Space Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Analyzer for Cusp Ions (ACI) on the TRACERS Mission.","authors":"Stephen A Fuselier, Matthew A Freeman, Craig A Kletzing, Sean R Christopherson, Michael J Covello, Daniel De Luna, Raymond L Doty, Colin G Elder, Judith D Furman, Jonathan Gasser, Don E George, Roman G Gomez, Guy A Grubbs, Kristie Llera, David M Miles, Joey Mukherjee, Kristian B Persson, Steven M Petrinec, Dinesh K V Radhakrishnan, Christopher L Ramirez, Ashley S Reisig, Charline Rodriguez, Courtney A Rouse, David A Ruggles, Shawn D Schwarz, Jonathan R Sekula, Linda J Shipp, Justyna M Sokół, Kylie M Sullivan, Karlheinz J Trattner, Sarah K Vines","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01154-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01154-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Analyzers for Cusp Ions (ACIs) on the TRACERS mission measure ion velocity distribution functions in the magnetospheric cusp from two closely spaced spacecraft in low Earth orbit. The precipitating and upflowing ion measurements contribute to the overarching goal of the TRACERS mission and are key to all three science objectives of the mission. ACI is a toroidal top-hat electrostatic analyzer on a spinning platform that provides full angular coverage with instantaneous 22.5° × ∼6° angular resolution for a single energy step. ACI has an ion energy range from ∼8 eV/e to 20,000 eV/e covered in 47 logarithmic-spaced energy steps with fractional energy resolution of ∼10%. It provides reasonably high cadence (312 ms) measurements of the ion energy-pitch angle distribution with good sensitivity and energy resolution, enabling detection of cusp boundaries and characterization of cusp ion steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 2","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Simultaneous Occurrence of Magnetospheric Fluctuations at Different Discrete Frequencies ( <ns0:math><ns0:mi>f</ns0:mi> <ns0:mo>≈</ns0:mo></ns0:math> 1 - 5 mHz): A Review.","authors":"Simone Di Matteo, Umberto Villante","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01166-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01166-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last 30 years, many papers reported the almost simultaneous occurrence of magnetospheric fluctuations at different frequencies and latitudes (basically, in the range <math><mi>f</mi></math> ≈ 1-5 mHz; <math><mi>T</mi></math> ≈ 200-1000 s) and the possible existence and stability of sets of favorite frequencies (in particular: <math><mi>f</mi></math> <math><mmultiscripts><mo>≈</mo> <mprescripts></mprescripts> <mn>1</mn> <none></none></mmultiscripts> </math> 1.3, <math><mi>f</mi></math> <math><mmultiscripts><mo>≈</mo> <mprescripts></mprescripts> <mn>2</mn> <none></none></mmultiscripts> </math> 1.9, <math><mi>f</mi></math> <math><mmultiscripts><mo>≈</mo> <mprescripts></mprescripts> <mn>3</mn> <none></none></mmultiscripts> </math> 2.6-2.7, and <math><mi>f</mi></math> <math><mmultiscripts><mo>≈</mo> <mprescripts></mprescripts> <mn>4</mn> <none></none></mmultiscripts> </math> 3.2-3.4 mHz) has been proposed, determining controversial results. In the present paper we review these investigations focusing particular attention on several critical aspects that may have influenced the results and the comparison of these analyses (particularly, the correspondence between magnetospheric and solar wind fluctuations; the role of the short and long term variations of the solar wind and magnetospheric characteristics; the effects of the great variety of analytical methods adopted for the evaluation of power spectra and for the identification of relevant events). The results of this global analysis do not support the existence of a stable and persistent <i>absolute</i> set of favorite frequencies for magnetospheric oscillations; nevertheless, in the range of frequency explored by most investigations ( <math><mi>f</mi></math> ≈ 1.5-4.0 mHz), they reveal a strong predominance of cases between <math><mi>f</mi></math> ≈ 1.5-2.5 mHz, with percentages maximizing in the bin centered at <math><mi>f</mi></math> = 2.0 mHz (a feature mostly due to events occurring at <math><mi>f</mi></math> ≈ 1.9 mHz) and rapidly decreasing with increasing frequency; small evidence for an additional peak emerges at <math><mi>f</mi></math> = 3.5 mHz; these aspects are much more explicit in the geomagnetic events than in the ionospheric and magnetospheric ones. Among other processes, the impact of the \"mesoscale\" solar wind density structures on the magnetosphere might be related with the onset of magnetospheric fluctuations at the observed frequencies.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11214-025-01166-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 4","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Supply from Io to Jupiter's Magnetosphere.","authors":"Lorenz Roth, Aljona Blöcker, Katherine de Kleer, David Goldstein, Emmanuel Lellouch, Joachim Saur, Carl Schmidt, Darrell F Strobel, Chihiro Tao, Fuminori Tsuchiya, Vincent Dols, Hans Huybrighs, Alessandro Mura, Jamey R Szalay, Sarah V Badman, Imke de Pater, Anne-Cathrine Dott, Masato Kagitani, Lea Klaiber, Ryoichi Koga, Alfred S McEwen, Zachariah Milby, Kurt D Retherford, Stephan Schlegel, Nicolas Thomas, Wei-Ling Tseng, Audrey Vorburger","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01137-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01137-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the Voyager mission flybys in 1979, we have known the moon Io to be both volcanically active and the main source of plasma in the vast magnetosphere of Jupiter. Material lost from Io forms neutral clouds, the Io plasma torus and ultimately the extended plasma sheet. This material is supplied from Io's upper atmosphere and atmospheric loss is likely driven by plasma-interaction effects with possible contributions from thermal escape and photochemistry-driven escape. Direct volcanic escape is negligible. The supply of material to maintain the plasma torus has been estimated from various methods at roughly one ton per second. Most of the time the magnetospheric plasma environment of Io is stable on timescales from days to months. Similarly, Io's atmosphere was found to have a stable average density on the dayside, although it exhibits lateral (longitudinal and latitudinal) and temporal (both diurnal and seasonal) variations. There is a potential positive feedback in the Io torus supply: collisions of torus plasma with atmospheric neutrals are probably a significant loss process, which increases with torus density. The stability of the torus environment may be maintained by limiting mechanisms of either torus supply from Io or the loss from the torus by centrifugal interchange in the middle magnetosphere. Various observations suggest that occasionally (roughly 1 to 2 detections per decade) the plasma torus undergoes major transient changes over a period of several weeks, apparently overcoming possible stabilizing mechanisms. Such events (as well as more frequent minor changes) are commonly explained by some kind of change in volcanic activity that triggers a chain of reactions which modify the plasma torus state via a net change in supply of new mass. However, it remains unknown what kind of volcanic event (if any) can trigger events in torus and magnetosphere, whether Io's atmosphere undergoes a general change before or during such events, and what processes could enable such a change in the otherwise stable torus. Alternative explanations, which are not invoking volcanic activity, have not been put forward. We review the current knowledge on Io's volcanic activity, atmosphere, and the magnetospheric neutral and plasma environment and their roles in mass transfer from Io to the plasma torus and magnetosphere. We provide an overview of the recorded events of transient changes in the torus, address several contradictions and inconsistencies, and point out gaps in our current understanding. Lastly, we provide a list of relevant terms and their definitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE): Science and Mission Overview.","authors":"Chi Wang, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont, C Philippe Escoubet, Colin Forsyth","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01126-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-024-01126-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) was proposed to the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) and the European Space Agency (ESA) following a joint call for science missions issued in January 2015. SMILE was proposed by a team of European and Chinese scientists, led by two mission Co-PIs, one from China and one from Europe. SMILE was selected in June 2015, and its budget adopted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in November 2016 and the ESA Science Programme Committee in March 2019, respectively. SMILE will investigate the connection between the Sun and the Earth using a new technique that will image the magnetopause and polar cusps: the key regions where the solar wind impinges on Earth's magnetic field. Simultaneously, SMILE will image the auroras borealis in an ultraviolet waveband, providing long-duration continuous observations of the northern polar regions. In addition, the ion and magnetic field characteristics of the magnetospheric lobes, magnetosheath and solar wind will be measured by the in-situ instrument package. Here, we present the science goals, instruments and planned orbit. In addition the Working Groups that are supporting the preparation of the mission and the coordination with other magnetospheric missions are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Foreshock 30-Second Waves to Magnetospheric Pc3 Waves.","authors":"Lucile Turc, Kazue Takahashi, Primož Kajdič, Emilia K J Kilpua, Theodoros Sarris, Minna Palmroth, Jan Soucek, Yann Pfau-Kempf, Andrew Dimmock, Naoko Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01152-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01152-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-low frequency waves, with periods between 1-1000 s, are ubiquitous in the near-Earth plasma environment and play an important role in magnetospheric dynamics and in the transfer of electromagnetic energy from the solar wind to the magnetosphere. A class of those waves, often referred to as Pc3 waves when they are recorded from the ground, with periods between 10 and 45 s, are routinely observed in the dayside magnetosphere. They originate from the ion foreshock, a region of geospace extending upstream of the quasi-parallel portion of Earth's bow shock. There, the interaction between shock-reflected ions and the incoming solar wind gives rise to a variety of waves, and predominantly fast-magnetosonic waves with a period typically around 30 s. The connection between these waves upstream of the shock and their counterparts observed inside the magnetosphere and on the ground was inferred already early on in space observations due to similar properties, thereby implying the transmission of the waves across near-Earth space, through the shock and the magnetopause. This review provides an overview of foreshock 30-second/Pc3 waves research from the early observations in the 1960s to the present day, covering the entire propagation pathway of these waves, from the foreshock to the ground. We describe the processes at play in the different regions of geospace, and review observational, theoretical and numerical works pertaining to the study of these waves. We conclude this review with unresolved questions and upcoming opportunities in both observations and simulations to further our understanding of these waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 2","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Temperature Aqueous Alteration of Chondrites.","authors":"Martin R Lee, Conel M O'D Alexander, Addi Bischoff, Adrian J Brearley, Elena Dobrică, Wataru Fujiya, Corentin Le Guillou, Ashley J King, Elishevah van Kooten, Alexander N Krot, Jan Leitner, Yves Marrocchi, Markus Patzek, Michail I Petaev, Laurette Piani, Olga Pravdivtseva, Laurent Remusat, Myriam Telus, Akira Tsuchiyama, Lionel G Vacher","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01132-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-024-01132-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chondritic meteorites (chondrites) contain evidence for the interaction of liquid water with the interiors of small bodies early in Solar System history. Here we review the processes, products and timings of the low-temperature aqueous alteration reactions in CR, CM, CI and ungrouped carbonaceous chondrites, the asteroids Ryugu and Bennu, and hydrated dark clasts in different types of meteorites. We first consider the nature of chondritic lithologies and the insights that they provide into alteration conditions, subdivided by the mineralogy and petrology of hydrated chondrites, the mineralogy of hydrated dark clasts, the effects of alteration on presolar grains, and the evolution of organic matter. We then describe the properties of the aqueous fluids and how they reacted with accreted material as revealed by physicochemical modelling and hydrothermal experiments, the analysis of fluid inclusions in aqueously formed minerals, and isotope tracers. Lastly, we outline the chronology of aqueous alteration reactions as determined using the ⁵³Mn-⁵³Cr and ¹²⁹I-¹²⁹Xe systems.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11214-024-01132-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jets Downstream of Collisionless Shocks: Recent Discoveries and Challenges.","authors":"Eva Krämer, Florian Koller, Jonas Suni, Adrian T LaMoury, Adrian Pöppelwerth, Georg Glebe, Tara Mohammed-Amin, Savvas Raptis, Laura Vuorinen, Stefan Weiss, Niki Xirogiannopoulou, Martin Archer, Xóchitl Blanco-Cano, Herbert Gunell, Heli Hietala, Tomas Karlsson, Ferdinand Plaschke, Luis Preisser, Owen Roberts, Cyril Simon Wedlund, Manuela Temmer, Zoltán Vörös","doi":"10.1007/s11214-024-01129-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-024-01129-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma flows with enhanced dynamic pressure, known as magnetosheath jets, are often found downstream of collisionless shocks. As they propagate through the magnetosheath, they interact with the surrounding plasma, shaping its properties, and potentially becoming geoeffective upon reaching the magnetopause. In recent years (since 2016), new research has produced vital results that have significantly enhanced our understanding on many aspects of jets. In this review, we summarise and discuss these findings. Spacecraft and ground-based observations, as well as global and local simulations, have contributed greatly to our understanding of the causes and effects of magnetosheath jets. First, we discuss recent findings on jet occurrence and formation, including in other planetary environments. New insights into jet properties and evolution are then examined using observations and simulations. Finally, we review the impact of jets upon interaction with the magnetopause and subsequent consequences for the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We conclude with an outlook and assessment on future challenges. This includes an overview on future space missions that may prove crucial in tackling the outstanding open questions on jets in the terrestrial magnetosheath as well as other planetary and shock environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ohm's Law, the Reconnection Rate, and Energy Conversion in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection.","authors":"Yi-Hsin Liu, Michael Hesse, Kevin Genestreti, Rumi Nakamura, James L Burch, Paul A Cassak, Naoki Bessho, Jonathan P Eastwood, Tai Phan, Marc Swisdak, Sergio Toledo-Redondo, Masahiro Hoshino, Cecilia Norgren, Hantao Ji, Takuma K M Nakamura","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01142-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01142-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous plasma process that transforms magnetic energy into particle energy during eruptive events throughout the universe. Reconnection not only converts energy during solar flares and geomagnetic substorms that drive space weather near Earth, but it may also play critical roles in the high energy emissions from the magnetospheres of neutron stars and black holes. In this review article, we focus on collisionless plasmas that are most relevant to reconnection in many space and astrophysical plasmas. Guided by first-principles kinetic simulations and spaceborne in-situ observations, we highlight the most recent progress in understanding this fundamental plasma process. We start by discussing the non-ideal electric field in the generalized Ohm's law that breaks the frozen-in flux condition in ideal magnetohydrodynamics and allows magnetic reconnection to occur. We point out that this same reconnection electric field also plays an important role in sustaining the current and pressure in the current sheet and then discuss the determination of its magnitude (i.e., the reconnection rate), based on force balance and energy conservation. This approach to determining the reconnection rate is applied to kinetic current sheets with a wide variety of magnetic geometries, parameters, and background conditions. We also briefly review the key diagnostics and modeling of energy conversion around the reconnection diffusion region, seeking insights from recently developed theories. Finally, future prospects and open questions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Holistic Approach to the SMILE Mission and SMILE Public Engagement.","authors":"Jennifer Alyson Carter, Steven Sembay, Simona Nitti, Maria-Theresia Walach, Steve Milan, Yasir Soobiah, Kjellmar Oksavik, Colin Forsyth, Matthew G G T Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01175-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-025-01175-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we consider initial steps of how upcoming data from the SMILE Soft X-ray Imager and Ultraviolet Imager may be combined with additional data sources to provide a more holistic view of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group aims to embed SMILE in a multi-scale and holistic view of the Earth's magnetosphere by exploring coordination of ground-based and other spacecraft's data with SMILE. This working group is one of four working groups within the SMILE Science Working Team who are tasked with preparing all aspects of the mission. Adequate preparation is essential to optimise the tools, multiple instrument campaigns and procedures to allow the maximum science return from SMILE in the context of the entire available range of temporal and spatial scales in the terrestrial system. SMILE instruments will not work in isolation from each other, nor from other spacecraft or ground-based experiments. Synergies with other missions and ground-based experimentation will be fundamental for full science exploitation of the data. In this paper, we expand on the previous publications by the Ground-Based and Additional Science working group, by exploring the possibilities of using a two-way approach to deriving scientific results from SMILE, using a small isolated substorm as a case study. We use knowledge of the contemporaneous solar wind conditions during the substorm to simulate SMILE Soft X-ray Imager data. We also use observed ultraviolet auroral emissions and field-aligned current data as measured in the high-latitude polar regions to act as either a proxy for the SMILE Ultraviolet Imager, or an alternative source of information for the open-closed field line boundary. The observational data is used to constrain the minimisation of the two-dimensional X-ray images, leading to an improvement in the derived shape of the flank magnetopause position. We also comment on mission's possibilities to inspire the public through various engagement programmes, and current activities to involve diverse communities in the preparations and science exploitation of SMILE.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 4","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Oxytocin on Glutamate Mediated Neurotoxicity in Neuroblastoma Cell Culture.","authors":"Börte Gürbüz Özgür, Kamil Vural, Mehmet İbrahim Tuğlu","doi":"10.29399/npa.28377","DOIUrl":"10.29399/npa.28377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to investigate the effects of oxytocin on neurite growth, cell viability, cell proliferation and apoptosis to demonstrate its neuroprotective effect on glutamate induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell culture.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The effect of oxytocin on the toxic effects of glutamate in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line with the Neurotoxicity Screening Test (NTT), apoptotic effects by Terminal Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) method and cell viability test by 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. In the NTT test; Neurotoxicity was induced by adding glutamate at a concentration of 32 μM to the cell culture. Oxytocin was added at 1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 μM concentrations and its effect on neurite elongation was investigated. It was demonstrated by TUNEL method that application of glutamate caused apoptosis. Afterwards, when glutamate and different doses of oxytocin were given, antiapoptotic effect was evaluated with the apoptotic index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glutamate was found to have a dose-dependent neurotoxic effect and reduced neurite elongation by 50% at a concentration of 32 μM. It was shown that the inhibition of neurite elongation caused by glutamate decreased in a dose-dependent manner by applying oxytocin. Especially oxytocin was found to significantly reduce neurite inhibition and show a neuroprotective effect starting from 10 μM concentrations. The concentration at which glutamate reduces cell proliferation by 50% was determined as 54 μM in MTT. Subsequently, it was observed that the adverse effect of glutamate on cell proliferation significantly decreased with oxytocin administration, depending on the dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was found that different concentrations of glutamate have a significant toxic effect on cell proliferation and viability, glutamate inhibits neurite elongation in a dose-dependent manner; oxytocin reduces neurite inhibition caused by glutamate, has a neuroprotective effect, increases cell viability and has antiapoptotic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"187 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10943934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74735295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}