Studies in Mycology最新文献

{"title":"Fungus wars: basidiomycete battles in wood decay","authors":"J. Hiscox,&nbsp;J. O'Leary,&nbsp;L. Boddy","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the mechanisms underlying wood decay basidiomycete community dynamics is crucial for fully understanding decomposition processes, and for modelling ecosystem function and resilience to environmental change. Competition drives community development in decaying woody resources, with interactions occurring at a distance, following physical contact, and through specialised relationships such as mycoparasitism. Outcomes of combative interactions range from replacement, where one mycelium displaces another, to deadlock, where neither combatant captures territory from the other; and a spectrum of intermediate outcomes (i.e. partial or mutual replacement) lie between these extremes. Many wood decay basidiomycetes coexist within a resource, in a complex and dynamic community, and new research techniques are focussing on spatial orientation of interactions in 3 dimensions, as opposed to historical two-dimensional research. Not only do interactions drive changes in species composition and thus wood decomposition rate, they also may have industrial applications in biocontrol of pathogenic or nuisance fungi, enzyme production, and in the production of novel antifungals and antibiotics. Altogether, fungal interactions are a fascinating and important field of study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36229935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RXLR effector diversity in Phytophthora infestans isolates determines recognition by potato resistance proteins; the case study AVR1 and R1","authors":"Y. Du ,&nbsp;R. Weide ,&nbsp;Z. Zhao ,&nbsp;P. Msimuko ,&nbsp;F. Govers ,&nbsp;K. Bouwmeester","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Late blight disease caused by the plant pathogenic oomycete pathogen <em>Phytophthora infestans</em> is one of the most limiting factors in potato production. <em>P. infestans</em> is able to overcome introgressed late blight resistance by adaptation of effector genes. AVR1 is an RXLR effector that triggers immune responses when recognized by the potato resistance protein R1. <em>P. infestans</em> isolates avirulent on R1 plants were found to have AVR1 variants that are recognized by R1. Virulent isolates though, lack AVR1 but do contain a close homologue of AVR1, named A-L, of which all variants escape recognition by R1. Co-expression of <em>AVR1</em> and <em>R1</em> in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> results in a hypersensitive response (HR). In contrast, HR is not activated when <em>A-L</em> is co-expressed with <em>R1</em>. AVR1 and A-L are highly similar in structure. They share two W motifs and one Y motif in the C-terminal part but differ in the T-region, a 38 amino acid extension at the carboxyl-terminal tail of AVR1 lacking in A-L. To pinpoint what determines R1-mediated recognition of AVR1 we tested elicitor activity of AVR1 and A-L chimeric and deletion constructs by co-expression with R1. The T-region is important as it enables R1-mediated recognition of A-L, not only when fused to A-L but also via trans-complementation. Yet, AVR1 lacking the T-region is still active as an elicitor of HR, but this activity is lost when certain motifs are swapped with A-L. These data show that A-L circumvents R1 recognition not only because it lacks the T-region, but also because of differences in the conserved C-terminal effector motifs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.01.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36230509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cladosporium species in indoor environments","authors":"K. Bensch ,&nbsp;J.Z. Groenewald ,&nbsp;M. Meijer ,&nbsp;J. Dijksterhuis ,&nbsp;Ž. Jurjević ,&nbsp;B. Andersen ,&nbsp;J. Houbraken ,&nbsp;P.W. Crous ,&nbsp;R.A. Samson","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As part of a worldwide survey of the indoor mycobiota about 520 new <em>Cladosporium</em> isolates from indoor environments mainly collected in China, Europe, New Zealand, North America and South Africa were investigated by using a polyphasic approach to determine their species identity. All <em>Cladosporium</em> species occurring in indoor environments are fully described and illustrated. Fourty-six <em>Cladosporium</em> species are treated of which 16 species are introduced as new. A key for the most common <em>Cladosporium</em> species isolated from indoor environments is provided. <em>Cladosporium halotolerans</em> proved to be the most frequently isolated <em>Cladosporium</em> species indoors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 177-301"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36030983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel and interesting Ophiocordyceps spp. (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) with superficial perithecia from Thailand","authors":"J. Luangsa-ard ,&nbsp;K. Tasanathai ,&nbsp;D. Thanakitpipattana ,&nbsp;A. Khonsanit ,&nbsp;M. Stadler","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Ophiocordyceps</em> is a heterogeneous, species-rich genus in the order <em>Hypocreales</em> (<em>Sordariomycetes</em>, <em>Ascomycota</em>) that includes invertebrate-pathogenic taxa. In this study, seven new species in <em>Ophiocordyceps</em> producing superficial perithecia infecting various insect hosts (Lepidoptera, Hemiptera) are described from Thailand – <em>Ophiocordyceps brunneinigra, O. brunneiperitheciata, O. geometridicola, O. multiperitheciata, O. pauciovoperitheciata, O. pseudoacicularis</em> and <em>O. spataforae</em>. Phylogenetic analyses based on multigene loci comprising the large subunit of the ribosomal DNA (LSU), partial sequences of elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) and the largest and second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase (RPB1, PRB2) strongly support these new species of <em>Ophiocordyceps</em> in the <em>Ophiocordycipitaceae</em>. They differ from species previously described species <em>Ophiocordyceps acicularis, O. atewensis, O. cochlidiicola,</em> and <em>O. crinalis,</em> in the shape and sizes of distinguishing characters such as perithecia, ascospores and conidia. We also report a new record of <em>O. macroacicularis</em> in Thailand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 125-142"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36229936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing the evolutionary complexity between rust fungi (Pucciniales) and their plant hosts","authors":"M.C. Aime ,&nbsp;C.D. Bell ,&nbsp;A.W. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rust fungi (<em>Pucciniales</em>) are the most speciose natural group of plant pathogens, members of which possess the most complex lifecycles in <em>Fungi</em>. How natural selection works on the <em>Pucciniales</em> has been the subject of several hypotheses in mycology. This study uses molecular age estimation using sequence data from multiple loci, and cophylogeny reconciliation analyses to test hypotheses regarding how the aecial and telial stages in the lifecycle of rust fungi may have differentially impacted their diversification. Molecular age estimates show that the timing of diversification in the <em>Pucciniales</em> correlates with the diversification of their gymnosperm and angiosperm hosts. Host reconciliation analyses suggest that systematic relationships of hosts from the aecial stage of the <em>Pucciniales</em> lifecycle better reflect the systematic relationships among the <em>Pucciniales</em>. The results demonstrate the relative importance of this stage on the overall evolution of the <em>Pucciniales</em> and supports hypotheses made by Leppik over half a century ago. This study represents the first evaluation of how different life stages in the <em>Pucciniales</em> shape the evolution of these fungi.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36229937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology","authors":"Sara Maroske,&nbsp;Tom W. May","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition from amateur to professional in natural history is generally regarded as having taken place in the nineteenth century, but landmark events such as the 1917 appointment of mycologist Johanna Westerdijk (1883–1961) as the first female professor in the Netherlands indicate that the pattern of change for women was more varied and delayed than for men. We investigate this transition in mycology, and identify only 43 women in the Western World who published scientific mycological literature pre-1900, of whom twelve published new fungal taxa. By charting the emergence of these women over time, and comparing the output of self-taught amateurs and university graduates, we establish the key role of access to higher education in female participation in mycology. Using a suite of strategies, six of the self-taught amateurs managed to overcome their educational disadvantages and name names — Catharina Dörrien (the first to name a fungal taxon), Marie-Anne Libert, Mary Elizabeth Banning, Élise-Caroline Bommer, Mariette Rousseau, and Annie Lorrain Smith. By 1900, the professional era for women in mycology was underway, and increasing numbers published new taxa. Parity with male colleagues in recognition and promotion, however, remains an ongoing issue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 63-84"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36230508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food","authors":"A.J. Chen ,&nbsp;V. Hubka ,&nbsp;J.C. Frisvad ,&nbsp;C.M. Visagie ,&nbsp;J. Houbraken ,&nbsp;M. Meijer ,&nbsp;J. Varga ,&nbsp;R. Demirel ,&nbsp;Ž. Jurjević ,&nbsp;A. Kubátová ,&nbsp;F. Sklenář ,&nbsp;Y.G. Zhou ,&nbsp;R.A. Samson","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Aspergillus</em> section <em>Aspergillus</em> (formerly the genus <em>Eurotium</em>) includes xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present study, a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of substrates all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (<em>BenA</em>), calmodulin (<em>CaM</em>) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<em>RPB2</em>) genes. Colony characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy to illustrate and characterize each species. Many specific extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons, and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several extrolites show antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a polyphasic approach, 31 species are recognized, including nine new species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish species. All species can be differentiated using <em>CaM</em> or <em>RPB2</em> sequences. For <em>BenA</em>, <em>Aspergillus brunneus</em> and <em>A. niveoglaucus</em> share identical sequences. Ascospores and conidia morphology, growth rates at different temperatures are most useful characters for phenotypic species identification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 37-135"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35316219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scopulariopsis and scopulariopsis-like species from indoor environments","authors":"J.H.C. Woudenberg,&nbsp;M. Meijer,&nbsp;J. Houbraken,&nbsp;R.A. Samson","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scopulariopsis-like species are often reported from the indoor environment, as well as from clinical samples. The lack of type isolates and thorough phylogenetic studies in the <em>Microascaceae</em> hampered the correct identification of these isolates. Based on recent phylogenetic studies, which resulted in multiple name changes, the aim is to molecularly identify the <em>Scopulariopsis</em> and scopulariopsis-like species which occur in the indoor environment and give an overview of the current species in these genera and their habitats. Strains from the CBS culture collection were supplemented with almost 80 indoor strains of which the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 and intervening 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), beta-tubulin (<em>tub2</em>) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<em>tef1</em>) gene regions were sequenced for phylogenetic inference. The multi-gene phylogenies recognise 33 <em>Microascus</em> species and 12 <em>Scopulariopsis</em> species and showed that the recently established genus <em>Fuscoannellis</em>, typified by <em>Scopulariopsis carbonaria</em>, should be synonymized with the genus <em>Yunnania</em>. Seven new <em>Microascus</em> species, four new <em>Scopulariopsis</em> species, and one new <em>Yunnania</em> species, are described, and a new name in <em>Microascus</em> and two new name combinations (one in <em>Microascus</em>, and one in <em>Yunnania</em>) are proposed. In the indoor environment 14 <em>Microascus</em> species and three <em>Scopulariopsis</em> species were found. <em>Scopulariopsis brevicaulis</em> (22 indoor isolates) and <em>Microascus melanosporus</em> (19 indoor isolates) are the most common indoor species, in number of isolates, followed by <em>M. paisii</em> (8 indoor isolates) and <em>S. candida</em> (7 indoor isolates). A genus phylogeny based on the ITS, <em>tef1</em> and the large subunit 28S nrDNA (LSU) of the type or representative isolates of all here recognised species is provided depicting all species habitats. No correlation between phylogenetic relationship and habitat preference could be observed. Ten species which are found indoor are also found in relation with human-derived samples. A table showing recent name changes and a key to common species of <em>Scopulariopsis</em> and scopulariopsis-like genera found indoors is included.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34917063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cephalotrichum and related synnematous fungi with notes on species from the built environment","authors":"J.H.C. Woudenberg ,&nbsp;M. Sandoval-Denis ,&nbsp;J. Houbraken ,&nbsp;K.A. Seifert ,&nbsp;R.A. Samson","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A recent taxonomic revision of <em>Microascaceae</em> with an emphasis on synnematous fungi enabled re-identification of previously isolated indoor strains of <em>Cephalotrichum</em>. All available <em>Cephalotrichum</em> strains from the culture collection of the Westerdijk Institute were studied, 20 originating from the built environment. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from DNA sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 and intervening 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), and parts of β-tubulin (<em>tub2</em>) and translation elongation factor 1-α (<em>tef1</em>) genes. Additionally, herbarium material of 14 <em>Cephalotrichum</em> species described from soil in China was studied, and the taxonomy of <em>C. album</em>, not considered in recent revisions, was reevaluated. Sixteen phylogenetic species in <em>Cephalotrichum</em> are distinguished, five described as new species: <em>C. domesticum</em>, <em>C. lignatile</em>, <em>C. telluricum</em>, <em>C. tenuissimum</em> and <em>C. transvaalense</em>. Five <em>Cephalotrichum</em> species occur in the built environment: <em>C. domesticum</em>, <em>C. gorgonifer</em> (formerly known as <em>Trichurus spiralis</em>), <em>C. microsporum</em>, <em>C. purpureofuscum</em>, and <em>C. verrucisporum</em>. Based on the number of isolates, <em>C. gorgonifer</em> (nine strains) is the most common indoor species. The study of the Chinese herbarium material resulted in the acceptance of three additional <em>Cephalotrichum</em> species: <em>C. casteneum</em>, <em>C. ellipsoideum</em>, and <em>C. spirale</em>. Four species are considered nomena dubia (<em>C. cylindrosporum</em>, <em>C. macrosporum</em>, <em>C. ovoideum</em>, and <em>C. robustum</em>), five are placed in synonymy with other <em>Cephalotrichum</em> species (<em>C. acutisporum</em>, <em>C. inflatum</em>, <em>C. longicollum</em>, <em>C. oblongum</em>, <em>C. terricola</em>) and one species, <em>C. verrucipes</em>, is probably a synonym of <em>Penicillium clavigerum</em>. <em>Cephalotrichum columnare</em>, former <em>Doratomyces columnaris</em>, is transferred to <em>Kernia</em>. <em>Cephalotrichum album</em>, formerly known as <em>Doratomyces putredinis</em>, is transferred to <em>Acaulium</em> and redescribed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 137-159"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35268327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum from the built environment","authors":"J.B. Tanney ,&nbsp;C.M. Visagie ,&nbsp;N. Yilmaz ,&nbsp;K.A. Seifert","doi":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.simyco.2017.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Xerophilic fungi, especially <em>Aspergillus</em> species, are prevalent in the built environment. In this study, we employed a combined culture-independent (454-pyrosequencing) and culture-dependent (dilution-to-extinction) approach to investigate the mycobiota of indoor dust collected from 93 buildings in 12 countries worldwide. High and low water activity (a_w) media were used to capture mesophile and xerophile biodiversity, resulting in the isolation of approximately 9 000 strains. Among these, 340 strains representing seven putative species in <em>Aspergillus</em> subgenus <em>Polypaecilum</em> were isolated, mostly from lowered a_w media, and tentatively identified based on colony morphology and internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS) barcodes. Further morphological study and phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS, β-tubulin (<em>BenA</em>), calmodulin (<em>CaM</em>), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<em>RPB2</em>), DNA topoisomerase 1 (<em>TOP1</em>), and a pre-mRNA processing protein homolog (<em>TSR1</em>) confirmed the isolation of seven species of subgenus <em>Polypaecilum</em>, including five novel species: <em>A</em>. <em>baarnensis</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>keratitidis</em>, <em>A</em>. <em>kalimae</em> sp. nov., <em>A</em>. <em>noonimiae</em> sp. nov., <em>A</em>. <em>thailandensis</em> sp. nov., <em>A</em>. <em>waynelawii</em> sp. nov., and <em>A</em>. <em>whitfieldii</em> sp. nov. Pyrosequencing detected six of the seven species isolated from house dust, as well as one additional species absent from the cultures isolated, and three clades representing potentially undescribed species. Species were typically found in house dust from subtropical and tropical climates, often in close proximity to the ocean or sea. The presence of subgenus <em>Polypaecilum</em>, a recently described clade of xerophilic/xerotolerant, halotolerant/halophilic, and potentially zoopathogenic species, within the built environment is noteworthy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22036,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Mycology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 237-267"},"PeriodicalIF":16.5,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.simyco.2017.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35722421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}