Space Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Jets Downstream of Collisionless Shocks: Recent Discoveries and Challenges.","authors":"Eva Krämer, Florian Koller, Jonas Suni, Adrian T LaMoury, Adrian Pöppelwerth, Georg Glebe, Tara Mohammed-Amin, Savvas Raptis, Laura Vuorinen, Stefan Weiss, Niki Xirogiannopoulou, Martin Archer, Xóchitl Blanco-Cano, Herbert Gunell, Heli Hietala, Tomas Karlsson, Ferdinand Plaschke, Luis Preisser, Owen Roberts, Cyril Simon Wedlund, Manuela Temmer, Zoltán Vörös","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01129-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-024-01129-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma flows with enhanced dynamic pressure, known as magnetosheath jets, are often found downstream of collisionless shocks. As they propagate through the magnetosheath, they interact with the surrounding plasma, shaping its properties, and potentially becoming geoeffective upon reaching the magnetopause. In recent years (since 2016), new research has produced vital results that have significantly enhanced our understanding on many aspects of jets. In this review, we summarise and discuss these findings. Spacecraft and ground-based observations, as well as global and local simulations, have contributed greatly to our understanding of the causes and effects of magnetosheath jets. First, we discuss recent findings on jet occurrence and formation, including in other planetary environments. New insights into jet properties and evolution are then examined using observations and simulations. Finally, we review the impact of jets upon interaction with the magnetopause and subsequent consequences for the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We conclude with an outlook and assessment on future challenges. This includes an overview on future space missions that may prove crucial in tackling the outstanding open questions on jets in the terrestrial magnetosheath as well as other planetary and shock environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ohm's Law, the Reconnection Rate, and Energy Conversion in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection.","authors":"Yi-Hsin Liu, Michael Hesse, Kevin Genestreti, Rumi Nakamura, James L Burch, Paul A Cassak, Naoki Bessho, Jonathan P Eastwood, Tai Phan, Marc Swisdak, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, Masahiro Hoshino, Cecilia Norgren, Hantao Ji, Takuma K M Nakamura","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01142-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01142-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous plasma process that transforms magnetic energy into particle energy during eruptive events throughout the universe. Reconnection not only converts energy during solar flares and geomagnetic substorms that drive space weather near Earth, but it may also play critical roles in the high energy emissions from the magnetospheres of neutron stars and black holes. In this review article, we focus on collisionless plasmas that are most relevant to reconnection in many space and astrophysical plasmas. Guided by first-principles kinetic simulations and spaceborne in-situ observations, we highlight the most recent progress in understanding this fundamental plasma process. We start by discussing the non-ideal electric field in the generalized Ohm's law that breaks the frozen-in flux condition in ideal magnetohydrodynamics and allows magnetic reconnection to occur. We point out that this same reconnection electric field also plays an important role in sustaining the current and pressure in the current sheet and then discuss the determination of its magnitude (i.e., the reconnection rate), based on force balance and energy conservation. This approach to determining the reconnection rate is applied to kinetic current sheets with a wide variety of magnetic geometries, parameters, and background conditions. We also briefly review the key diagnostics and modeling of energy conversion around the reconnection diffusion region, seeking insights from recently developed theories. Finally, future prospects and open questions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Holistic Approach to the SMILE Mission and SMILE Public Engagement.","authors":"Jennifer Alyson Carter, Steven Sembay, Simona Nitti, Maria-Theresia Walach, Steve Milan, Yasir Soobiah, Kjellmar Oksavik, Colin Forsyth, Matthew G G T Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01175-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-025-01175-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we consider initial steps of how upcoming data from the SMILE Soft X-ray Imager and Ultraviolet Imager may be combined with additional data sources to provide a more holistic view of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group aims to embed SMILE in a multi-scale and holistic view of the Earth's magnetosphere by exploring coordination of ground-based and other spacecraft's data with SMILE. This working group is one of four working groups within the SMILE Science Working Team who are tasked with preparing all aspects of the mission. Adequate preparation is essential to optimise the tools, multiple instrument campaigns and procedures to allow the maximum science return from SMILE in the context of the entire available range of temporal and spatial scales in the terrestrial system. SMILE instruments will not work in isolation from each other, nor from other spacecraft or ground-based experiments. Synergies with other missions and ground-based experimentation will be fundamental for full science exploitation of the data. In this paper, we expand on the previous publications by the Ground-Based and Additional Science working group, by exploring the possibilities of using a two-way approach to deriving scientific results from SMILE, using a small isolated substorm as a case study. We use knowledge of the contemporaneous solar wind conditions during the substorm to simulate SMILE Soft X-ray Imager data. We also use observed ultraviolet auroral emissions and field-aligned current data as measured in the high-latitude polar regions to act as either a proxy for the SMILE Ultraviolet Imager, or an alternative source of information for the open-closed field line boundary. The observational data is used to constrain the minimisation of the two-dimensional X-ray images, leading to an improvement in the derived shape of the flank magnetopause position. We also comment on mission's possibilities to inspire the public through various engagement programmes, and current activities to involve diverse communities in the preparations and science exploitation of SMILE.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 4","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observing Cusp High-Altitude Reconnection and Electrodynamics: The TRACERS Student Rocket.","authors":"Brendan N Powers, Connor A Feltman, Allison N Jaynes, Aidan T Moore, Tamar Ervin, Kristie LLera, Olivia L Jones, Brandon L Burkholder, Jason A Homann, Arissa S Khan, David H Vandercoy-Daniels, Craig A Kletzing, David M Miles, John W Bonnell, Jasper S Halekas, Stephen A Fuselier, George B Hospodarsky, Scott R Bounds","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01192-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01192-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Observing Cusp High-altitude Reconnection and Electrodynamics (OCHRE) is a student/early career researcher (ECR) focused sounding rocket that will fly as a compliment to the TRACERS satellites. OCHRE will utilize the deep institutional knowledge of the TRACERS science team to educate and mentor a team of graduate students and ECRs to serve as instrument leads, project manager, and primary investigator. Aiming for a near conjunction with, and at an apogee above, TRACERS in the northern polar cusp, OCHRE will answer some remaining questions from the TRICE-II sounding rockets using TRACERS to contextualize observations in the larger-scale polar cusp dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 5","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Oxytocin on Glutamate Mediated Neurotoxicity in Neuroblastoma Cell Culture.","authors":"Börte Gürbüz Özgür, Kamil Vural, Mehmet İbrahim Tuğlu","doi":"10.29399/npa.28377","DOIUrl":"10.29399/npa.28377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to investigate the effects of oxytocin on neurite growth, cell viability, cell proliferation and apoptosis to demonstrate its neuroprotective effect on glutamate induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell culture.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The effect of oxytocin on the toxic effects of glutamate in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line with the Neurotoxicity Screening Test (NTT), apoptotic effects by Terminal Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) method and cell viability test by 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. In the NTT test; Neurotoxicity was induced by adding glutamate at a concentration of 32 μM to the cell culture. Oxytocin was added at 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 μM concentrations and its effect on neurite elongation was investigated. It was demonstrated by TUNEL method that application of glutamate caused apoptosis. Afterwards, when glutamate and different doses of oxytocin were given, antiapoptotic effect was evaluated with the apoptotic index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glutamate was found to have a dose-dependent neurotoxic effect and reduced neurite elongation by 50% at a concentration of 32 μM. It was shown that the inhibition of neurite elongation caused by glutamate decreased in a dose-dependent manner by applying oxytocin. Especially oxytocin was found to significantly reduce neurite inhibition and show a neuroprotective effect starting from 10 μM concentrations. The concentration at which glutamate reduces cell proliferation by 50% was determined as 54 μM in MTT. Subsequently, it was observed that the adverse effect of glutamate on cell proliferation significantly decreased with oxytocin administration, depending on the dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was found that different concentrations of glutamate have a significant toxic effect on cell proliferation and viability, glutamate inhibits neurite elongation in a dose-dependent manner; oxytocin reduces neurite inhibition caused by glutamate, has a neuroprotective effect, increases cell viability and has antiapoptotic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"187 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10943934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74735295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presolar Grains as Probes of Supernova Nucleosynthesis.","authors":"Nan Liu, Maria Lugaro, Jan Leitner, Bradley S Meyer, Maria Schönbächler","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01122-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-024-01122-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We provide an overview of the isotopic signatures of presolar supernova grains, specifically focusing on ⁴⁴Ti-containing grains with robustly inferred supernova origins and their implications for nucleosynthesis and mixing mechanisms in supernovae. Recent technique advancements have enabled the differentiation between radiogenic (from ⁴⁴Ti decay) and nonradiogenic ⁴⁴Ca excesses in presolar grains, made possible by enhanced spatial resolution of Ca-Ti isotope analyses with the Cameca NanoSIMS (Nano-scale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer) instrument. Within the context of presolar supernova grain data, we discuss (<i>i</i>) the production of ⁴⁴Ti in supernovae and the impact of interstellar medium heterogeneities on the galactic chemical evolution of ⁴⁴Ca/⁴⁰Ca, (<i>ii</i>) the nucleosynthesis processes of neutron bursts and explosive H-burning in Type II supernovae, and (<i>iii</i>) challenges in identifying the progenitor supernovae for ⁵⁴Cr-rich presolar nanospinel grains. Drawing on constraints and insights derived from presolar supernova grain data, we also provide an overview of our current understanding of the roles played by various supernova types - including Type II, Type Ia, and electron capture supernovae - in accounting for the diverse array of nucleosynthetic isotopic variations identified in bulk meteorites and meteoritic components. We briefly overview the potential mechanisms that have been proposed to explain these nucleosynthetic variations by describing the transport and distribution of presolar dust carriers in the protoplanetary disk. We highlight existing controversies in the interpretation of presolar grain data and meteoritic nucleosynthetic isotopic variations, while also outlining potential directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"220 8","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142627949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong Gravitational Lensing and Microlensing of Supernovae.","authors":"Sherry H Suyu, Ariel Goobar, Thomas Collett, Anupreeta More, Giorgos Vernardos","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01044-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-024-01044-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strong gravitational lensing and microlensing of supernovae (SNe) are emerging as a new probe of cosmology and astrophysics in recent years. We provide an overview of this nascent research field, starting with a summary of the first discoveries of strongly lensed SNe. We describe the use of the time delays between multiple SN images as a way to measure cosmological distances and thus constrain cosmological parameters, particularly the Hubble constant, whose value is currently under heated debates. New methods for measuring the time delays in lensed SNe have been developed, and the sample of lensed SNe from the upcoming Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is expected to provide competitive cosmological constraints. Lensed SNe are also powerful astrophysical probes. We review the usage of lensed SNe to constrain SN progenitors, acquire high-z SN spectra through lensing magnifications, infer SN sizes via microlensing, and measure properties of dust in galaxies. The current challenge in the field is the rarity and difficulty in finding lensed SNe. We describe various methods and ongoing efforts to find these spectacular explosions, forecast the properties of the expected sample of lensed SNe from upcoming surveys particularly the LSST, and summarize the observational follow-up requirements to enable the various scientific studies. We anticipate the upcoming years to be exciting with a boom in lensed SN discoveries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"220 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11297109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA): an Apollo Participating Scientist Program to Prepare the Lunar Sample Community for Artemis.","authors":"C K Shearer, F M McCubbin, S Eckley, S B Simon, A Meshik, F McDonald, H H Schmitt, R A Zeigler, J Gross, J Mitchell, C Krysher, R V Morris, R Parai, B L Jolliff, J J Gillis-Davis, K H Joy, S K Bell, P G Lucey, L Sun, Z D Sharp, C Dukes, A Sehlke, A Mosie, J Allton, C Amick, J I Simon, T M Erickson, J J Barnes, M D Dyar, K Burgess, N Petro, D Moriarty, N M Curran, J E Elsila, R A Colina-Ruiz, T Kroll, D Sokaras, H A Ishii, J P Bradley, D Sears, B Cohen, O Pravdivseva, M S Thompson, C R Neal, R Hana, R Ketcham, K Welten","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01094-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-024-01094-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a first step in preparing for the return of samples from the Moon by the Artemis Program, NASA initiated the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis Program (ANGSA). ANGSA was designed to function as a low-cost sample return mission and involved the curation and analysis of samples previously returned by the Apollo 17 mission that remained unopened or stored under unique conditions for 50 years. These samples include the lower portion of a double drive tube previously sealed on the lunar surface, the upper portion of that drive tube that had remained unopened, and a variety of Apollo 17 samples that had remained stored at -27 °C for approximately 50 years. ANGSA constitutes the first preliminary examination phase of a lunar \"sample return mission\" in over 50 years. It also mimics that same phase of an Artemis surface exploration mission, its design included placing samples within the context of local and regional geology through new orbital observations collected since Apollo and additional new \"boots-on-the-ground\" observations, data synthesis, and interpretations provided by Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt. ANGSA used new curation techniques to prepare, document, and allocate these new lunar samples, developed new tools to open and extract gases from their containers, and applied new analytical instrumentation previously unavailable during the Apollo Program to reveal new information about these samples. Most of the 90 scientists, engineers, and curators involved in this mission were not alive during the Apollo Program, and it had been 30 years since the last Apollo core sample was processed in the Apollo curation facility at NASA JSC. There are many firsts associated with ANGSA that have direct relevance to Artemis. ANGSA is the first to open a core sample previously sealed on the surface of the Moon, the first to extract and analyze lunar gases collected <i>in situ</i>, the first to examine a core that penetrated a lunar landslide deposit, and the first to process pristine Apollo samples in a glovebox at -20 °C. All the ANGSA activities have helped to prepare the Artemis generation for what is to come. The timing of this program, the composition of the team, and the preservation of unopened Apollo samples facilitated this generational handoff from Apollo to Artemis that sets up Artemis and the lunar sample science community for additional successes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"220 6","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11335912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lunar Environment Heliophysics X-ray Imager (LEXI) Mission.","authors":"B M Walsh, K D Kuntz, S Busk, T Cameron, D Chornay, A Chuchra, M R Collier, C Connor, H K Connor, T E Cravens, N Dobson, M Galeazzi, H Kim, J Kujawski, C K Paw U, F S Porter, V Naldoza, R Nutter, R Qudsi, D G Sibeck, S Sembay, M Shoemaker, K Simms, N E Thomas, E Atz, G Winkert","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01063-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-024-01063-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager (LEXI) is a wide field-of-view soft X-ray telescope developed to study solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. LEXI is part of the Blue Ghost 1 mission comprised of 10 payloads to be deployed on the lunar surface. LEXI monitors the dayside magnetopause position and shape as a function of time by observing soft X-rays (0.1-2 keV) emitted from solar wind charge-exchange between exospheric neutrals and high charge-state solar wind plasma in the dayside magnetosheath. Measurements of the shape and position of the magnetopause are used to test temporal models of meso- and macro-scale magnetic reconnection. To image the boundary, LEXI employs lobster-eye optics to focus X-rays to a microchannel plate detector with a 9.1<math><mmultiscripts><mo>×</mo><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mo>∘</mo></mmultiscripts><msup><mn>9.1</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></math> field of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"220 4","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11093736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-Delay Cosmography: Measuring the Hubble Constant and Other Cosmological Parameters with Strong Gravitational Lensing.","authors":"S Birrer, M Millon, D Sluse, A J Shajib, F Courbin, S Erickson, L V E Koopmans, S H Suyu, T Treu","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01079-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-024-01079-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiply lensed images of a same source experience a relative time delay in the arrival of photons due to the path length difference and the different gravitational potentials the photons travel through. This effect can be used to measure absolute distances and the Hubble constant ( <math><msub><mi>H</mi> <mn>0</mn></msub> </math> ) and is known as time-delay cosmography. The method is independent of the local distance ladder and early-universe physics and provides a precise and competitive measurement of <math><msub><mi>H</mi> <mn>0</mn></msub> </math> . With upcoming observatories, time-delay cosmography can provide a 1% precision measurement of <math><msub><mi>H</mi> <mn>0</mn></msub> </math> and can decisively shed light on the current reported 'Hubble tension'. This manuscript details the general methodology developed over the past decades in time-delay cosmography, discusses recent advances and results, and, foremost, provides a foundation and outlook for the next decade in providing accurate and ever more precise measurements with increased sample size and improved observational techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"220 5","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}