马铃薯抗性蛋白对马铃薯疫霉RXLR效应的识别案例研究AVR1和R1

IF 14.1 1区 生物学 Q1 MYCOLOGY
Y. Du , R. Weide , Z. Zhao , P. Msimuko , F. Govers , K. Bouwmeester
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引用次数: 20

摘要

马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中最严重的制约因素之一。病原菌通过对效应基因的适应,能够克服渐渗的晚疫病抗性。AVR1是一种RXLR效应物,当被马铃薯抗性蛋白R1识别时触发免疫反应。在R1植株上发现无毒株的病原菌分离物具有被R1识别的AVR1变异体。然而,毒力强的分离株缺乏AVR1,但确实含有AVR1的近亲同源物,称为a - l,其中所有变体都逃脱了R1的识别。AVR1和R1在烟叶中的共同表达可导致过敏反应(hypersensitive response, HR)。相反,当A-L与R1共表达时,HR不被激活。AVR1和A-L在结构上非常相似。它们在c端共享两个W基序和一个Y基序,但在t区不同,这是AVR1羧基末端尾部的一个38个氨基酸的延伸,在a - l中缺乏。为了确定是什么决定了R1介导的AVR1识别,我们通过与R1共表达测试了AVR1和A-L嵌合和缺失构建子的活性。t区是重要的,因为它使r1介导的识别A-L,不仅融合到A-L,而且通过反式互补。然而,缺少t区的AVR1作为HR的激发子仍然具有活性,但是当某些基序与A-L交换时,这种活性就会丢失。这些数据表明,A-L避开R1识别不仅是因为它缺少t区,还因为保守的c端效应基序的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

RXLR effector diversity in Phytophthora infestans isolates determines recognition by potato resistance proteins; the case study AVR1 and R1

RXLR effector diversity in Phytophthora infestans isolates determines recognition by potato resistance proteins; the case study AVR1 and R1

RXLR effector diversity in Phytophthora infestans isolates determines recognition by potato resistance proteins; the case study AVR1 and R1

RXLR effector diversity in Phytophthora infestans isolates determines recognition by potato resistance proteins; the case study AVR1 and R1

Late blight disease caused by the plant pathogenic oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans is one of the most limiting factors in potato production. P. infestans is able to overcome introgressed late blight resistance by adaptation of effector genes. AVR1 is an RXLR effector that triggers immune responses when recognized by the potato resistance protein R1. P. infestans isolates avirulent on R1 plants were found to have AVR1 variants that are recognized by R1. Virulent isolates though, lack AVR1 but do contain a close homologue of AVR1, named A-L, of which all variants escape recognition by R1. Co-expression of AVR1 and R1 in Nicotiana benthamiana results in a hypersensitive response (HR). In contrast, HR is not activated when A-L is co-expressed with R1. AVR1 and A-L are highly similar in structure. They share two W motifs and one Y motif in the C-terminal part but differ in the T-region, a 38 amino acid extension at the carboxyl-terminal tail of AVR1 lacking in A-L. To pinpoint what determines R1-mediated recognition of AVR1 we tested elicitor activity of AVR1 and A-L chimeric and deletion constructs by co-expression with R1. The T-region is important as it enables R1-mediated recognition of A-L, not only when fused to A-L but also via trans-complementation. Yet, AVR1 lacking the T-region is still active as an elicitor of HR, but this activity is lost when certain motifs are swapped with A-L. These data show that A-L circumvents R1 recognition not only because it lacks the T-region, but also because of differences in the conserved C-terminal effector motifs.

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来源期刊
Studies in Mycology
Studies in Mycology 生物-真菌学
CiteScore
35.60
自引率
3.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: The international journal Studies in Mycology focuses on advancing the understanding of filamentous fungi, yeasts, and various aspects of mycology. It publishes comprehensive systematic monographs as well as topical issues covering a wide range of subjects including biotechnology, ecology, molecular biology, pathology, and systematics. This Open-Access journal offers unrestricted access to its content. Each issue of Studies in Mycology consists of around 5 to 6 papers, either in the form of monographs or special focused topics. Unlike traditional length restrictions, the journal encourages submissions of manuscripts with a minimum of 50 A4 pages in print. This ensures a thorough exploration and presentation of the research findings, maximizing the depth of the published work.
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