Surface & Coatings Technology最新文献

{"title":"Novel bio-compatible coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation of tantalum in NaCl solutions","authors":"Jiale Wu,&nbsp;Tanjun You,&nbsp;Qianna Zhang,&nbsp;Zhi Liu,&nbsp;Zuyong Wang,&nbsp;Yingliang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the first time, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings are fabricated on tantalum in NaCl electrolytes. The morphology of the resulting coatings is strongly dependent on the electrolyte concentration. In 0.01 M NaCl, the coating formed for 600 s is non-uniform, showing a nodular surface with a thick sample edge (∼100 μm) and extremely thin center area. In contrast, coatings are uniform in 0.1 and 1 M NaCl. The coating exhibits a grooved surface morphology and a thickness of ∼42 μm in 0.1 M NaCl. However, the morphology changed into round pores and the thickness is reduced to ∼25 μm in 1 M NaCl. XRD confirms that all coatings consist of crystalline Ta₂O₅. Electrochemical tests indicate that the PEO treatment significantly improves the corrosion resistance of tantalum in simulated body fluid (SBF). The coating formed in 0.1 M NaCl exhibits the lowest corrosion current density (i_CORR) of 6.04 × 10⁻⁹ A cm⁻², which is two-order lower than that of bare tantalum (i_CORR = 1.77 × 10⁻⁷ A cm⁻²). Mott-Schottky analyses indicate that all coatings are n-type semiconductor with donor densities between 5.38 × 10¹⁷ cm⁻³ and 3.64 × 10¹⁷ cm⁻³. All coatings are hydrophilic, showing contact angles between 33.4° ± 6.5° and 64.1° ± 4.8°. The 1 M coating shows the highest bonding strength (&gt; ∼7.81 ± 0.25 MPa). Cell biocompatibility of the coatings was assessed using L929 mouse fibroblasts and the CCK-8 assay. In contrast to the round morphology on bare tantalum, the cells on the oxidized surfaces displayed a spindle-like morphology, demonstrating favorable biointerface characteristics. Meanwhile, the cell relative metabolic activity of all coatings on day 7 was approximately 23–25 times higher than that of the substrate. Finally, comparative study on titanium confirms that the formation of PEO coatings on tantalum in NaCl electrolytes is a unique phenomenon among valve metals. This study provides a new way to prepare biocompatible coatings on tantalum and deeper insights into the PEO coating formation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green hydrogen production by an improved photoelectrochemical process with Ga-doped ZnO photoanodes on stainless steel substrates","authors":"Sumeyya Ayca ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dincer","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes hydrogen production using photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting methods for Ga-doped ZnO electrodes coated on stainless steel. Physical electrochemistry, electrochemical impedance, hydrogen production, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses are performed on uncoated, undoped ZnO-coated, and Ga-doped ZnO-coated electrodes. The parameters of the best-coated electrode obtained by chronoamperometry (CA) analysis are as follows: the electrode is immersed in a dip-coating bath for 4 s, is coated five times, and has a doping ratio of 1%. The Tafel slope obtained from the Tafel graph of the 1% Ga-doped ZnO electrode is 0.15 V/dec, and the change in current density is 1.05 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm². According to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data, the solution resistance (Rs), polarization resistance (Rp), and constant phase element (CPE) of the 1% Ga-doped ZnO electrode are 0.4862 Ω·cm², 0.0785 Ω·cm², and 2.031 × 10⁻³ Ω⁻¹·s·cm⁻², respectively. The slope value obtained from the Mott–Schottky graph is also 3.45 × 10⁻⁴. The hydrogen production rate obtained from CA analysis over a half-hour period is 6 ml/cm². The energy efficiency is 2.3%, the exergy efficiency is 2.36%, and the applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) is 0.75%. This study demonstrates higher hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and overall efficiency than comparable studies in the literature. This study is the first in the literature to illustrate the dip-coating of Ga-doped ZnO electrodes onto stainless steel, the optimization of coating number and duration parameters, and the reporting of direct hydrogen production quantities. Thus, the study fills a gap in the literature in terms of both methodological innovation and performance, offering an applicable and scalable approach for sustainable hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133180"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding of CoCrFeMnNiSi1.6-WC3 composite coatings: Frequency effect","authors":"Tianxiang Lin ,&nbsp;Meiyan Feng ,&nbsp;Guofu Lian ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zeng ,&nbsp;Changrong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the impact of ultrasonic energy on microstructural evolution, mechanical performance, and corrosion behavior in high-entropy alloy composites synthesized via laser cladding, CoCrFeMnNiSi1.6-WC3 coatings were deposited on AISI 1045 steel through an ultrasound-enhanced laser processing method. Results demonstrate that the phase composition of the coatings remains unchanged under varying ultrasonic frequencies, consistently comprising FCC, BCC, silicide, and carbide phases. As the ultrasonic frequency increases, the coating microstructure is significantly refined. At 15 kHz, dendritic structures exhibit the finest morphology and most uniform distribution. Under ultrasonic excitation, WC refractory particles were efficiently fragmented and homogeneously dispersed throughout the matrix, thereby playing a pivotal role in enhancing the coating's overall performance. The microhardness of the coatings initially increases with ultrasonic frequency, reaching a maximum of 876.2 HV0.5 at 15 kHz—302 % higher than that of the substrate and 12 % higher than that of the non-ultrasonically treated W0U0 coating. Similarly, wear resistance first improves and then declines with frequency. At 15 kHz, the friction coefficient and wear rate reach their lowest values—0.543 and 0.02247mm³, respectively—representing reductions of 7.97 % and 14.7 % compared to the W0U0 coating. Increasing ultrasonic frequency markedly mitigates both adhesive and abrasive wear, while simultaneously stabilizing the friction coefficient fluctuations. Corrosion resistance also shows a non-monotonic trend with frequency. At an ultrasonic frequency of 15 kHz, the coating demonstrates the peak corrosion potential (−0.402 V) alongside the minimal corrosion current density (5.516 × 10⁻⁸ A/cm²), signifying the development of a highly stable, dense passive film that affords superior corrosion resistance. These findings offer both experimental evidence and theoretical insight into the optimization of high-entropy alloy composite coatings via ultrasound-assisted laser cladding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-powered triboelectric cathodic protection combined with CTAB inhibitor for synergistic enhancement of metal anticorrosion","authors":"Lanxiang Li ,&nbsp;Siwen Cui ,&nbsp;Jingwen Li ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Dianbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanjie Wang ,&nbsp;Wenying Ai ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Guan ,&nbsp;Tiebing Cui ,&nbsp;Hongfang Wang ,&nbsp;Junpeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal corrosion presents significant economic and safety challenges in industrial applications, highlighting the demand for energy-efficient and sustainable protection strategies. Herein, we developed a synergistic protection system by coupling a sandwich-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) inhibitor, which achieves dual protection through electrochemical polarization and the protective barrier. Two different sandwich-structured TENGs were designed using the same materials, but with distinct layer assembly configurations. The optimal structure was ultimately selected for the effective implementation of cathodic protection. The electric field generated by TENG can enhance the migration and adsorption of CTAB cations, thereby facilitating the formation of compact hydrophobic films that effectively reduce contact with corrosive species. Microscopic images and photographs were utilized to observe the corrosion morphology of the metal surfaces after the immersion experiments. Additionally, the fitted parameters obtained from electrochemical measurements were analyzed to assess the performance of the synergistic anticorrosion system. EDS and XPS were employed to conduct compositional analysis and quantify the adsorption amount of CTAB cations on the metal surface, while the contact angle was used to characterize the surface wettability. These results confirm that even when CTAB is used at a concentration below the effective protection threshold and the TENG-powered cathodic protection provides insufficient power supply, their synergistic integration still enables a noticeable anticorrosion effect. This work establishes a novel anticorrosion method that combines self-powered TENG technology with corrosion inhibitors, thereby addressing the issues of energy consumption and excessive consumption of inhibitor materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133147"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the synergy of nitrogen-containing borate ester organomolybdenum additives combined with ZDDP","authors":"Hongping Qiu ,&nbsp;Wenbin Hu ,&nbsp;Jingzhou Liu ,&nbsp;Longhai Li ,&nbsp;Sifan Jiang ,&nbsp;Keyi Bao ,&nbsp;Sheng Han ,&nbsp;Jincan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, two sulfur- and phosphorus-free nitrogen-containing borate ester-based organomolybdenum compounds (OBN-Mo-OBN and OBN-Mo) were synthesized, and the relationship between their molecular structures and tribological properties was systematically investigated. When combined with ZDDP, both compounds exhibited significant anti-wear and friction-reducing performance. Under high-load and high-speed conditions (294 N, 1450 rpm), the addition of 0.5 wt% OBN-Mo-OBN and 0.5 wt% ZDDP reduced wear volume by 97 % compared to base oil. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, a comprehensive suite of characterization techniques was employed, including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), white light interferometry (WLI), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface analysis confirmed that the pronounced synergistic effect arises from the formation of a protective tribochemical reaction film composed of MoO₃, MoS₂, FeS, Fe₂(SO₄)₃, B₂O₃, and boron–nitrogen (B<img>N) complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ti interlayer thickness on residual stress, adhesion, toughness and corrosion resistance of CrSiN/Ti coatings applied to AZ31 via magnetron sputtering","authors":"Haitao Li ,&nbsp;Ming Gong ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Sun ,&nbsp;Bo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys and expand the application scope of Mg-based materials, CrSiN coatings—composed of amorphous Si₃N₄ matrices embedding nanoscale CrN phases—were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. To mitigate coating failure and enhance interfacial adhesion, a Ti interlayer was first applied before CrSiN deposition. The microstructure, residual stress, adhesion, toughness, and corrosion behavior of the coating/AZ31 system were systematically investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scratch tests, and electrochemical measurements. Results indicate that the Ti interlayer, co-sputtered by DC and RF magnetron sputtering, significantly improves the adhesion strength, toughness, and resistance to chloride-induced corrosion of the CrSiN coating. The maximum adhesion strength reached 23.5 N—16 N higher than that of the Ti-free CrSiN coating. Residual stress was also reduced from 770 MPa without the Ti interlayer to 349 MPa with it. The best corrosion resistance was achieved with a Ti interlayer thickness of approximately 0.37 μm, corresponding to a co-sputtering time of 7 min, yielding a corrosion current density of 0.027 μA/cm² and a polarization resistance of 1670 kΩ·cm². This study further discusses the corrosion and failure mechanisms of CrSiN coatings with varying Ti interlayer thicknesses. It was found that when the Ti layer exceeds 0.37 μm, a distinct columnar crystal structure develops, which considerably degrades the coating's corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133167"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retaining crystallinity of as-deposited thermoelectric Fe2VAl-based thin films grown from DCMS and HiPIMS","authors":"L. Enzlberger ,&nbsp;B. Schmid ,&nbsp;L. Mitterhuber-Gressl ,&nbsp;T. Wojcik ,&nbsp;S. Kolozsvári ,&nbsp;P.H. Mayrhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric materials have gained much attention in recent years due to their ability to directly interconvert electrical and thermal energy via the Seebeck/Peltier effect. Their appeal for application in energy harvesting and solid-state cooling is however currently held back, as current state-of-the-art systems rely on rare and/or hazardous elements. Efforts to replace them with more abundant and environmentally benign alternatives have shown Heusler-alloys to be attractive candidates with thin film Fe₂V_0.8W_0.2Al achieving a massive Figure of Merit, but requiring extensive post-processing to achieve crystallinity.</div><div>Here, we report the direct deposition of this material in a crystalline, fully disordered W-type body-centered cubic (bcc) structure using direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). Structural analyses confirm the formation of crystalline Heusler Phases in the as-deposited state, even at room temperature, eliminating the need for prolonged annealing. Transport measurements reveal low thermal conductivity (2.12 W/m∙K), low resistivity (≈240 μΩ∙cm) and a moderate Seebeck-coefficient (−55 μV/K), resulting in a viable Figure of Merit (ZT ≈ 0.1). These findings demonstrate an energy-efficient route in the fabrication of thermoelectric thin films from earth-abundant, non-toxic elements to be used for sustainable energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133200"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear and corrosion behavior of AISI 420 stainless steel coated with PVD AlCrN","authors":"Eugenia L. Dalibón ,&nbsp;Andrea Abreu-García ,&nbsp;A. Justina Maskavizan ,&nbsp;Javier Izquierdo ,&nbsp;Ricardo M. Souto ,&nbsp;Sonia P. Brühl","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PVD AlCrN coatings are extensively used to improve the steel performance in severe wear and corrosion conditions. In this study, AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel was coated with a commercial AlCrN coating (Alcrona®, Oerlikon Balzers). Prior to deposition, the steel was plasma nitrided for 5 h in a semi-industrial facility. Surface characterization was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation, microhardness, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with focus ion beam milling (SEM-FIB). The long-term corrosion behavior was analyzed using Salt Spray test, open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Single and duplex coating systems were studied and compared with the uncoated systems, plasma nitrided steel and quenched &amp; tempered steel. The coating thickness was approximately 4 μm, while the thickness of the nitrided compound layer was between 12 and 13 μm, with a nitriding penetration depth of 28 μm. The nitriding pretreatment enhanced adhesion of the coating in the duplex system. AlCrN significantly improved wear resistance of the substrates in Pin on disk tests under Hertzian pressures higher than 1 GPa. The coating was hard enough to withstand the sand for both coated systems in abrasive wear tests. It was not worn through in both type of wear tests, so nitriding treatment had no influence in wear resistance. In the salt spray chamber, the nitrided sample experienced homogeneous distribution of pits rather than localized pitting corrosion, whereas the samples with the AlCrN coating showed good protection. The AlCrN-coated samples exhibited barrier properties immediately after immersion; however, electrolyte penetration through pores and defects in the chloride-containing medium compromised their long-term corrosion resistance, especially for previously nitrided substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133182"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulable microstructure and nanomechanical property of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy thin films","authors":"C.F. Yang ,&nbsp;L.B. Lv ,&nbsp;S.Q. Ding ,&nbsp;D.X. Zhang ,&nbsp;J.Z. Jiang ,&nbsp;X.D. Wang ,&nbsp;Q.P. Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.133130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influences of the deposition rate (<em>R</em>_dep) and substrate temperatures (<em>T</em>_sub) on the morphology, phase structure and nanomechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy (EHEA) thin films fabricated by magnetron sputtering (MS) were systematically investigated. The surface morphology featured by a granular structure with the particle size increased from ~28.5 nm for <em>R</em>_dep = 0.12 nm/s to ~66.7 nm for <em>R</em>_dep = 4.53 nm/s. With increasing <em>T</em>_sub from 298 K to 673 K at <em>R</em>_dep = 1.28 nm/s, the particle size rose from ~43.6 nm to ~62.2 nm. The enhanced adatom surface diffusivity dominating the competition with available time effect was introduced to account for this. The phase structure evolved from fcc-dominated to bcc-dominated structure at higher <em>R</em>_dep and <em>T</em>_sub owing to the enhanced adatom diffusivity and the heterogeneous nucleation features of MS. The nanoindentation hardness (<em>H</em>) value increased from ~6.73 GPa to ~9.64 GPa as <em>R</em>_dep varied from 0.12 nm/s to 1.28 nm/s, due to the improved adhesion of nanocolumns and the increased fraction of bcc phase, then reduced to ~7.11 GPa as <em>R</em>_dep further rose to 4.53 nm/s due to the weakening of the Hall-Petch effect dominated in competition with the strengthening effect of bcc phases. Meanwhile, the <em>H</em> value also dramatically decreased from ~9.64 GPa to ~7.13 GPa as <em>T</em>_sub increased from 298 K to 573 K with <em>R</em>_dep = 1.28 nm/s due to the increased grain size, and further increased to ~7.87 GPa with <em>T</em>_sub = 673 K owing to the precipitation strengthening of nano-sized <em>σ</em> phase. The designable dual-phase structure shows remarkable potential in balancing strength and plasticity, making it suitable for fabricating protective gas turbine blade coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated hybrid SALD-PVD platform for scalable electron contact layer engineering in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells","authors":"Volker Sittinger ,&nbsp;Tino Harig ,&nbsp;Tobias Graumann ,&nbsp;Sven Pleger ,&nbsp;Christian Beyen ,&nbsp;Patricia S.C. Schulze ,&nbsp;Jann B. Landgraf ,&nbsp;Johanna Modes ,&nbsp;Martin Hermle ,&nbsp;Juliane Borchert ,&nbsp;Andreas W. Bett","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2026.133150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The industrial realization of high-efficiency perovskite/silicon tandem (PST) solar cells hinges on scalable, low-temperature fabrication of complex electron contact architectures. Here, we report a hybrid spatial atomic layer deposition (SALD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) platform that enables the sequential, vacuum-based deposition of AlO_x/C₆₀/SnO_x electron contact stacks over G12 wafer formats. The system integrates a custom-designed linear evaporator into a high-throughput SALD reactor, allowing precise control of layer thickness and uniformity. Real-time ellipsometry provides in-line monitoring, revealing growth delays of SnO_x on hydrophobic C₆₀. Photoluminescence measurements demonstrate that AlO_x passivation significantly enhances quasi-Fermi level splitting. This work establishes a scalable, inline-compatible process for next-generation tandem photovoltaic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"522 ","pages":"Article 133150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}