Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献

{"title":"Microstructure and tribological performance of WC-Co cermet strengthened nickel alloy composite coatings manufactured by extreme high-speed laser cladding (EHLA)","authors":"Bruno F.A. Bezerra ,&nbsp;Samuel Pinches ,&nbsp;Hannah J. King ,&nbsp;Shareen S.L. Chan ,&nbsp;Ashok Meghwal ,&nbsp;Sukhpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Colin Hall ,&nbsp;Christopher C. Berndt ,&nbsp;Andrew S.M. Ang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite coatings composed of blended nickel alloy (IN625) and WC-Co cermet were applied via the extreme high-speed laser cladding (EHLA) process to investigate its feasibility as a coating replacement for hard chrome plating. A range of laser powers was investigated. These cermet coatings were benchmarked against an IN625-only coating, in the analysis of their macrostructure, microstructure, phase composition, Vickers microhardness and sliding wear resistance by the pin-on-disc test. The EHLA process resulted in crack-free coatings, with a good metallurgical bonding to the substrate and homogenous distribution of cermet particles within the coatings. The microhardness of the EHLA composite coatings increased by 81–102 % as compared to the IN625 EHLA coating. The wear rates of the composite coatings were only 0.5–1.4 % that of the IN625 coating, and only 1–4 % that of hard chrome coating. A decrease in laser power demonstrated an increase in the carbide-occupied cross-sectional area from 11.2 % to 17.2 %, which corresponded to a 64 % enhancement in wear resistance. This study highlights the critical balance required between laser power, carbide area fraction and microstructural characteristics, on the performance of EHLA-deposited composite coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132390"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructures and interface analysis of Y doped Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte coatings by colloidal coating process for the application of all solid-state lithium ion batteries","authors":"Yen-Yu Chen,&nbsp;Guang-Yi Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of all solid-state lithium ion battery (ASSLIB) compared with that of the current liquid electrolyte lithium ion batteries are more safety and with higher power densities. One of the key components of ASSLIB is the solid electrolyte. The study is attempt to investigate the microstructures of Y doped Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (Y-LLZO) solid electrolyte coatings and the interfaces between the solid electrolyte and LiCoO₂ (LCO) electrode of ASSLIB. The preparation of the Y-LLZO coatings are by a colloidal coating process via the spin coating method. And the Y-LLZO powders are synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The as-prepared Y-LLZO powders after calcined at 900 °C for 12 h show the crystalline phase of cubic garnet. The dense Y-LLZO coating layers with the thickness around several microns deposited on the LCO substrate can be obtained after sintered at 1100 °C for 12 h. The EDS element mapping results show that three types of regions can be classified from the microstructures, including the (Co,O)-rich, (Co, La, O)-rich, and (La, Y, Zr, O)-rich regions near the interface of the Y-LLZO coatings and the LCO substrate. The (Co,O)-rich should be from the initial LCO grains, and the (La, Y, Zr, O)-rich regions should be from the initial Y-LLZO grains. And the (Co, La, O)-rich regions is possible due to the inter-diffusion of La and Co elements from Y-LLZO and LCO, respectively. The formation of the (Co, La, O)-rich regions is most possibly LaCoO₃ grains. Due to the over-diffusion and the formation of secondary phase between Y-LLZO solid-electrolyte coating layer and LCO cathode electrode substrate after sintered at 1100 °C for 12 h. It is suggested that the process temperature for the LLZO-based electrolyte should be &lt;1100 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132397"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and thermal cycling behavior of Mo(Si, Al)2 dispersed GYYSZ multilayer composite coatings on molybdenum substrate under extreme environmental conditions","authors":"Zhenning Sun,&nbsp;Quansheng Wang,&nbsp;Xianjin Ning,&nbsp;Jiabin Fan,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the design of a multilayer composite coating comprising a Mo(Si, Al)₂ dispersed GYYSZ composite coating, a transition coating, and a Mo(Si, Al)₂ antioxidant coating. The multilayer composite coating containing 10 vol% Mo(Si, Al)₂ dispersed GYYSZ is designated as “GM”. In contrast, the multilayer coating containing pure GYYSZ serves as the control group and is designated as “GZ”. The coatings were prepared on the Mo substrate by the large plasma spraying. The coatings' performance was assessed through burner rig tests under high temperatures and significant temperature gradients, with each thermal cycle lasting 25 s. The coating surface temperature reached 2700 K in the tests. The test life of the GZ coating is only 1 cycle. Due to the connection of transverse cracks and vertical cracks, the Top coat of GZ exhibits clear delamination from the Transition coat, compromising the coating's protective function. In contrast, the test life of the GM coating is &gt;5 cycles. The GM coating after tests maintains a strong bond between the two layers, showing no significant delamination. Subsequently, a long-term test of 360 s was conducted on the GM coating. After the test, cracks appeared on the coating surface, but no delamination was observed. The Top coat of GM develops three distinct layers post-tests: a porous layer, a sintered layer, and a nonsintered layer. The porous layer results from the volatilization of gaseous products and high-temperature flame erosion. The coating of the sintered layer is densified by sintering. The formation of glassy SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ from Mo(Si, Al)₂ oxidation, along with ZrSiO₄ from the reaction of SiO₂ with ZrO₂, effectively fills and seals the pores within the sintered layer. This enhances the coating's longevity and inhibits oxygen diffusion. The dense sintered layer, coupled with the cooling effect of high-pressure water, effectively prevents oxidation of the nonsintered layer and the underlying coating. Following the long-term test, transverse cracks developed within the sintered layer of the GM coating due to the persistent oxidation of the Mo(Si, Al)₂ phase, which was detrimental to the service life of the GM coating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the synergistic modification of aluminum alloy surface properties by robotic arm-assisted laser texturing and scanning micro-arc oxidation","authors":"Hailin Lu ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Shubo Li ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Dai ,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Zhi","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum and aluminum alloys are widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, electronic equipment, and other fields due to their lightweight and excellent performance. Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology improves the properties of aluminum by creating a hard ceramic film on its surface. However, traditional MAO is inconvenient for handling large workpieces, which has promoted the development of scanning micro-arc oxidation (SMAO). This paper combines laser texture pretreatment with SMAO technology to prepare a composite coating. The results show that this technology can significantly improve coating performance. This paper prepares high wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings by optimizing SMAO process parameters and selecting laser pretreatment methods, which provides a new method for the application of aluminum alloys in high-demand fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132377"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired photothermal superhydrophobic surface with good anti-/de-icing property and durability based on laser texturing","authors":"Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Luo ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Jinghan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photothermal superhydrophobic surface has attracted wide attention in the field of anti‐/de-icing due to its energy-saving and environmental protection characteristics. However, its preparation often uses photothermal materials, which means higher costs or cumbersome synthesis steps. In this study, inspired by the structural characteristic and photothermal property of the compound eye of <em>Spodoptera litura</em>, a novel photothermal superhydrophobic surface was prepared by using 1060 aluminum material for high voltage lines as the research object, only through laser texturing and chemical modification with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The surface has a bottomless (&gt;100 μm) hexagonal pit array structure at the micron level, and the surface is covered with a layer of nanoscale particles, promoting multiple reflections of light inside the micro-nano composite structure, effectively improving the photothermal performance of the surface. Meanwhile, the rough structure and low surface energy give the surface a strong superhydrophobic property, which can significantly delay the freezing time of droplets compared with the polished surface. The synergistic effect of the two properties can make the surface's ice blocks melt and slide rapidly. Moreover, after a certain degree of durability test, the surface can still maintain excellent photothermal and superhydrophobic performance. It can be expected that the surface has a wide scope of development in practical applications due to rapid and straightforward preparation, superior anti‐/de-icing property, commendable durability, and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the synergy of MXene supported ZIF-8 hybrid catalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Zarina Azmi ,&nbsp;Deepak Deepak ,&nbsp;Aruna Kadadevar ,&nbsp;Avijit Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Manjula G. Nair ,&nbsp;Susanta Sinha Roy ,&nbsp;Arpita Das ,&nbsp;Saumya R. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical process in sustainable energy technologies, but its sluggish kinetics necessitate efficient, non-precious metal catalysts. ZIF-8 has recently gained attention as a model electrocatalyst due to its porous structure, functional channels, and high Brunauer-Emett-Teller (BET) surface area. However, its poor conductivity and aggregation hinder its OER performance. MXene, a family of multifunctional 2D material with rich surface chemistry, shows great promise as a catalyst support material. This study presents the synthesis of ZIF-8 and MXene composites (MXene@ZIF-8) with varying ZIF-8 concentrations while maintaining a constant MXene mass to evaluate the supportive function of MXene in improving the OER performance of the composite. The optimized MXene@ZIF-8 (1:5) catalyst achieved superior performance, with a reduced overpotential (330 mV) and Tafel slope (149.79 mV/dec) compared to ZIF-8 (579 mV, 351.38 mV/dec) and MXene (613 mV, 400.02 mV/dec). It also exhibited exceptional durability, maintaining stability at 10 mA/cm² for 50 h in alkaline condition. The enhanced performance stems from its increased BET and electrochemically active surface areas. The incorporation of MXene introduces mesopores, increases pore volume, enhances hydrophilicity, and reduces charge transfer resistance, collectively facilitating efficient electrolyte diffusion and reactant accessibility. This study underscores MXene's potential as an efficient and cost-effective support material for advancing OER catalysts, facilitating the development of advanced sustainable energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132401"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergetic effect of bias voltage on tribological properties and corrosion behavior of CoCrNiTi medium entropy alloy films deposited by magnetron sputtering","authors":"Wei Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianhang Ju ,&nbsp;Zonglin Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Enhao Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CoCrNiTi medium-entropy alloy films (MEAFs) were deposited by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering under different bias voltages (0 V ~ −150 V). The effects of bias voltages on the microstructure, surface morphology, mechanical properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the film were studied. The results indicate that the CoCrNiTi MEAFs consist of both FCC and amorphous structures. The crystallinity of the film is positively correlated with the bias voltage, while the roughness is negatively correlated. This can be attributed to the bias voltage enhancing both the bombardment and diffusion capabilities of the particles. Due to the grain boundary strengthening caused by the increase of crystallinity, the film exhibits high hardness (11.30 GPa) and toughness at the bias voltage of −150 V. The combination of the highest hardness, toughness, and wear resistance ensures that the film achieves optimal wear resistance with the lowest wear rate (2.55 × 10⁻⁴ mm³N⁻¹ m⁻¹) at a bias voltage of −150 V. As the bias voltage increases from 0 V to −150 V, the corrosion potential rises from −0.905 V to −0.542 V, and the corrosion current density decreases from 3.8 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm² to 0.6 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigations of scuffing of chromium nitride and diamond-like carbon protective coatings and AISI 52100 steel","authors":"Kelly Jacques ,&nbsp;Andrey A. Voevodin ,&nbsp;Samir Aouadi ,&nbsp;Nikhil Murthy ,&nbsp;Stephen Berkebile ,&nbsp;Diana Berman","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard nitride and diamond-like carbon (DLC) protective coatings currently used in fuel-lubricated mechanical assemblies will have to accommodate greater temperature, load, and pressure requirements to prevent scuffing wear enabling future engines to operate efficiently with various lower lubricity fuels. In this study, load progression tribological experiments were conducted to investigate the scuffing resistance of three coatings, a chromium nitride (CrN) coating, DLC coating, and DLC coating with a CrN underlayer in decane and ethanol fuel environments. The results were compared to the baseline material, hardened AISI 52100 steel. Multiple characterization techniques, including progressive load scratch testing, optical microscopy, optical profilometry, nanoindentation, scanning electron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to uncover the mechanisms responsible for their performance. The DLC coating delaminated in both fuel environments, exposing the steel substrate underneath which subsequently scuffed in the decane fuel environment. In contrast, the CrN coating remained adhered in both fuel environments, effectively shielding the steel substrate from scuffing and wear. The multi-layer coating, composed of the DLC coating with the CrN underlayer, maintained protection of the steel substrate in both fuel environments while also reducing the friction and wear of the sliding surfaces. In the ethanol environment, however, the DLC layer was worn away, leaving the CrN underlayer to protect the steel substrate. These results indicate that CrN is a promising candidate for protecting fuel-lubricated components. Moreover, incorporating a CrN underlayer with DLC coatings significantly enhances their friction and wear-reducing characteristics, making them suitable for applications involving ethanol-based fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of modulation period on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al/Al2O3 nano-multilayers films","authors":"Jianyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Haoxin Cao ,&nbsp;Miaoling Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaoben Qi ,&nbsp;Hailong Shang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Xu ,&nbsp;Jinyi Fan ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Bingyang Ma ,&nbsp;Hongbo Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of Al/Al₂O₃ nano-multilayers with different modulation periods are prepared using magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure and mechanical property of multilayer films with different modulation periods are studied. The deformation mechanism is revealed. The results show that the Al layer in the multilayer film exhibited columnar crystal growth with a diameter of about 50 nm, while the Al₂O₃ layer had a distinct amorphous structure. As the modulation period is above 20 nm, the hardness of the multilayer film increases with the decrease of the modulation period, which conforms to the Hall-Petch relationship. When the modulation period is further reduced to 10 nm, the hardness shows a reverse Hall-Petch phenomenon of decrease. The toughness of multilayer films increases with the decrease of modulation period. As the modulation period decreases, the deformation behavior of the multilayer film changes from cracking of the Al₂O₃ layer combined with deformation of the Al layer to synergistic plastic deformation of the Al₂O₃ layer and Al layer. This transformation is the result of the competition between the interface stress affected zone (ISAZ) and the total shear stress <span><math><msub><mi>τ</mi><mi>tol</mi></msub></math></span> applied to the Al₂O₃ layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132391"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for hydrogen production by methane cracking using vacuum plasma","authors":"Alireza Ganjovi,&nbsp;Ruben Bartali,&nbsp;Giorgio Speranza,&nbsp;Rossana Dell'Anna,&nbsp;Gloria Gottardi,&nbsp;Elena Missale,&nbsp;Nadhira Laidani","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane cracking is highly attractive as it can produce hydrogen gas and carbon-based materials without directly generating carbon dioxide. However, most methane reforming processes require high temperatures (over 600 °C) while catalyst materials are integrated. To address this challenge, in this work, the <span><math><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math></span>cracking using a low-pressure RF plasma system is studied to analyze the produced molecular hydrogen and carbon-based products. Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) were used to identify the key species such as hydrogen (<span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>), CH radicals, and <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> hydrocarbons. Additionally, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is used to examine carbon deposits within the RF plasma reactor. Moreover, the OES spectra revealed distinct emission peaks for <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>α</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>β</mi></msub></math></span>, CH radicals, and <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> Swan bands, while quadrupole mass spectroscopy confirmed the production of hydrogen molecules. The results obtained show that the effective methane dissociation occurs alongside solid carbon formation within the plasma deposition system. Besides, using the XPS technique, the deposited carbon was identified as hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C: H), containing both sp² and sp³ hybridized carbon atoms. Furthermore, it was observed that higher RF input power significantly enhances plasma density, electron temperature, and <span><math><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mspace></mspace></math></span>conversion efficiency, with a peak performance at 300 W before reaching a saturation situation. These saturation effects are due to the space charge phenomena and energy distribution towards other processes such as dissociation and ionization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"512 ","pages":"Article 132393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}