Boriding as a post-treatment to homogenize mechanical and tribological properties in weld-repaired AISI D2 tool steel

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132666

C.D. Resendiz-Calderon , A. Juarez-Rojas , A.D. Contla-Pacheco , O. Soriano-Vargas , I. Campos-Silva

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Abstract

This study evaluates boriding as a post-treatment to improve the surface and tribological performance of AISI D2 tool steel repaired by GTAW using ER308L filler. Compared to quenching and tempering, boriding increased surface hardness, reaching 34.5 ± 0.4 GPa in the repaired zone and 31.8 ± 3.3 GPa in the base material. XRD confirmed the presence of FeB, Fe₂B, and CrB phases in the boride coating formed on both regions. Severe perpendicular cracks were predominantly observed in the base material. VDI 3198 testing showed lower adhesion in the base material, whereas scratch tests revealed lower critical loads in the repaired zone. Microabrasion tests showed that boriding reduced volume loss and friction coefficient by 28 % and 40 %, respectively, while also eliminating differences between the base and repaired zones. In dry reciprocating sliding tests where both regions were simultaneously evaluated, boriding reduced total wear volume by ∼80 % and decreased the coefficient of friction by 25 %. Wear mechanisms and material loss were also more uniform across the borided surfaces. These results demonstrate that boriding improves surface hardness, adhesion, and wear resistance in weld-repaired tool steels while promoting more uniform mechanical and tribological performance. Optimization of boriding parameters is still needed to reduce crack formation in the coating.

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对焊接修复的AISI D2工具钢进行渗硼后处理，使其力学和摩擦学性能均匀化

采用ER308L填料对aisid2工具钢进行GTAW修复后进行渗硼处理，以改善其表面和摩擦学性能。与淬火和回火相比，渗硼提高了表面硬度，修复区达到34.5±0.4 GPa，母材达到31.8±3.3 GPa。XRD证实了在这两个区域形成的硼化物涂层中存在FeB、Fe₂B和CrB相。在基材中主要观察到严重的垂直裂纹。VDI 3198测试显示基材的附着力较低，而划痕测试显示修复区域的临界载荷较低。微磨损试验表明，渗硼可将体积损失和摩擦系数分别降低28%和40%，同时也消除了基层和修复区之间的差异。在同时评估两个区域的干往复滑动试验中，渗硼使总磨损量减少了~ 80%，摩擦系数降低了25%。磨损机制和材料损失也更均匀地跨越了边界表面。这些结果表明，渗硼可以提高焊接修复工具钢的表面硬度、附着力和耐磨性，同时促进更均匀的机械和摩擦学性能。为了减少涂层裂纹的形成，还需要优化渗硼参数。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.