Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献

{"title":"Wear performance of plasma nitrided and DLC coated AISI 316L stainless steel","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Deen Sun ,&nbsp;Hongwei Li ,&nbsp;Jiaoshan Hao ,&nbsp;Yongbing Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Yong ,&nbsp;Zhongyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Qinnan Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the wear performance of plasma nitrided and DLC coated AISI 316L stainless steel were studied. Nitrided samples were compared with the duplex ones (PN + Cr/WC/DLC). The Cr/WC/DLC films were deposited by a PECVD-MS process. As a result, it was concluded that the nitride-free nitrided layer formed on the soft 316L substrate through low-temperature plasma nitriding exhibits high hardness. Additionally, it provides excellent load-bearing capacity for the deposition of the Cr/WC/DLC film, reducing the hardness gradient of the composite coating. The wear rate of PN + Cr/WC/DLC coatings is an order of magnitude lower than that of the PN layer, demonstrating superior wear performance. The wear mechanism of 316L is predominantly adhesive wear, while the PN layer mainly undergoes abrasive and oxidative wear. In contrast, the PN + Cr/WC/DLC coating displays nearly imperceptible wear tracks, indicating superior wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 132672"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning regression models for predicting mechanical properties of coatings deposited via HiPIMS in DOMS mode","authors":"Takeru Omiya ,&nbsp;Pooja Sharma ,&nbsp;Albano Cavaleiro ,&nbsp;Fabio Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) in Deep Oscillation Magnetron Sputtering (DOMS) mode is an advanced technique for depositing thin films with tailored mechanical properties. Predicting and optimizing film thickness, hardness, and Young's modulus are crucial for enhancing material performance in demanding applications. This study develops machine learning regression models to simultaneously predict these properties of coatings deposited via HiPIMS in DOMS mode.</div><div>A dataset comprising 66 data points from previous studies was compiled, including deposition condition and target parameters. Support Vector Machines (SVM), Gradient Boosted Trees (GBT), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) were employed to build predictive models. The GPR model demonstrated superior performance, effectively capturing complex, non-linear relationships. Key factors influencing mechanical properties were identified. Deposition pressure significantly affected all properties. For film thickness, deposition pressure, deposition rate, and target density were most influential. In predicting hardness, deposition rate, pressure, and nitrogen content were significant. The target material's Young's modulus had a strong impact on predicting the film's Young's modulus, indicating dependence on the target's intrinsic properties.</div><div>To validate the models, titanium films were deposited under varying peak power conditions. The titanium data, not included in the training set, served as an independent test. The GPR model accurately predicted the mechanical properties of these films, confirming its applicability to new materials.</div><div>This study demonstrates the effectiveness of machine learning models, particularly GPR, in predicting mechanical properties of coatings. The models provide valuable insights into optimizing deposition processes, contributing to the development of advanced coatings with improved performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 132670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-functional superhydrophobic photothermal cotton fabric inspired by mussels with anti-icing/de-icing and oil-water separation functions","authors":"Hanjing Lu ,&nbsp;Langqian Chen ,&nbsp;Xinkang Sha ,&nbsp;Guangxue Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the limitations of conventional fluorinated superhydrophobic cotton fabrics—including restricted functionality and environmental concerns—this study developed a green, multifunctional modification strategy. Inspired by mussel adhesion mechanisms, a polydopamine (PDA) layer was self-assembled onto cotton fibers to create a robust adhesive substrate. This was combined with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to impart low surface energy. The resulting fabric exhibited exceptional superhydrophobicity (contact angle: 163.0 ± 2.5°; roll-off angle: 6.0 ± 1.5°), which prevented contaminant adhesion for sustained photothermal performance (rapid photothermal heating to 93.3 °C under 100 mW·cm⁻² solar irradiation). The coating also demonstrated outstanding passive anti-icing and active de-icing capabilities: it delayed droplet freezing by 321 s (8.67 times longer than uncoated cotton) and reduced de-icing time by 76.3 % on a −20 °C stage. In addition, the modified fabric showed efficient gravity-driven oil-water separation capabilities (flux: 11,024.98 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹; efficiency: 98.22 %). Robust mechanical and chemical durability was confirmed through sandpaper abrasion, tape peeling, and exposure to extreme pH conditions or organic solvents. This environmentally benign, durable, and photothermally active material shows promise for waterproofing, anti-fouling, self-cleaning, anti-icing, and active de-icing capabilities, offering sustainable solutions for textiles used in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 132667"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strongly enhancing discrimination of sample concentrations via analyte-induced hot spots: Leveraging combined signal and signal-to-background ratio in SERS measurement","authors":"Chih-Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Kasimayan Uma ,&nbsp;Jhih-Yan Guo ,&nbsp;Shun-Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been extensively used for the detection of various chemical and biological species. However, accurately quantifying analyte concentrations through SERS remains a challenge. Here, we report a new method that significantly enhancing the accuracy of quantification. We fabricated SERS substrates by thermally depositing Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on glass slides which were treated with plasma in an air‑oxygen mixture. The introduction of an analyte onto a plasma-treated substrate induced the aggregation of AgNPs, resulting in the formation of multiple hot spots referred to as analyte-induced hot spots, which exhibited strong Raman enhancing abilities. The degree of aggregation was conclusively shown to positively correlate with the analyte concentration, leading to heightened sensitivity towards concentration variations in both the signal (S) and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) in SERS measurements. With heightened sensitivity, both S and SBR exhibit the potential to effectively differentiate between analyte solutions with twofold concentration differences, evident from distinct error bar separations. This distinct separation applies to S and SBR across various concentrations, successfully broadening the detection range. The broadened range was successfully demonstrated in the detection of adenine solution, spanning from 2 × 10⁻⁶ and 5 × 10⁻⁴ M. To validate the practical applicability of our method in real sample analysis, we established the broadened detection range for thiram in apple juice to be from 2 × 10⁻⁷ to 5 × 10⁻⁵ M.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 132663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boriding as a post-treatment to homogenize mechanical and tribological properties in weld-repaired AISI D2 tool steel","authors":"C.D. Resendiz-Calderon ,&nbsp;A. Juarez-Rojas ,&nbsp;A.D. Contla-Pacheco ,&nbsp;O. Soriano-Vargas ,&nbsp;I. Campos-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates boriding as a post-treatment to improve the surface and tribological performance of AISI D2 tool steel repaired by GTAW using ER308L filler. Compared to quenching and tempering, boriding increased surface hardness, reaching 34.5 ± 0.4 GPa in the repaired zone and 31.8 ± 3.3 GPa in the base material. XRD confirmed the presence of FeB, Fe₂B, and CrB phases in the boride coating formed on both regions. Severe perpendicular cracks were predominantly observed in the base material. VDI 3198 testing showed lower adhesion in the base material, whereas scratch tests revealed lower critical loads in the repaired zone. Microabrasion tests showed that boriding reduced volume loss and friction coefficient by 28 % and 40 %, respectively, while also eliminating differences between the base and repaired zones. In dry reciprocating sliding tests where both regions were simultaneously evaluated, boriding reduced total wear volume by ∼80 % and decreased the coefficient of friction by 25 %. Wear mechanisms and material loss were also more uniform across the borided surfaces. These results demonstrate that boriding improves surface hardness, adhesion, and wear resistance in weld-repaired tool steels while promoting more uniform mechanical and tribological performance. Optimization of boriding parameters is still needed to reduce crack formation in the coating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 132666"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly conductive and thick a-C:H:N films deposited at elevated temperatures via direct current PACVD","authors":"Manuel C.J. Schachinger ,&nbsp;Francisco A. Delfin ,&nbsp;Bernhard Fickl ,&nbsp;Bernhard C. Bayer ,&nbsp;Andreas Karner ,&nbsp;Johannes Preiner ,&nbsp;Christian Forsich ,&nbsp;Daniel Heim ,&nbsp;Bernd Rübig ,&nbsp;Christian Dipolt ,&nbsp;Thomas Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DLC films exhibit high hardness, low friction coefficient and chemical inertness but generally lack sufficient electrical conductivity. To achieve conductive films with substantial thickness, the combination of direct current plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (DC PACVD) with high coating temperatures has proven to be effective. Nitrogen doping of DLC films, a common method for improving their electrical conduction properties, typically leads to enhanced graphitization and a reduction in hardness and Young's modulus in harder DLC coatings. This study examines how nitrogen doping affects the mechanical and electrical properties of already unusually conductive, soft and thick (&gt; 25 μm) a-C:H films deposited at elevated temperatures using pulsed direct current PACVD. The a-C:H:N films were grown using C₂H₂ at 450 °C and 550 °C with an addition of 0–63 vol.-% N₂ to the gas phase and studied subsequently. Nitrogen modification of the a-C:H was highly effective at enhancing mechanical properties in conjunction with electrical conductivity. Hardness and Young's modulus increased by up to 48 % and 95 %, respectively, compared to the undoped films. Relative load bearing capacity improved by up to a factor of 3.7. Specific electrical resistance decreased by more than two orders of magnitude for films deposited at 450 °C and by a factor of four for deposition at 550 °C, approximating and even surpassing the conductivity of graphite electrodes. Conversely, film thickness and deposition rate decreased significantly due to etching effects compared to the undoped a-C:H.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 132669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Si content on cracking behavior of CrAlSiN coatings","authors":"Kirsten Bobzin,&nbsp;Max Philip Möbius,&nbsp;Jessica Borowy","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) manufactured CrAlSiN nanocomposite coatings, composed of CrAlN grains in a SiN_x matrix, represent a promising solution for improved cutting performance of milling tools. The elastic-plastic properties and deformation behavior of the material composite thereby can be deliberately influenced by varying the silicon content.</div><div>CrAlSiN coatings with silicon contents of <em>x</em>_<em>S</em>i = 10, 16, 22, and 29 at.-% in the metal portion were fabricated on cemented carbide WC-Co substrates. The indentation hardness <em>H</em>_<em>IT</em> and modulus <em>E</em>_<em>IT</em> of the coatings were measured through nanoindentation, using a Berkovich indenter. Additionally, crack resistance was evaluated using high load (HL) nanoindentation tests under forces ranging from <em>F</em>_<em>HL</em> = 750 to 1750 mN, using a conical diamond indenter. The findings reveal that the indentation hardness <em>H</em>_<em>IT</em> remains unchanged at <em>H</em>_<em>IT</em> = (25.5 ± 1.6) GPa, while the indentation modulus increases with higher silicon content. After high load nanoindentation all coatings exhibit no cracks at <em>F</em>_<em>HL</em> = 750 mN. Initial cracks are observed at <em>F</em>_<em>HL</em> = 1000 mN for <em>x</em>_<em>Si</em> = 10 at.-%, whereas they appear at just <em>F</em>_<em>HL</em> = 800 mN for <em>x</em>_<em>Si</em> = 29 at.-%. With a further increase in load to <em>F</em>_<em>HL</em> = 1750 mN, it is evident that the coating with a silicon content of <em>x</em>_<em>Si</em> = 22 at.-% displays the fewest and shortest cracks.</div><div>Coatings with high silicon content therefore demonstrate promising crack resistance at room temperature even though the examination of indentation hardness and modulus does not support this behavior at first sight. This highlights their potential for further investigation, qualifying these coatings for additional studies under high-temperature conditions, aiming to enhance their applicability in machining processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 132668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion-resistant and electrically conductive (TiVCrNbMo)N high-entropy nitride coatings for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates","authors":"Qi Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiang Xu ,&nbsp;Minming Jiang ,&nbsp;Zong-Han Xie ,&nbsp;Paul R. Munroe","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop an electrically conductive, yet corrosion resistant, coating for metallic bipolar plates used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) environments, a series of novel (TiVCrNbMo)N high-entropy nitride (HEN) coatings were deposited in a mixed N₂/Ar atmosphere using a double-cathode glow discharge system. The influence of varying N₂/Ar flow ratios on the electrochemical corrosion behavior and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of the coatings was systematically investigated to inform the development of high-performance protective coatings for metallic bipolar plates. All the HEN coatings exhibited a single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution with equiaxed nanoscale grains. Corrosion resistance in a simulated acidic PEMFC environment was evaluated using a range of electrochemical analytical approaches. The results indicated that the i_corr values and the current density at a potential of +0.6 V_SCE for the HEN coatings prepared at N₂:Ar flow ratios of 1:10 and 1:5 coating are of the order of 10⁻⁸ Acm⁻² and 10⁻⁷ A cm⁻², respectively, both of which are three orders of magnitude less than that for the uncoated CP-Ti. Regardless of whether measurements were taken before or after potentiostatic polarization, the ICR values of the as-deposited HEN coatings decreased with increasing N₂/Ar flow ratio under a compaction force of 140 N cm⁻². In particular, for the HEN coating prepared at a N₂:Ar flow ratio of 1:5, the ICR values are 16.2 and 20.4 mΩ·cm² before and after potentiostatic testing, respectively, which approach the US DOE 2025 target for surface resistance of metallic BPs. Furthermore, first-principles calculations were used to assess the impact of surface passive films on the coatings'electrical conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 132664"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of sp3 fraction and surface morphology on the wear mechanisms of ta-C coatings under current-carrying sliding","authors":"Amir M.K. Behtash ,&nbsp;Woo-Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Ji-Woong Jang ,&nbsp;Jongkuk Kim ,&nbsp;Ahmet T. Alpas","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how bonding structure and surface quality govern the tribological behaviour of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings under applied electrical currents, addressing their suitability for current-carrying sliding applications. Two ta-C coatings—designated as soft and hard— were deposited on high-speed steel (HSS) substrates via filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) and tested against SAE 52100 steel under currents from 100 to 1500 mA. The soft coating, deposited at 150 °C without substrate bias, had a hardness of 51 GPa, while the hard coating, grown at room temperature with a −100 V pulsed bias, reached 69 GPa. Both coatings improved the wear resistance of the substrate. Compared to pulsed vacuum arc (PVA) ta-C, the FCVA coatings—being smoother, harder, and less defective—were less prone to arc-induced damage. The soft ta-C consistently exhibited low coefficient of friction (COF) about 0.2 (rising to about 0.3 at 1500 mA) and minimal wear, while the hard ta-C degraded above 500 mA due to iron oxide-filled pores and localized arcing. With its lower pore and defect density, the soft coating resisted oxidation and showed limited current-induced damage, while Raman spectra confirmed the formation of few-layer graphene on its wear track, facilitated by its moderate sp³ content and aromatic sp² structures. These results indicate that bonding structure and the ability to undergo structural transformation play key roles in governing tribological behaviour under electrical current. Coatings with smooth, low-defect surfaces and moderate sp³ content demonstrated stable performance and low wear, supporting their suitability for current-carrying sliding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 132665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cathodic arc-deposited AlTiN hard coating tribology at elevated temperatures","authors":"Aljaž Drnovšek ,&nbsp;Patrik Šumandl ,&nbsp;Žan Gostenčnik ,&nbsp;Janez Kovač ,&nbsp;Miha Čekada","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) is the most commonly used physical vapor deposition (PVD) method to deposit protective coatings on cutting and forming tools. However, this deposition method results in a relatively rough surface due to micro-droplet emission. The first contact between the coating and the workpiece surface is at the sites of these growth defects, influencing the state of the contact, such as particle formation and oxidation spots. Growth defects significantly impact the coating's wear and friction properties. Their impact is not limited to the beginning of the contact formation but also expands in the long run, and they can deteriorate the coatings much sooner than expected. This research aims to monitor the wear and friction properties of the cathodic arc deposited AlTiN hard coating during the running-in and steady-state periods under different temperature conditions. Tribological tests against the Al₂O₃ counterbody were carried out at different temperatures, from room temperature up to 700 °C. The sliding distance at specific temperatures, ranging from 50 to 140,000 cycles, enabled us to monitor the wear progression from first contact formation at the growth defects to the complete coating wear from the WC-Co substrate.</div><div>After tribological tests, the samples were analyzed using detailed 3D profilometry, SEM, and FIB analysis to determine the wear mechanisms in different stages of high-temperature wear. Attention was focused on the growth defects, their impact on the running-in behavior, and the oxygen diffusion pathways along growth defects that ultimately lead to the delamination of the coating from the substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 132662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}