Crystal defect-based in-situ carburizing technology to strengthen refractory metals

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Surface & Coatings Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132656

Dongxue Song , Liwen Zhang , Xiaoli Xi , Zuoren Nie

{"title":"Crystal defect-based in-situ carburizing technology to strengthen refractory metals","authors":"Dongxue Song , Liwen Zhang , Xiaoli Xi , Zuoren Nie","doi":"10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132656","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystal defects are significant for the carburizing process of refractory metals. This paper used a one-step molten salt electrolysis method for in situ carburization outside refractory metal W to prepare a mixed crystalline phase as a transition layer and grow WC grains. The transition layer introduces line defects to control grain boundary strengthening, optimizing the connection quality between the carbonized layer and the refractory metal, and enhancing the mechanical properties of the carbonized layer. A few Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> was used as an additive within the molten salt to provide a C source, and the electrochemical behavior of the C atoms inserted within the body-centered cubic structure of tungsten (α-W) was investigated as a means of selecting the optimal potentiostatic or galvanostatic conditions for the carburization reaction to form the WC permeation layer with a hexagonal close packed structure. The variation in the thickness of the carbonized layer and the reaction kinetic characteristics under different electrolytic conditions imposed were analyzed. The reacted carbide phase enhances refractory metals' hardness and corrosion resistance, providing a new environmentally friendly technology for future metal protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22009,"journal":{"name":"Surface & Coatings Technology","volume":"515 ","pages":"Article 132656"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Surface & Coatings Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0257897225009302","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Crystal defects are significant for the carburizing process of refractory metals. This paper used a one-step molten salt electrolysis method for in situ carburization outside refractory metal W to prepare a mixed crystalline phase as a transition layer and grow WC grains. The transition layer introduces line defects to control grain boundary strengthening, optimizing the connection quality between the carbonized layer and the refractory metal, and enhancing the mechanical properties of the carbonized layer. A few Na₂CO₃ was used as an additive within the molten salt to provide a C source, and the electrochemical behavior of the C atoms inserted within the body-centered cubic structure of tungsten (α-W) was investigated as a means of selecting the optimal potentiostatic or galvanostatic conditions for the carburization reaction to form the WC permeation layer with a hexagonal close packed structure. The variation in the thickness of the carbonized layer and the reaction kinetic characteristics under different electrolytic conditions imposed were analyzed. The reacted carbide phase enhances refractory metals' hardness and corrosion resistance, providing a new environmentally friendly technology for future metal protection.

查看原文本刊更多论文

晶体缺陷原位渗碳强化难熔金属技术

晶体缺陷是影响难熔金属渗碳的重要因素。本文采用一步熔盐电解法在难熔金属W外原位渗碳，制备混合晶相作为过渡层，生长WC晶粒。过渡层引入线缺陷控制晶界强化，优化碳化层与难熔金属的连接质量，提高碳化层的力学性能。在熔盐中加入少量Na2CO3作为碳源，研究了C原子插入钨（α-W）体心立方结构内的电化学行为，为渗碳反应选择最佳恒电位或恒电流条件，形成六边形密排结构的WC渗透层。分析了不同电解条件下碳化层厚度的变化规律和反应动力学特性。反应的碳化物相提高了难熔金属的硬度和耐腐蚀性，为未来的金属保护提供了一种新的环保技术。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Surface & Coatings Technology 工程技术-材料科学：膜

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

11.10%

发文量

921

审稿时长

19 days

期刊介绍： Surface and Coatings Technology is an international archival journal publishing scientific papers on significant developments in surface and interface engineering to modify and improve the surface properties of materials for protection in demanding contact conditions or aggressive environments, or for enhanced functional performance. Contributions range from original scientific articles concerned with fundamental and applied aspects of research or direct applications of metallic, inorganic, organic and composite coatings, to invited reviews of current technology in specific areas. Papers submitted to this journal are expected to be in line with the following aspects in processes, and properties/performance: A. Processes: Physical and chemical vapour deposition techniques, thermal and plasma spraying, surface modification by directed energy techniques such as ion, electron and laser beams, thermo-chemical treatment, wet chemical and electrochemical processes such as plating, sol-gel coating, anodization, plasma electrolytic oxidation, etc., but excluding painting. B. Properties/performance: friction performance, wear resistance (e.g., abrasion, erosion, fretting, etc), corrosion and oxidation resistance, thermal protection, diffusion resistance, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and properties relevant to smart materials behaviour and enhanced multifunctional performance for environmental, energy and medical applications, but excluding device aspects.