Studies in Mycology最新文献

{"title":"Re-shaping the family-level classification of <i>Agaricineae</i> (<i>Agaricales</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>) using a phylogenomic approach.","authors":"T Niskanen, B Dentinger, A M Ainsworth, I Kytövuori, J T Kim, G W Griffith, K Liimatainen","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.113.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic-level data have enabled us to infer better resolved phylogenetic estimates and revolutionised our views on fungal relationships. <i>Agaricineae</i> is the largest suborder of <i>Agaricales</i> and mainly comprises the brown- and dark-spored <i>Agaricales</i> with thick-walled and pigmented basidiospores. Our study is the most extensive phylogenomic study of the suborder <i>Agaricineae</i> to date including 54 genera and 86 species. For 25 of them, shallow whole genome sequence data were produced in this study from dried fungarium specimens collected between 1997 and 2016. A total of 24 families is recognised including five that are proposed as new: <i>Agrocybaceae</i>, <i>Galerinaceae</i>, <i>Hemipholiotaceae</i>, <i>Kuehneromycetaceae</i> and <i>Phaeocollybiaceae</i>. In addition, <i>Battarreaceae</i> and <i>Chromocyphellaceae</i> are accepted at family level based on previous phylogenetic studies, bringing the total number of accepted families in the suborder <i>Agaricineae</i> to 26. The families are further grouped into eight informal \"superfamilies\": Agaricacea, Bolbitiacea, Cortinariacea, Galeropsidacea, Inocybacea, Nidulariacea, Psathyrellacea, and Strophariacea. Several families have been emended based on the current study and recent phylogenetic studies and as a result, a total of 190 genera are listed as accepted in suborder <i>Agaricineae</i>. <b>Taxonomic novelties: New families:</b> <i>Agrocybaceae</i> Locq. ex. Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat., <i>Galerinaceae</i> Locq. ex. Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat., <i>Hemipholiotaceae</i> Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat., <i>Kuehneromycetaceae</i> Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat., <i>Phaeocollybiaceae</i> Niskanen, Kytöv. & Liimat. <b>Epitypes (basionym):</b> <i>Agaricus destruens</i> Brond., <i>Agaricus mutabilis</i> Schaeff., <i>Agaricus praecox</i> Pers., <i>Agaricus vittiformis</i> Fr. <b>Lectotypes (basionym):</b> <i>Agaricus destruens</i> Brond., <i>Agaricus mutabilis</i> Schaeff., <i>Agaricus praecox</i> Pers., <i>Agaricus vittiformis</i> Fr. <b>Neotypes (basionym):</b> <i>Agaricus lugubris</i> Fr., <i>Agaricus populneus</i> Pers. <b>Citation:</b> Niskanen T, Dentinger B, Ainsworth AM, Kytövuori I, Kim JT, Griffith GW, Liimatainen K (2026). Re-shaping the family-level classification of <i>Agaricineae</i> (<i>Agaricales</i>, <i>Basidiomycota</i>) using a phylogenomic approach. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>113</b>: 115-134. doi: 10.3114/sim.2026.113.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"113 ","pages":"115-134"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil ascomycetes from Spain. XV. New and noteworthy fungi from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands archipelago).","authors":"A P Sastoque, A M Stchigel, J F Cano-Lira","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.113.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gran Canaria is the third island in surface area and altitude of the Canary Islands archipelago (Spain), located in the Atlantic Ocean. Its geomorphology provides a wide range of ecological niches that, together with its geographical isolation, have given rise to numerous endemic species of animals and plants. Despite extensive studies on their flora and fauna, research on microscopic fungi remains limited. Therefore, to assess the biodiversity of geophilic microscopic fungi of Gran Canaria, 12 samples were collected from the topsoil layer in different sites of &lt;i&gt;Finca de Osorio&lt;/i&gt;, in &lt;i&gt;Parque Rural de Doramas&lt;/i&gt;, at the North of the island. The samples were processed by direct sprinkling onto glycerol 18 % agar (G18) and ascospore agar (AA), by activation of dormant spores using 5 % acetic acid followed by plating onto potato-carrot extract agar (PCA), and by Toma-Karling-Vanbreuseghem (&lt;i&gt;ToKaVa&lt;/i&gt;) hair baiting method. Incubation was carried out at 25 °C and 37 °C. The fungi were isolated in pure culture, and the strains were phenotypically characterized and preliminary identified using molecular data by comparing the nucleotide sequences of one or more phylogenetic informative markers using the BLAST search tool. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted when it was necessary. A total of 199 fungal strains were obtained, being assigned to 37 genera and 76 species, including four new genera, 17 new species and three new combinations distributed across the family &lt;i&gt;Chaetomiaceae&lt;/i&gt; (12), and the genera &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; (2), &lt;i&gt;Spiromastigoides&lt;/i&gt; (1), &lt;i&gt;Thermoascus&lt;/i&gt; (1) and &lt;i&gt;Westerdykella&lt;/i&gt; (1). In conclusion, the volcanic soils of Gran Canaria Island show a high fungal diversity, particularly within the family &lt;i&gt;Chaetomiaceae&lt;/i&gt;, highlighting that the Macaronesia is an underexplored geographic region reservoir of micromycetes. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New genera:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Catenatispora&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Novoallocanariomyces&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Novochaetomium&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Paraarxotrichum&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel. &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Allocanariomyces diversisporus&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Botryotrichum solisexuale&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Canariomyces similis&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Catenatispora terrestris&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Chaetomium annellidicum&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Humicola simplicissima&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Novoallocanariomyces verrucisporus&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Novochaetomium canariense&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Ovatospora phialospora&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Paraarxotrichum sterile&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Penicillium abortivum&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Penicillium doramasicum&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Pseudohumicola duospora&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Stchigel & Cano, &lt;i&gt;Pseudohumicola fragilis&lt;/i&gt; Sastoque, Cano & Stchigel, &lt;i&gt;Spiromastigoides globisp","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"113 ","pages":"72-114"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into acremonium-like fungi in <i>Hypocreales</i>: A taxonomic and phylogenetic perspective.","authors":"L Zhao, J Z Groenewald, L W Hou, M Starink-Willemse, B Beek, O A Grum-Grzhimaylo, R C Summerbell, P W Crous","doi":"10.3114/sim.2026.113.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2026.113.01","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acremonium-like fungi represent a morphologically reduced and polyphyletic group with ecological roles ranging from saprophytes and endophytes to opportunistic pathogens, and with demonstrated potential for producing bioactive secondary metabolites. Convergent morphologies and incomplete molecular data have long hampered their taxonomic resolution. Recent studies, combining morphological features, phylogenetic analyses, and ecological and host associations have classified acremonium-like species within the orders &lt;i&gt;Cephalothecales&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Coniochaetales&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Glomerellales&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/i&gt;. Furthermore, &lt;i&gt;Acremonium&lt;/i&gt; s. str. is restricted to the family &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;. However, many acremonium-like species remain to be discovered, and there are still gaps in our understanding of their ecological functions and potential applications in biotechnology. In this study, we evaluated 402 isolates of acremonium-like fungi from the CBS culture collection, including isolates that had not yet undergone molecular analysis. Isolates were analysed based on morphological characters and molecular phylogeny, for which DNA sequence data were obtained from the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 and 5.8S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (ITS), partial 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA, and the protein-coding genes RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (&lt;i&gt;RPB2&lt;/i&gt;) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (&lt;i&gt;TEF1&lt;/i&gt;). Our results place those isolates into the orders &lt;i&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Trichosphaeriales&lt;/i&gt;, distributed in 18 families and 149 species. The most represented family is &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;, followed by &lt;i&gt;Sarocladiaceae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Trichosphaeriaceae&lt;/i&gt;. We introduce two new families, seven new genera, and 33 novel species, along with four new combinations. This study provides a robust phylogenetic framework for the order &lt;i&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/i&gt;, resolving 29 families, thereby stablishing a strong foundation for future ecological, medical, and biotechnological studies on this taxonomically complex group. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New families:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Aurantidochiaceae&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Neochrysonectriaceae&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous. &lt;b&gt;New genera: &lt;i&gt;Aurantidochiaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Aurantidochium&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Lagenariomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Cannomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Pilgeriellomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Neochrysonectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Neochrysonectria&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Stachybotryaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Sporodochius&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Trichosphaeriaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Titanomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous. &lt;b&gt;New species: &lt;i&gt;Aurantidochiaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Lagenariomyces collarulis&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Lagenariomyces varioconidialis&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Acremonium ecuadorense&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Acremonium proliferatum&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Acremonium soli&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Acremonium tapetis&lt;/i&gt; ","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"113 ","pages":"1-71"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny and taxonomy of <i>Acer</i> powdery mildews, including genera <i>Sawadaea</i> and <i>Takamatsuella</i> (<i>Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota</i>).","authors":"J Feng, G X Guan, X L Wu, S Y Liu, J G Song, M Bradshaw, M Götz, U Braun, S Takamatsu, V Heluta, D N Jin, S B Wang, Y H He, Z Y Zhang, L Liu, T Z Liu, E V Ilyukhin, X X Lu, Y Li","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.01","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acer</i> (<i>Sapindaceae</i>) is a major genus of broadleaf trees dominating deciduous forests in the Northern Hemisphere, with Asia exhibiting the highest species diversity. Many economically important <i>Acer</i> species are cultivated for ornamental or timber purposes. <i>Acer</i> powdery mildew, caused by fungi in the tribe <i>Cystotheceae</i>, poses significant global economic and ecological threats. The pathogenicity spectrum remains unclear due to taxonomic uncertainties in its primary causal genera, <i>Sawadaea</i> and <i>Takamatsuella</i>. This study presents a comprehensive phylogenetic-taxonomic analysis of the two genera across East Asia, Europe, and North America. Using 75 ITS and 58 28S rDNA newly obtained sequences, we resolved 12 <i>Sawadaea</i> species and one <i>Takamatsuella</i> species into nine monophyletic clades, revealing marked cryptic diversity (three new species: <i>S. acerina, S. aceris-arguti, S. taii</i>) and two paraphyletic groups (<i>S. bifida/S. negundinis</i>). Taxonomic revisions include: <i>S. bicornis</i> split into two <i>formae</i> (<i>f. bicornis</i> and <i>f. polyphaga f. nov.</i>) with distinct host preferences; <i>S. tulasnei</i> (sensu stricto) restricted to Europe/North America, invalidating previous Asian records; <i>S. nankinensis</i> and <i>S. koelreuteriae</i> form two basal lineages. Phylogenetic positioning confirmed <i>Takamatsuella</i> as a distinct genus sister to <i>Sawadaea</i>, supported by an ITS1 26 bp deletion. Host specificity analysis revealed narrow host ranges (primarily <i>Acer</i>) with two evolutionary host expansions to <i>Koelreuteria, Aesculus</i>, and <i>Liquidambar</i>. This study also newly describes the asexual morphs of four species (<i>S. aesculi, S. bifida, S. bomiensis</i> and <i>S. kovaliana</i>) and establishes a molecular framework for disease management through clarified phylogeny and taxonomy. Our findings provide critical insights into fungal evolution, host-pathogen interactions, and strategies for mitigating powdery mildew impacts in forest ecosystems. <b>Taxonomic novelties: New <i>forma</i>:</b> <i>Sawadaea bicornis f. polyphaga</i> M. Bradshaw & U. Braun. <b>New species:</b> <i>Sawadaea acerina</i> G.X. Guan & S.Y. Liu, <i>Sawadaea aceris-arguti</i> S. Takam. & U. Braun, <i>Sawadaea taii</i> G.X. Guan & S.Y. Liu. <b>Citation:</b> Feng J, Guan GX, Wu XL, Liu SY, Song JG, Bradshaw M, Götz M, Braun U, Takamatsu S, Heluta V, Jin DN, Wang SB, He YH, Zhang ZY, Liu L, Liu TZ, Ilyukhin EV, Lu XX, Li Y (2025). Phylogeny and taxonomy of <i>Acer</i> powdery mildews, including genera <i>Sawadaea</i> and <i>Takamatsuella</i> (<i>Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota</i>). <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>112</b>: 1-38. doi: 10.3114/sim.2025.112.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"112 ","pages":"1-38"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12786631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From chaos to tranquillity: a modern approach to the identification, nomenclature and phylogeny of <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Penicillium</i> and other <i>Eurotiales</i>, including an updated accepted species list.","authors":"C M Visagie, J Houbraken, D P Overy, F Sklenář, K Bensch, J C Frisvad, J Mack, G Perrone, R A Samson, N I van Vuuren, N Yilmaz, V Hubka","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.04","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.04","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Eurotiales&lt;/i&gt; is a diverse and speciose order and includes economically important genera like &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Paecilomyces&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Talaromyces&lt;/i&gt;. Historically, species identifications based on morphology are challenging. The publication of accepted species lists and the availability of representative DNA sequences for type strains have contributed greatly towards accurate species identification and facilitated the description of many new species. However, despite current advancements, a proportion of newly described species within these taxonomically challenging genera represent, in fact, existing species, which raises obvious concerns. This study thus aimed to further modernise the taxonomy of &lt;i&gt;Eurotiales&lt;/i&gt; by addressing key challenges in species identification and classification. Our study objectives were threefold: 1) to review species described after 2023, 2) update the accepted species list, and 3) release a curated DNA sequence dataset to facilitate future species identifications. We conclude that a move to a phylogenetic species concept is necessary but continue to support the inclusion of morphological descriptions and, where possible, associated secondary metabolite, exoenzyme, physiology and ecological data when introducing new species. Based on our phylogenetic analyses, we accept 130 of 171 species described since 2023 but reduce 41 to synonyms. Furthermore, we also reduced 17 species described pre-2023 to synonyms. Our list now contains 1393 species classified into four families and 26 genera, with &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; (n = 465), &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; (n = 598) and &lt;i&gt;Talaromyces&lt;/i&gt; (n = 236) containing the most species. To aid sequence-based identifications and species descriptions under a phylogenetic species concept, we release a curated DNA reference sequence database containing 18837 DNA sequences (3867 ITS, 5277 &lt;i&gt;BenA&lt;/i&gt;, 5110 &lt;i&gt;CaM&lt;/i&gt; and 4583 &lt;i&gt;RPB2&lt;/i&gt;) generated from 5325 strains. Sequences were selected to best cover the infraspecies variation under our current understanding of each species. The species list and sequence database will be kept up to date as new information becomes available and will remain available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16605949. This manuscript presents a major leap towards our goal to facilitate work with &lt;i&gt;Eurotiales&lt;/i&gt;, while providing the taxonomic framework to support research excellence related to this important fungal group. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New sections:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Talaromyces&lt;/i&gt; section &lt;i&gt;Brunneospori&lt;/i&gt; Visagie, Houbraken & Hubka. &lt;b&gt;New series:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; series &lt;i&gt;Cibarii&lt;/i&gt; Visagie, Houbraken & Hubka; &lt;i&gt;Penicillium&lt;/i&gt; series &lt;i&gt;Veneta&lt;/i&gt; Visagie, Houbraken & Hubka. &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Penicillium linzhiense&lt;/i&gt; H-K. Wang & R. Jeewon; &lt;i&gt;Penicillium simile&lt;/i&gt; Davolos, Pietr., Persiani & Maggi.; &lt;i&gt;Penicillium ulleungdoense&lt;/i&gt; D.H. Choi & J.G. Kim &lt;b&gt;Citation:&lt;/b&gt; Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Overy DP, Sklenář ","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"112 ","pages":"117-260"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12786731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemodiversity of <i>Penicillium</i> isolated from alpine and arctic environments, including ten new species.","authors":"D P Overy, J C Frisvad, T E Witte, C L Hicks, A Hermans, A Sproule, G Louis-Seize, K A Seifert, N Yilmaz, J Price, N I van Vuuren, C M Visagie","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.03","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polar, high altitude montane and cold desert environments harbour only sparse plant life and often remain frozen for extended periods. Because of their remoteness, often combined with restricted access, such regions are rarely visited and the fungal biodiversity of the soils is scarcely studied. Despite this, when such studies are undertaken, psychrophilic <i>Penicillium</i> species are often reported and the isolates exhibit a high spectrum of biologically active compounds of biotechnological interest. Small molecule profiling by mass spectrometry (often called 'metabolomics') can supplement phylogenetic species concepts and provide information to characterize variation within species or populations. During large scale fungal isolation surveys exploring new psychrophilic fungi from high altitude alpine and arctic tundra soils, several undescribed <i>Penicillium</i> species were discovered. A polyphasic taxonomic approach was adopted to formally describe ten new species using multigene phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characterizations including secondary metabolite production, colony characters, and microscopic analysis of morphological structures. Using untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking tools, an emphasis was made to characterize, compare and discuss in depth, the chemical diversity associated with these new <i>Penicillium</i> species. <b>Taxonomic novelties: New species:</b> <i>Penicillium algidum</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium aquamarinum</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium discoense</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium hesseltinei</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium jugorum</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium marthae</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium oreophilum</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert, Christensen & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium rivulorum</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium turcosum</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad, <i>Penicillium wyomingense</i> Visagie, Overy, Seifert & Frisvad. <b>Citation:</b> Overy DP, Frisvad JC, Witte TE, Hicks CL, Hermans A, Sproule A, Louis-Seize G, Seifert KA, Yilmaz N, Price J, van Vuuren NI, Visagie CM (2025). Chemodiversity of <i>Penicillium</i> isolated from alpine and arctic environments, including ten new species. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>112</b>: 75-116. doi: 10.3114/sim.2025.112.03.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"112 ","pages":"75-116"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12786642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global diversity analysis of plant-associated <i>Pseudopithomyces</i> fungi reveals a new species producing the toxin associated with facial eczema in livestock: <i>Pseudopithomyces toxicarius sp. nov</i>.","authors":"B S Weir, J S Sidhu, C L Brosnahan, D Lee, P H Maclean, D Park, R Jauregui, R D Johnson, M E Petterson, A F R Williams, N R Morse, J M Sprosen, Y-W Lim, B J Bridgeman, T J Walker, S Kumar, W J Mace, S Prakash, X Liu, D E Hume, C Couldrey, R E Beever, C R Voisey","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.02","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.02","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Facial eczema (FE) in ruminants is associated with the fungal toxin sporidesmin that can cause significant mortality in grazing livestock. Incidences are particularly severe in New Zealand but are reported worldwide. The syndrome has historically been attributed to &lt;i&gt;Pithomyces chartarum&lt;/i&gt;, a species transferred to &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces&lt;/i&gt; in 2015, but the classification of many other &lt;i&gt;Pithomyces&lt;/i&gt; species remains unresolved. In this study we investigated the taxonomy of &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces&lt;/i&gt; using modern species concepts and clarified which species make sporidesmin. Fungal isolates were cultured from grass samples obtained from New Zealand farms and roadside collections in 2014-2022. International isolates, including all available types, and historic isolates deposited in the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP) were also evaluated. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region plus four concatenated protein coding genes distinguished 15 species in the genus. We describe &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces toxicarius sp. nov.&lt;/i&gt; as a novel sporidesmin producing species, most formerly identified as &lt;i&gt;Pse. chartarum&lt;/i&gt;, with 80 % of isolates in this study able to produce the toxin. Two &lt;i&gt;Pithomyces&lt;/i&gt; species are combined into &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces&lt;/i&gt; as &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces cynodontis comb. nov&lt;/i&gt;. and &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces pavgii comb. nov&lt;/i&gt;. We also place &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces pandanicola&lt;/i&gt; in synonymy with &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces palmicola. Pithomyces terricola&lt;/i&gt; is reclassified into the family &lt;i&gt;Longipedicellataceae&lt;/i&gt; as &lt;i&gt;Pseudoxylomyces terricola comb. nov&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces chartarum&lt;/i&gt; was the only other species where sporidesmin was detected, but this was found in only one of 14 isolates we tested. The extent of sporidesmin synthesis in this genus remains to be determined due to the limited availability of strains for testing in other species. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms from whole genome Illumina sequences of isolates from &lt;i&gt;Pse. toxicarius, Pse. chartarum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pse. palmicola&lt;/i&gt; revealed distinct genetic subclades within each species. Four species were detected in New Zealand. &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces toxicarius&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pse. chartarum&lt;/i&gt; were recovered from grass samples collected from the North and South Islands, &lt;i&gt;Pse. palmicola&lt;/i&gt; ICMP 12878 was recovered once from pasture at a North Island research station in 1993, and &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces&lt;/i&gt; sp. 'gladiolus NZ', which is currently undescribed. No species were unique to New Zealand, suggesting widespread global distribution. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces toxicarius&lt;/i&gt; B.S. Weir, D. Lee, J.S. Sidhu, & C.R. Voisey. &lt;b&gt;New combinations:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces cynodontis&lt;/i&gt; (M.B. Ellis) B.S. Weir & D. Lee, &lt;i&gt;Pseudopithomyces pavgii&lt;/i&gt; (V.R. Nath) B.S. Weir & D. Lee, &lt;i&gt;Pseudoxylomyces terricola&lt;/i&gt; (Manohar. & P. Rama Rao) B.S. Weir & D. Lee. &lt;b&gt;Citation:&lt;/b&gt; Weir BS, Sidhu JS, Brosnahan CL, Lee D,","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"112 ","pages":"39-73"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12786636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genera of phytopathogenic fungi known from culture: 1-379.","authors":"P W Crous, J Z Groenewald, K Bensch, J Gené, J Guarro","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.05","DOIUrl":"10.3114/sim.2025.112.05","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Approximately 200000 species of fungi have been described to date, representing nearly 8000 currently recognised genera. Many of these genera are regarded as plant pathogenic, as they include at least one species proven to cause pre- or postharvest plant disease. Following the abandonment of dual nomenclature and the advent of DNA sequencing and phylogenetic approaches, numerous para- and polyphyletic clades were resolved into distinct genera. These genera are now defined based on morphology, ecology, and DNA phylogeny. The present paper represents the first in a series that aims to provide descriptions, classification, illustrations, significant species, disease symptoms, and DNA data for the common genera of phytopathogenic fungi known from culture, including the first treatment of 379 genera. In addition, several new combinations, lecto-, epi-, or neotypes are also proposed. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties: New combinations:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Anisogramma coryli&lt;/i&gt; (Batsch) Crous, &lt;i&gt;Helostroma bacarum&lt;/i&gt; (Buhagiar) Aime & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Hymenella cerealis&lt;/i&gt; (Ellis & Everh.) Crous & J.Z. Groenew., &lt;i&gt;Hypomyces multiseptatus&lt;/i&gt; (de Hoog) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Hypomyces verticillatus&lt;/i&gt; (Link) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Mastigocladium capsici&lt;/i&gt; (S.Q. Tong & Y.J. Wu) Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Mastigocladium lepidopterorum&lt;/i&gt; (L.W. Hou &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;) Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Microstroma glucosiphilum&lt;/i&gt; (T. Kij. & Aime) Aime & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Paraconiothyrium coniothyrium&lt;/i&gt; (Fuckel) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella aquilegiicola&lt;/i&gt; (M. Petrov) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella clematidina&lt;/i&gt; (Thüm.) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella clematidis-rectae&lt;/i&gt; (Petr.) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella glaucii&lt;/i&gt; (Brunaud) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella humulicola&lt;/i&gt; (Chaiwan &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella hydei&lt;/i&gt; (Maharachch. &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella parvula&lt;/i&gt; (L.W. Hou &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella petasitis&lt;/i&gt; (Tibpromma &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella rosae&lt;/i&gt; (Qian Chen &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella sandfjordenica&lt;/i&gt; (Crous & Rämä) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella vincetoxici&lt;/i&gt; (De Not.) Crous & Bensch, &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella vodakii&lt;/i&gt; (E. Müll.) Crous & Bensch; &lt;b&gt;New name:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Sclerophomella humuligena&lt;/i&gt; Crous & Bensch for &lt;i&gt;Calophoma humuli&lt;/i&gt; V. Thiyag. &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;New typifications (basionyms):&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ascochyta pisi&lt;/i&gt; Lib., &lt;i&gt;Cryptosphaeria glaucopunctata&lt;/i&gt; Grev., &lt;i&gt;Diaporthe cubensis&lt;/i&gt; Bruner, &lt;i&gt;Geotrichum candidum&lt;/i&gt; Link, &lt;i&gt;Hymenula cerealis&lt;/i&gt; Ellis & Everh., &lt;i&gt;Lanosa nivalis&lt;/i&gt; Fr., &lt;i&gt;Mauginiella scaettae&lt;/i&gt; Cavara, &lt;i&gt;Phaeophleospora eugeniae&lt;/i&gt; Rangel, &lt;i&gt;Pilidium acerinum&lt;/i&gt; Kunze, &lt;i&gt;Seiridium marginatum&lt;/i&gt; Nees, &lt;i&gt;Sphaeria melanostyla&lt;/i&gt; DC., &lt;i&gt;Sporendonema sebi&lt;/i&gt; Fr., &lt;i&gt;Tubercularia chaetospora&lt;/i&gt; Pat., &lt;i&gt;Wallemia ichthyophaga&lt;/i&gt; Johan-Olsen. &lt;b&gt;Citation:&lt;/b&gt; Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Bensch K, Gené J, Guarro J (2025","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"112 ","pages":"261-633"},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12786776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bionectriaceae</i>: a poorly known family of hypocrealean fungi with major commercial potential.","authors":"L Zhao, J Z Groenewald, L W Hou, R C Summerbell, P W Crous","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.111.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2025.111.04","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ascomycete family &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Hypocreales&lt;/i&gt;) contains cosmopolitan species distributed throughout a broad range of environments, mainly occurring in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, with a less frequent occurrence in marine habitats. Members of the family are commonly used in industrial, pharmaceutical, and commercial applications. Applications utilise biodegraders and biocontrol agents, while certain taxa serve as a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In recent years, several studies have proposed new taxonomic concepts within &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt; based on multi-gene phylogenetic inference. However, the status of several genera remains controversial or unclear, and many need to be re-collected and subjected to molecular analysis. The present study aims to improve our understanding of &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt; by re-examining CBS culture collection strains preliminarily identified as taxa within this family. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses are based on alignments of the nuclear ribosomal subunits consisting of the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), as well as partial sequences for the 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA. Additional regions within protein-encoding genes were used, including the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (&lt;i&gt;RPB2&lt;/i&gt;), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (&lt;i&gt;TEF1&lt;/i&gt;) regions. The sequences generated were used to reconstruct a phylogenetic backbone of the family &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;, and to delineate lineages and generic boundaries within it. Based on these results, seven new genera, 35 new species, and nine new combinations are proposed. A robustly supported phylogenetic framework is provided for &lt;i&gt;Bionectriaceae&lt;/i&gt;, resolving 352 species and 50 well-supported genera. This study provides a solid foundation for more in-depth future studies on taxa in the family. &lt;b&gt;Taxonomic novelties:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;New genera:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Clavatomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Collarimyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Vitreipilata&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Parageonectria&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Physaromyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Smyrniomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Urticomyces&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous. &lt;b&gt;New species:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Acremonium paramultiramosum&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Clavatomyces prestoeae&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Clonostachys novocaledonica&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Clonostachys tropica&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Collarimyces guttiformis&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Emericellopsis mexicana&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Emericellopsis proliferata&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Emericellopsis soli&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Fusariella triangulispora&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Geonectria alni&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Geonectria quercus&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Geosmithia cupressina&lt;/i&gt; V. Meshram &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;i&gt;Geosmithia magnispora&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Gliomastix olivacea&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;Hydropisphaera armeniaca&lt;/i&gt; Lin Zhao & Crous, &lt;i&gt;H","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"111 ","pages":"115-198"},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomics and functional annotation of 530 non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeasts from winemaking environments reveals their fermentome and flavorome.","authors":"R Franco-Duarte, T Fernandes, M J Sousa, P Sampaio, T Rito, P Soares","doi":"10.3114/sim.2025.111.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2025.111.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The winemaking industry faces unprecedented challenges due to climate change and market shifts, with profound commercial and socioeconomic repercussions. In response, non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeasts have gained attention for their potential to both mitigate these challenges and enhance the complexity of winemaking. This study builds upon our previous cataloguing of 293 non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeast species associated with winemaking environments by rigorously analysing 661 publicly available genomes. By employing a bioinformatics pipeline with stringent quality control checkpoints, we annotated and evaluated these genomes, culminating in a robust dataset of 530 non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> proteomes, belonging to 134 species, accessible to the research community. Employing this dataset, we conducted a comparative phylogenomic analysis to decipher metabolic networks related to fermentation capacity and flavor/aroma modulation. Our functional annotation has uncovered distinctive metabolic traits of non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeasts, elucidating their unique contributions to enology. Crucially, this work pioneers the identification of a non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> 'fermentome', a specific set of six genes uniquely present in fermentative species and absent in non-fermentative ones, and an expanded set of 35 genes constituting the complete fermentome. Moreover, we delineated a 'flavorome' by examining 96 genes across 19 metabolic categories implicated in wine aroma and flavour enhancement. These discoveries provide valuable genomic insights, offering new avenues for innovative winemaking practices and research. <b>Citation</b>: Franco-Duarte R, Fernandes T, Sousa MJ, Sampaio P, Rito T, Soares P (2025). Phylogenomics and functional annotation of 530 non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeasts from winemaking environments reveals their fermentome and flavorome. <i>Studies in Mycology</i> <b>111</b>: 1-17. doi: 10.3114/sim.2025.111.01.</p>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"111 ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144080610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}