Zhipeng Xie , Lu Wang , Yuhui Cheng , Qian Guo , Haibo Zhou , Congshu Huang , Jingjing Wang , Weifeng Bu
{"title":"Dual-target stabilization and antifouling via S-scheme Cu2O@TiO2 heterojunction for robust marine coating under illumination","authors":"Zhipeng Xie , Lu Wang , Yuhui Cheng , Qian Guo , Haibo Zhou , Congshu Huang , Jingjing Wang , Weifeng Bu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the performance of antifouling coating under illumination-involved harsh environments is of prime scientific and engineering importance. However, it still remains a big challenge due to the strong photo-corrosion character of cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) that works as the most widely-used primary antifoulant. To address this issue, a novel heterojunction of Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TiO<sub>2</sub> was constructed by <em>in situ</em> adsorption-hydrolysis approach. The as-designed heterojunction structure endows superior photo-stability with Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TiO<sub>2</sub>, which has been proven to proceed <em>via</em> S-scheme mechanism by a set of complementary characterizations including <em>in situ</em> XPS and EPR. As anticipated, the resulted Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TiO<sub>2</sub> coating manifests excellent stability and antifouling performance under illumination-involved mimetic service conditions such as dry-dock and waterline environments, as substantiated by the bioassays and marine field trials. A dual-target photo-synergized enhancing mechanism for the S-scheme Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TiO<sub>2</sub> could be deduced as to: (i) inhibit the accumulation of holes on Cu<sub>2</sub>O to exert a stabilization effect; (ii) boost the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, including HO<img>/O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup><img>) to enhance the antifouling property. The methodology provides a proof-of-concept design to fabricate high photo-stable Cu<sub>2</sub>O-based antifoulant materials, with the gain in understanding the intrinsic failure principle of coatings and the biocidal mechanism of cuprous oxide toward marine application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"511 ","pages":"Article 132254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jieyan Yuan , Hanying Hu , Hao Zhang , Chuncheng Wei , Shuang Li , Xiangrong Lu
{"title":"Multicomponent high-entropy rare earth hexaaluminate thermal barrier coating with prolonged thermal cycling performance","authors":"Jieyan Yuan , Hanying Hu , Hao Zhang , Chuncheng Wei , Shuang Li , Xiangrong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing inlet temperature of gas turbine engines, the development of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) present significant challenges. In present work, a novel high-entropy (La<sub>0.2</sub>Nd<sub>0.2</sub>Sm<sub>0.2</sub>Eu<sub>0.2</sub>Gd<sub>0.2</sub>)MgAl<sub>11</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (HE-RMA) coating was developed by air plasma spraying for its excellent comprehensive performance. Compared to LaMgAl<sub>11</sub>O<sub>19</sub> coating under identical spraying conditions, it is observed that HE-RMA coating exhibits a denser structure and a greater proportion of amorphous phase, which is attributable to its higher melting degree. The evolutionary trend of microstructure as well as thermal and mechanical properties of plasma-sprayed HE-RMA coating after thermal aging were investigated. It reveals that thermal-aged HE-RMA coating exhibits lower thermal conductivity, greater structural integrity and better mechanical properties than single-component LaMgAl<sub>11</sub>O<sub>19</sub> coating. In thermal cyclic fatigue test, HE-RMA coating undertakes a longer thermal cycling lifetime than its single-component counterpart. These preliminary results suggest that high-entropy design could tailor MgO-doped rare-earth hexaluminates with superior multi-functional properties and enable significant improvement in cycling performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"511 ","pages":"Article 132255"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Hernandez-Rodriguez , G. Guzman , R. Ortiz , E. Zuza , V. Bellido-Gonzalez , I. Quintana , E. G-Berasategui
{"title":"OES-based control methodology for process optimization of WOx electrochromic coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering","authors":"O. Hernandez-Rodriguez , G. Guzman , R. Ortiz , E. Zuza , V. Bellido-Gonzalez , I. Quintana , E. G-Berasategui","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a pioneering study on the correlation between sputtering process parameters, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) process monitoring, and electrochromic properties of WO<sub>x</sub> thin films. The study established a procedure to determine the optimal process configuration to deposit high-performance electrochromic coatings through the monitoring of W emission spectral line. The microstructure, electrochromic properties of WO<sub>x</sub> coatings were evaluated for different sputtering process parameters, varying the applied power and process pressure. The low-pressure and power scenario was found optimum to maximize the performance of the deposited WO<sub>x</sub> coatings. This process configuration resulted in the deposition of rough WO<sub>x</sub> thin films, avoiding crack formation on the coating surface, which strongly affects their electrochromic behavior. In these conditions, WO<sub>x</sub> coatings with an optical modulation of up to 73 % and a colouring efficiency of 34 cm<sup>2</sup>/C were deposited. Real-time OES monitoring improves the control and understanding of the sputtering process, turning out an essential tool for the future digitization of coatings developed by reactive magnetron sputtering. Thus, this methodology provides valuable guidance to improve efficiency by addressing quality control, process optimization and deviation detection in the production of electrochromic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"511 ","pages":"Article 132239"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiyu Zhang , Zhiquan Huang , Ann Zammit , Joseph Buhagiar , Glenn Cassar , Zezhou Li , Xiao Tao , Wubian Tian , Jian Chen
{"title":"Selective laser melted 316L stainless steels duplex-treated by shot peening and TiAlCuN coating: Elucidating the enhanced cavitation erosion resistance","authors":"Xiyu Zhang , Zhiquan Huang , Ann Zammit , Joseph Buhagiar , Glenn Cassar , Zezhou Li , Xiao Tao , Wubian Tian , Jian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the cavitation erosion resistance of additive-manufactured stainless steels, the effects of TiAlCuN hard coating on selective laser melted (SLM) 316L are investigated in this work. The comparative study on as-wrought 316L and SLM 316L also indicates that the surface depressions on additive-manufactured samples can benefit the cavitation erosion resistance due to the inhibited secondary cavitation and accelerated energy dissipation. However, compared to the coated as-wrought 316L, the TiAlCuN coating plays a much less favorable effect on SLM 316L as the surface defects greatly lower the coating quality. Comparing a series of shot peening, TiAlCuN coating and duplex treatment, the duplex-treated SLM 316L shows the best cavitation erosion resistance, characterized by only partial interface delamination and mitigated coating fracture. Such noteworthy promotion profits from the improved coating quality, enhanced load-bearing capacity from the shot-peened subsurface layer, surface hardening and anti-corrosion from the upper TiAlCuN coating. This work provides an effective surface engineering solution for enhancing the cavitation erosion resistance of additive-manufactured metallic parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"511 ","pages":"Article 132253"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Francesca Bonilauri , Matteo Perini , Sasan Amirabdollahian , Laura Paglia , Giovanni Pulci , Francesco Marra , Edoardo M. Rossi , Luca Lusvarghi , Giovanni Bolelli
{"title":"Deposition of high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) coatings on laser-powder bed fused (L-PBF) parts subjected to in-situ laser remelting treatments","authors":"Maria Francesca Bonilauri , Matteo Perini , Sasan Amirabdollahian , Laura Paglia , Giovanni Pulci , Francesco Marra , Edoardo M. Rossi , Luca Lusvarghi , Giovanni Bolelli","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we focused on enhancing the adhesion between High Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) sprayed coatings and Laser-Powder Bed Fused (L-PBF) substrates by modifying the substrate surface through in-situ laser remelting treatments. Additionally, we investigated whether deposition on laser-treated substrates affected the coating microstructure and performance. Therefore, WC-10%Co-4%Cr coatings were deposited on AISI 316 L stainless steel substrates in as-built conditions and after two different in-situ laser remelting treatments. All substrates were coated both before and after a pickling treatment. Grit-blasted bulk stainless steel samples served as references.</div><div>Laser remelting changed the morphology of the L-PBF surfaces depending on the laser parameters used. The most energetic treatment resulted in more widely spaced grooves and melted the unmelted spherical particles attached to the as-built surface, leading to a more uniform material distribution. These changes influenced the adhesion-cohesion of the coatings. Although all tensile test failures were primarily cohesive, the coatings deposited on the substrates subjected to the most energetic treatment exhibited an increased adhesion-cohesion strength, exceeding 80 MPa, while all other samples showed values around 70 MPa.</div><div>When the substrate was subjected to remelting treatments, however, the corrosion resistance of the coated systems decreased due to faster substrate corrosion in areas exposed to corrosive agents penetrating through coating defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"510 ","pages":"Article 132250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenpeng Wan, Zhe Zhan, Chunjie Huang, Jingwen Yang, Wenya Li
{"title":"Microstructural evolution and deposition mechanism of cold-sprayed Cr coatings on the Al and Ti substrates","authors":"Wenpeng Wan, Zhe Zhan, Chunjie Huang, Jingwen Yang, Wenya Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microstructural evolution and nanoindentation analyses were employed to investigate the deposition behavior of Cr particles on the Al and Ti substrates during cold spraying. The results indicate that substrate nanohardness plays an important role in determining both the thickness of the Cr coating and the bonding mechanism between the Cr particles and the substrates. In the initial coating layer, the rigid Cr particles are mechanically embedded into the softer Al substrate with minimal deformation, resulting in a dense and continuous coating composed of a few deformed particles. In contrast, deposition on the harder Ti substrate induces coordinated plastic deformation between the Cr particles and the substrate with mechanical interlocking; however, the resulting coating is discontinuous, exhibiting a thickness equivalent to a single deposited particle. The primary limitation in further increasing coating thickness arises during the stage of interaction between subsequent particles and the pre-deposited coating. Here, the uneven surface of the deposited layer reduces the effective impact velocity of incoming particles and, coupled with continuous work hardening, prevents synergistic plastic deformation with subsequent particles. Based on the observations of microstructural evolution and nanohardness distribution, the hypothesis regarding the formation mechanism of Cr coatings on the Al and Ti substrates is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"510 ","pages":"Article 132251"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of laser shock peening on the properties of Cr coatings on Zr alloy surfaces","authors":"Chuangming Ning , Guocan Tang , Shijia Yu , Huazhuang Wu , Junbo Zhou , Bing Zeng , Yuchun Wu , Zhenbing Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coating prepared by physical vapor deposition technology will inevitably have some defects, such as pinholes, pores and so on. In this study, a low-energy laser shock peening (LE-LSP) technique was employed to post-treat Cr coatings with varying laser energies, both in absence and presence of an absorbing layer. The surface morphology, cross-sectional microstructure, crystal structure, and corrosion resistance of the Cr coatings were investigated before and after LE-LSP. The results show that the presence of the absorbing layer can avoid the ablation of the Cr coating surface and the generation of a large number of cracks. Compared with the untreated Cr coating, the number of droplet particles on the surface was reduced. The surface hardness increases with the increase of laser energy. The thickness of the coating decreases as the laser energy increases. After LE-LSP treatment, the crystal structure of the coating was significantly deformed, and the strength direction of the texture was also changed. The zirconium alloy substrate was also affected by LE-LSP. In the absence of an absorbing layer, the corrosion current density (<em>i</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub>) increases and the polarization resistance (<em>R</em><sub><em>p</em></sub>) decreases due to the formation of cracks on the surface and section of the coating after LE-LSP treatment. When an absorbing layer is present, the Cr coating becomes denser, the <em>i</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub> decreases and the <em>R</em><sub><em>p</em></sub> increases after LE-LSP treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"511 ","pages":"Article 132252"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esteban Broitman , Sandra E. Rodil , Juan A. Zapien , Gregory Abadias
{"title":"ICMCTF 2024 – 50th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films","authors":"Esteban Broitman , Sandra E. Rodil , Juan A. Zapien , Gregory Abadias","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"508 ","pages":"Article 132226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengjiao Jin , Peng Zhang , Weiyi Zhang , Xiaoqian Sun , Dan Liu , Yunhui Du
{"title":"Introducing additive to KF-KOH electrolyte system for modification of PEO-coated in Mg alloy based on thickness-uniformity simulation","authors":"Mengjiao Jin , Peng Zhang , Weiyi Zhang , Xiaoqian Sun , Dan Liu , Yunhui Du","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As regards PEO-coated in Mg Alloy, the optimal process parameters and concentrations of KF and KOH are obtained about coating thickness-uniformity in KF-KOH electrolyte system by COMSOL. Next, the optimal concentrations of additive Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> and NaAlO<sub>2</sub> are separately simulated and the model accuracy is verified by experiments. The results show that this model is accurate and effective with errors <10 % and thickness-uniformities <12 %. Three optimal electrolytic systems are determined respectively as KF<sub>-30g/L</sub>-KOH<sub>-15g/L</sub>, Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3-40g/L</sub>-KF<sub>-30g/L</sub>-KOH<sub>-15g/L</sub> and NaAlO<sub>2-15g/L</sub> -KF<sub>-30g/L</sub>-KOH<sub>-15g/L</sub>, and then three PEO coatings are prepared accordingly. By FIB and HRTEM, the phases in coating/matrix interface are all clearly exhibited to be bonded together as coherent and semi-coherent, giving rise to good corrosion resistances in coating. Introducing Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> or NaAlO<sub>2</sub> to KF-KOH electrolyte, the thickness and the morphology in coating are both improved, which are the thickness increased by 73.9 % or 66.5 %, the surface porosity and the pore diameter reduced respectively by 56.8 % or 58.1 % and 57.1 % or 66.7 %. Thereinto, adding Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> the increase of corrosion resistance is the most significant (I<sub>corr</sub> decreased by 99.8 %, R<sub>p</sub> increased by 119.9 %), and adding NaAlO<sub>2</sub> the promotion of wear resistance is the most outstanding (surface hardness increased by 123.6 % and wear rate decreased by 97.6 %). In this study, the optimal parameters can be effectively obtained by simulation in PEO, and the modification of coating can be achieved in a target way by introducing additive with characteristic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"511 ","pages":"Article 132234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}