BLAST search tool. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted when it was necessary. A total of 199 fungal strains were obtained, being assigned to 37 genera and 76 species, including four new genera, 17 new species and three new combinations distributed across the family &lt;i&gt;Chaetomiaceae&lt;/i&gt; (12), and the genera &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; (2), &lt;i&gt;Spiromastigoides&lt;/i&gt; (1), &lt;i&gt;Thermoascus&lt;/i&gt; (1) and &lt;i&gt;Westerdykella&lt;/i&gt; (1). In conclusion, the volcanic soils of Gran Canaria Island show a high fungal diversity, particularly within the family &lt;i&gt;Chaetomiaceae&lt;/i&gt;, highlighting that the Macaronesia is an underexplored geographic region reservoir of micromycetes. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New genera:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Catenatispora&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Novoallocanariomyces&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Novochaetomium&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Paraarxotrichum&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel. &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Allocanariomyces diversisporus&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Botryotrichum solisexuale&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Canariomyces similis&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Catenatispora terrestris&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Chaetomium annellidicum&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Humicola simplicissima&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Novoallocanariomyces verrucisporus&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Novochaetomium canariense&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Ovatospora phialospora&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Paraarxotrichum sterile&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Penicillium abortivum&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Penicillium doramasicum&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Pseudohumicola duospora&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Pseudohumicola fragilis&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Spiromastigoides globisp","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"113 ","pages":"72-114"},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into acremonium-like fungi in <i>Hypocreales</i>: A taxonomic and phylogenetic perspective.","authors":"L Zhao, J Z Groenewald, L W Hou, M Starink-Willemse, B Beek, O A Grum-Grzhimaylo, R C Summerbell, P W Crous","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.01","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.01","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acremonium-like fungi represent a morphologically reduced and polyphyletic group with ecological roles ranging from saprophytes and endophytes to opportunistic pathogens, and with demonstrated potential for producing bioactive secondary metabolites. Convergent morphologies and incomplete molecular data have long hampered their taxonomic resolution. Recent studies, combining morphological features, phylogenetic analyses, and ecological and host associations have classified acremonium-like species within the orders &lt;i&gt;Cephalothecales&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Coniochaetales&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Glomerellales&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/i&gt;. Furthermore, &lt;i&gt;Acremonium&lt;/i&gt; s. str. is restricted to the family &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;. However, many acremonium-like species remain to be discovered, and there are still gaps in our understanding of their ecological functions and potential applications in biotechnology. In this study, we evaluated 402 isolates of acremonium-like fungi from the CBS culture collection, including isolates that had not yet undergone molecular analysis. Isolates were analysed based on morphological characters and molecular phylogeny, for which DNA sequence data were obtained from the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (ITS), partial 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA, and the protein-coding genes RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (&lt;i&gt;RPB2&lt;/i&gt;) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (&lt;i&gt;TEF1&lt;/i&gt;). Our results place those isolates into the orders &lt;i&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Trichosphaeriales&lt;/i&gt;, distributed in 18 families and 149 species. The most represented family is &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;, followed by &lt;i&gt;Sarocladiaceae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Trichosphaeriaceae&lt;/i&gt;. We introduce two new families, seven new genera, and 33 novel species, along with four new combinations. This study provides a robust phylogenetic framework for the order &lt;i&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/i&gt;, resolving 29 families, thereby stablishing a strong foundation for future ecological, medical, and biotechnological studies on this taxonomically complex group. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New families:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Aurantidochiaceae&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Neochrysonectriaceae&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous. &lt;b&gt;New genera: &lt;i&gt;Aurantidochiaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Aurantidochium&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Lagenariomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Cannomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Pilgeriellomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Neochrysonectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Neochrysonectria&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stachybotryaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Sporodochius&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Trichosphaeriaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Titanomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous. &lt;b&gt;New species: &lt;i&gt;Aurantidochiaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Lagenariomyces collarulis&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Lagenariomyces varioconidialis&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Acremonium ecuadorense&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Acremonium proliferatum&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Acremonium soli&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Acremonium tapetis&lt;/i&gt; ","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"113 ","pages":"1-71"},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny and taxonomy of <i>Acer</i> powdery mildews, including genera <i>Sawadaea</i> and <i>Takamatsuella</i> (<i>Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota</i>).","authors":"J Feng, G X Guan, X L Wu, S Y Liu, J G Song, M Bradshaw, M Götz, U Braun, S Takamatsu, V Heluta, D N Jin, S B Wang, Y H He, Z Y Zhang, L Liu, T Z Liu, E V Ilyukhin, X X Lu, Y Li","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.01","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acer</i> (<i>Sapindaceae</i>) is a major genus of broadleaf trees dominating deciduous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, with Asia exhibiting the highest species diversity. Many economically important <i>Acer</i> species are cultivated for ornamental or timber purposes. <i>Acer</i> powdery mildew, caused by fungi in the tribe <i>Cystotheceae</i>, poses significant global economic and ecological threats. The pathogenicity spectrum remains unclear due to taxonomic uncertainties in its primary causal genera, <i>Sawadaea</i> and <i>Takamatsuella</i>. This study presents a comprehensive phylogenetic-taxonomic analysis of the two genera across East Asia, Europe, and North America. Using 75 ITS and 58 28S rDNA newly obtained sequences, we resolved 12 <i>Sawadaea</i> species and one <i>Takamatsuella</i> species into nine monophyletic clades, revealing marked cryptic diversity (three new species: <i>S. acerina, S. aceris-arguti, S. taii</i>) and two paraphyletic groups (<i>S. bifida/S. negundinis</i>). Taxonomic revisions include: <i>S. bicornis</i> split into two <i>formae</i> (<i>f. bicornis</i> and <i>f. polyphaga f. nov.</i>) with distinct host preferences; <i>S. tulasnei</i> (sensu stricto) restricted to Europe/North America, invalidating previous Asian records; <i>S. nankinensis</i> and <i>S. koelreuteriae</i> form two basal lineages. Phylogenetic positioning confirmed <i>Takamatsuella</i> as a distinct genus sister to <i>Sawadaea</i>, supported by an ITS1 26 bp deletion. Host specificity analysis revealed narrow host ranges (primarily <i>Acer</i>) with two evolutionary host expansions to <i>Koelreuteria, Aesculus</i>, and <i>Liquidambar</i>. This study also newly describes the asexual morphs of four species (<i>S. aesculi, S. bifida, S. bomiensis</i> and <i>S. kovaliana</i>) and establishes a molecular framework for disease management through clarified phylogeny and taxonomy. Our findings provide critical insights into fungal evolution, host-pathogen interactions, and strategies for mitigating powdery mildew impacts in forest ecosystems. <b>Taxonomic novelties: New <i>forma</i>:</b> <i>Sawadaea bicornis f. polyphaga</i> M. Bradshaw & U. Braun. <b>New species:</b> <i>Sawadaea acerina</i> G.X. Guan & S.Y. Liu, <i>Sawadaea aceris-arguti</i> S. Takam. & U. Braun, <i>Sawadaea taii</i> G.X. Guan & S.Y. Liu. <b>Citation:</b> Feng J, Guan GX, Wu XL, Liu SY, Song JG, Bradshaw M, Götz M, Braun U, Takamatsu S, Heluta V, Jin DN, Wang SB, He YH, Zhang ZY, Liu L, Liu TZ, Ilyukhin EV, Lu XX, Li Y (2025). Phylogeny and taxonomy of <i>Acer</i> powdery mildews, including genera <i>Sawadaea</i> and <i>Takamatsuella</i> (<i>Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota</i>). <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>112</b>: 1-38. doi: 10.3114/sim.2025.112.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"112 ","pages":"1-38"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12786631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From chaos to tranquillity: a modern approach to the identification, nomenclature and phylogeny of <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Penicillium</i> and other <i>Eurotiales</i>, including an updated accepted species list.","authors":"C M Visagie, J Houbraken, D P Overy, F Sklenář, K Bensch, J C Frisvad, J Mack, G Perrone, R A Samson, N I van Vuuren, N Yilmaz, V Hubka","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.04","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.04","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Eurotiales&lt;/i&gt; is a diverse and speciose order and includes economically important genera like &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Paecilomyces&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Talaromyces&lt;/i&gt;. Historically, species identifications based on morphology are challenging. The publication of accepted species lists and the availability of representative DNA sequences for type strains have contributed greatly towards accurate species identification and facilitated the description of many new species. However, despite current advancements, a proportion of newly described species within these taxonomically challenging genera represent, in fact, existing species, which raises obvious concerns. This study thus aimed to further modernise the taxonomy of &lt;i&gt;Eurotiales&lt;/i&gt; by addressing key challenges in species identification and classification. Our study objectives were threefold: 1) to review species described after 2023, 2) update the accepted species list, and 3) release a curated DNA sequence dataset to facilitate future species identifications. We conclude that a move to a phylogenetic species concept is necessary but continue to support the inclusion of morphological descriptions and, where possible, associated secondary metabolite, exoenzyme, physiology and ecological data when introducing new species. Based on our phylogenetic analyses, we accept 130 of 171 species described since 2023 but reduce 41 to synonyms. Furthermore, we also reduced 17 species described pre-2023 to synonyms. Our list now contains 1393 species classified into four families and 26 genera, with &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; (n = 465), &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; (n = 598) and &lt;i&gt;Talaromyces&lt;/i&gt; (n = 236) containing the most species. To aid sequence-based identifications and species descriptions under a phylogenetic species concept, we release a curated DNA reference sequence database containing 18837 DNA sequences (3867 ITS, 5277 &lt;i&gt;BenA&lt;/i&gt;, 5110 &lt;i&gt;CaM&lt;/i&gt; and 4583 &lt;i&gt;RPB2&lt;/i&gt;) generated from 5325 strains. Sequences were selected to best cover the infraspecies variation under our current understanding of each species. The species list and sequence database will be kept up to date as new information becomes available and will remain available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16605949. This manuscript presents a major leap towards our goal to facilitate work with &lt;i&gt;Eurotiales&lt;/i&gt;, while providing the taxonomic framework to support research excellence related to this important fungal group. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New sections:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Talaromyces&lt;/i&gt; section &lt;i&gt;Brunneospori&lt;/i&gt; Visagie, Houbraken & Hubka. &lt;b&gt;New series:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; series &lt;i&gt;Cibarii&lt;/i&gt; Visagie, Houbraken & Hubka; &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; series &lt;i&gt;Veneta&lt;/i&gt; Visagie, Houbraken & Hubka. &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Penicillium linzhiense&lt;/i&gt; H-K. Wang & R. Jeewon; &lt;i&gt;Penicillium simile&lt;/i&gt; Davolos, Pietr., Persiani & Maggi.; &lt;i&gt;Penicillium ulleungdoense&lt;/i&gt; D.H. Choi & J.G. Kim &lt;b&gt;Citation:&lt;/b&gt; Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Overy DP, Sklenář ","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"112 ","pages":"117-260"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12786731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}