Space Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"BroadSCOPE: An Optical Broadband Seismic Sensor for Planetary Exploration.","authors":"Angela G Marusiak, Daniella N DellaGiustina, Bradley D Avenson, Donghwan Kim, Ronald-Louis Ballouz, Mehdi Benna, Carina A Bennett, Veronica J Bray, Dathon R Golish, Daniel Hofstadter, Eric Johnson, Ryan Martineau, Steven Meyer, Timothy Neilsen, Eric Reiss, Nicholas C Schmerr, Kevin J Walsh, Renee C Weber, Kris Zacny, S Hop Bailey","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01316-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01316-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seismology is crucial for the geologic and interior exploration of planetary bodies. High signal-to-noise (SNR) instruments are required to record low amplitude seismic events such as deep moonquakes. Here we describe the Broadband Seismic Characterization using Optics for Planetary Exploration (\"BroadSCOPE\") sensor, a broadband planetary seismometer built by Silicon Audio and the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona. Our laser interferometer design offers high sensitivity and a high tilt tolerance, while maintaining low power and mass. Our self-noise floor is targeted at <math><msup><mn>10</mn> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>9</mn></mrow> </msup> <mspace></mspace> <mtext>m</mtext> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mtext>s</mtext> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn></mrow> </msup> <mo>/</mo> <msqrt><mi>Hz</mi></msqrt> </math> at frequencies of about 1 Hz. We have performed environmental testing to reach a Technology Readiness Level of 6 for lunar conditions. This instrument was specifically developed for the Moon under NASA's Development and Advancement of Lunar Instrumentation (DALI) program and matured by the Artemis Deployed Instruments opportunity. While designed for the Moon, the sensor could be used to explore other airless bodies such as binary asteroids.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 6","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13506645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JuRa: The Juventas Radar on Hera Mission to Probe Internal Structure of Didymos and Dimorphos Asteroids.","authors":"Alain Herique, Dirk Plettemeier, Yves Rogez, Yann Berquin, Valérie Ciarletti, Wenzhe Fa, Christelle Eyraud, Mark Haynes, Essam Heggy, Amine Kechouindi, Takao Kobayashi, Wlodek Kofman, Matin Laabs, Dominik Nolbert, Elena Pettinelli, Sampsa Pursiainen, Sylvain Rochat, Christian Schmidt, Anne Virkki, Filip Záplata, Sonia Zine, Paul Abell, Ian Carnelli, Hannah Goldberg, Simon Green, Michael Küppers, Monica Lazzarin, Patrick Michel, Franco Perez Lissi, Seiji Sugita, Stephan Ulamec","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01324-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01324-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>JuRa, the Juventas Radar, is the sounding radar of the Hera/ESA mission on cruise to the asteroid Didymos and its moon, Dimorphos. In 2027, it will, for the first time, do direct observation of the internal structure of an asteroid for the benefit of both science and planetary defense. The instrument is a 60 MHz monostatic radar with a 20 MHz bandwidth, operating in full linear polarization, onboard Juventas, a CubeSat that will operate from end of January to end of March 2027, in a sun-synchronous orbit with a radius ranging from 3.3 to 2 km. With an expected penetration depth of 100 meters or more, it will uncover the expected rubble pile structures of Didymos and Dimorphos, detect the presence of internal structures, and characterize the size and the level of heterogeneity of the constituent materials. This knowledge will provide a better understanding of the formation and stability conditions of a binary asteroids, and constrain physical models of accretion and evolution. This article describes the concept of radar sounding and tomographic imaging, then presents the Didymos and Dimorphos system and the objectives of JuRa. It then describes the JuRa's specifications and design.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 7","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rocky Planets as Heat Engines.","authors":"Diogo L Lourenço, Doris Breuer, Maëlis Arnould, Philipp Baumeister, Emeline Bolmont, Paul K Byrne, Peter A Cawood, Nicolas Coltice, João C Duarte, Brad Foley, Taras Gerya, Shun-Ichiro Karato, Francesca Miozzi, Lena Noack, Alexandre Revol, Tilman Spohn, Robert J Stern","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01317-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01317-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rocky planets act as heat engines, using internal heat to drive mantle convection, tectonic activity, crustal evolution and magnetic field generation. This ultimately shapes the surface environment and long-term habitability. This article reviews the physical and chemical processes governing the interior dynamics of rocky planets in the Solar System and beyond, emphasizing how variations in heat sources, material properties, internal structure, and boundary conditions (e.g., surface temperature and stellar flux) lead to diverse evolutionary pathways. Planetary heat arises from primordial accretion, core formation, radiogenic decay, tidal dissipation, and impact heating, and these energy sources regulate convective vigor and heat loss over geological timescales. Depending on different mechanical, thermal, and compositional controls, rocky planets can exhibit a spectrum of tectonic regimes, including plate tectonics, episodic lid, stagnant lid, and plutonic-squishy lid. Particular attention is given to the role of crustal buoyancy, volatile content, rheology, surface temperature, and magmatic intrusion-extrusion balance in governing lithospheric mobility and recycling efficiency. We further review models of coupled thermal and chemical evolution, including magma ocean solidification, mantle differentiation, crust formation, and volatile cycling between the interior and atmosphere. The implications of interior evolution for planetary magnetic fields are discussed, highlighting how mantle cooling histories influence dynamo generation and longevity. Finally, we review the links between tectonic regime, atmospheric evolution, and planetary habitability, with Earth serving as a reference case within a broader comparative planetary framework. By integrating insights from geodynamics, mineral physics, planetary science, and exoplanet observations, this article aims to provide a unifying framework for interpreting the interior state, thermal evolution, and tectonic diversity of rocky exoplanets, and to support future efforts to understand their dynamics, evolution, and potential for habitability.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 6","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13503420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interstellar Mapping And Acceleration Probe High Energy (IMAP-Hi) Neutral Atom Imager.","authors":"H O Funsten, F Allegrini, D B Reisenfeld, G Cardarelli, B C Carpenter, E R Christian, S Cortinas, S P Craft, F D Da Rocha, E R Dauson, A De Los Santos, G F Dunn, P A Fernandes, G Fletcher, K A Ford, J Ford, E G Geros, M Gkioulidou, G Grubbs, A A Guthrie, J J Hanley, D S Harvey, R L Hemphill, B D Hill, P J Hoeper, R D Hom-Crosier, D E Hooks, P H Janzen, T K Kim, S I Lanctot, Y Liu, C A Maldonado, J P Martinez, D J McComas, A S Merrill, E Moebius, Z Moorhead-Rosenberg, B N T Mosley, R T Newell, S Noh, C Nunez, T R Pacheco, A A Pontoni, S E Pope, F Rahmanifard, B G Rodriguez, H Rodriguez, B F Sandoval, T B Schultz, C M Schiferl, N A Schwadron, R M Skoug, S A Storms, M B Tapley, K L Taylor, T W Taylor, W Toczynski, J A Trevino, C J Tucker, D M Venhaus, V J Vigil, N K Walia, P Wurz","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01298-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01298-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The IMAP-Hi Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imager on NASA's Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) mission (McComas et al. 2018a, 2025) is designed to measure ENAs from the global interaction between the heliosphere and the local interstellar medium (LISM). These ENAs are initially plasma ions of solar wind origin that are neutralized by charge exchange with the cold neutral atoms of LISM that freely flow through the heliosphere-LISM interaction region. IMAP-Hi consists of two identical single-pixel sensors, each covering the ENA spectral range from 0.44 keV to 15.6 keV over nine contiguous energy passbands and having an approximately conical field-of-view (FOV) of 4.1^o full width at half maximum (FWHM). The Hi-45 sensor points 45^o relative to the spacecraft spin axis from the antisunward direction; each spacecraft spin, it measures ENA intensity over a circular swath with half-cone angle 45^o centered on the ecliptic plane. The Hi-90 sensor points 90^o relative to the spin axis; each spacecraft spin, it measures ENA intensity over a great circle in the sky, sampling both the north and south ecliptic poles. As the IMAP spin vector is re-pointed daily toward the Sun, the ecliptic longitude of the swaths moves daily by ∼1^o such that a full sky map is acquired by Hi-90 every six months and a complete low latitude (-45^o to +45^o) map is acquired by Hi-45 annually. The IMAP-Hi sensor design has direct heritage from the IBEX-Hi imager on the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission, with substantial improvements in energy range, energy resolution, angular resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and, for ecliptic latitudes within ±45^o, temporal resolution and exposure time. The global ENA maps acquired by IMAP-Hi partially overlap in energy and viewing with the ENA maps acquired by the IMAP-Lo and IMAP-Ultra ENA imagers, which we combine to answer fundamental questions about the structure and dynamics of the interaction of the heliosphere and the LISM.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 4","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMAP's Role in Understanding Particle Injection and Energization Throughout the Heliosphere.","authors":"C M S Cohen, B L Alterman, D N Baker, A Bruno, M Bzowski, E R Christian, I J Cohen, S Dalla, M A Dayeh, M I Desai, H A Elliott, J Giacalone, M Gkioulidou, F Guo, T Horbury, S G Kanekal, I Kowalska-Leszczyńska, C O Lee, G I Livadiotis, J G Luhmann, W H Matthaeus, D J McComas, J G Mitchell, E Moebius, J Rankin, J D Richardson, N A Schwadron, R Skoug, D Turner, G Zank, E J Zirnstein","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01257-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01257-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The payload of the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) includes sophisticated in situ instruments to measure solar wind plasma and magnetic fields, suprathermal and energetic particles at 1 au as well as unprecedented remote sensing instruments to observe the energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in the outer heliosphere and the ultraviolet glow of the interstellar neutral H interacting with the three-dimensional solar wind. This unique combination of sensors on a single platform allows connections to be made between the inner and outer heliosphere to an extent never before possible. This article focuses on the scientific theme of connecting the physics of particle acceleration and transport throughout the heliosphere. Such studies enabled by IMAP are organized into three broad categories: i) fundamental particle acceleration and transport processes, ii) heliospheric variability that affects those processes, and iii) inner heliospheric science.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12779750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145953100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exo-Geoscience Perspectives Beyond Habitability.","authors":"Tilman Spohn, Aki Roberge, M J Way, João C Duarte, Francesca Miozzi, Philipp Baumeister, Paul Byrne, Charles H Lineweaver","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01265-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01265-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews the emerging field of exo-geoscience, focusing on the geological and geophysical processes thought to influence the evolution and (eu)habitability of rocky exoplanets. We examine the possible roles of planetary interiors, tectonic regimes, continental coverage, volatile cycling, magnetic fields, and atmospheric composition and evolution in shaping long-term climate stability and biospheric potential. Comparisons with Earth and other planets in the Solar System highlight the diversity of planetary conditions and the rarity of conditions relevant to life. We also discuss contingency and convergence in planetary and biological evolution as they relate to the spread of life in the universe. The observational limits of current and planned missions are assessed, emphasizing the need for models that connect internal dynamics to detectable atmospheric and surface signatures as well as the need for laboratory measurements of planetary properties under a wide range of conditions. The large number of exoplanets promises opportunities for empirical and statistical studies of processes that may have occurred earlier in Earth's history, as well as for the other pathways rocky planets and biospheres may take. Thus, exo-geoscience provides a framework for interpreting exoplanet diversity and refining strategies for detecting life beyond the Solar System.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12804257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobilization of Unconsolidated Granular Material on Asteroid (101955) Bennu by Spacecraft Interaction.","authors":"Edward B Bierhaus, Jarvis T Songer, Courtney E Mario, Christopher D Norman, Curtis Miller, Ryan Olds, Angelica Martinez, Benton C Clark, Christine Hartzell, Bashar Rizk, Christian Drouet d'Aubigny, Jennifer Nolau, Alicia Allen, Maurizio Pajola, Dathon R Golish, Humberto Campins, Kevin J Walsh, Ronald-Louis Ballouz, C W V Wolner, Brent J Bos, Dante S Lauretta, Michael C Nolan, Daniella N DellaGiustina","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01285-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01285-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission demonstrated the potential for robotic spacecraft to probe physical properties of planetary bodies. In 2020, the spacecraft autonomously collected granular material from Bennu, a small unconsolidated asteroid, leaving behind a region excavated by the combined effects of the gas-driven sampler and backaway thrusters. Disambiguating the physical responses to these two energy-injection events offers an opportunity to characterize a microgravity asteroid's near-surface properties and understand how thruster-surface interactions could be utilized by future missions. We do so here using data from the spacecraft's instruments and telemetry in conjunction with detailed modeling of the thrusters. The sampler initially formed a crater 0.5-0.7 meters in radius before thruster activation. The thrusters deposited four regions of high-pressure gas ∼1-6 meters from the contact location, with lower pressures inside and beyond this region. As a result, the crater expanded into a region undergoing active erosion from the thrusters, and its final dimensions were increased by thruster effects. The total erosion and redeposition depend on the pre-existing mass distribution and topography of the area. Varying erosion responses to the thrusters indicate variability in material properties laterally, and, combined with accelerometer data, as a function of depth. The efficacy of the thrusters to mobilize material over a broad area (>100 square meters), and at very small pressures (perhaps as low as 0.005 Pa), motivates their use to interrogate small-body surface properties, particularly in the spacecraft's planned 2029 encounter with asteroid Apophis.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11214-026-01285-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 3","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13043605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS) Magnetic Control Plan.","authors":"D M Miles, A Lasko, M Blandin, S Bounds, R Caron, A Carton, J Dolan, R Dvorsky, M G Finley, A Flores, C Goss, K Greene, J Halekas, G B Hospodarsky, C A Kletzing, D Mark, I Miller, P Nguyen, S Omar, E Orrill, R Prasad, A Rospos, A Slagle, R J Strangeway, R Torbert, R Vernot, A Washington","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01326-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01326-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Tandem Reconnection And Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS) mission implemented a magnetics control plan to help meet its science objectives. TRACERS studies the variability of magnetic reconnection using two closely spaced spacecraft taking high-cadence plasma measurements through the northern magnetospheric cusp. Science measurements of the local AC and DC magnetic field and medium energy electrons can be degraded by local stray magnetic fields from the spacecraft and instruments. The measured low frequency and static magnetic field can be directly contaminated by static magnetic fields from magnetised or ferromagnetic materials while the AC magnetic fields are susceptible to contamination from time varying electrical currents. Incoming electrons can be deflected by local magnetic fields altering their apparent incoming direction at detection. TRACERS uses a combination of source control, physical separation, magnetic screening, and post-hoc signal processing to ensure it meets its measurement objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 6","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron-Mediated Transport in Space, Astrophysical, and Laboratory Plasmas.","authors":"Jesse T Coburn, Maria Elena Innocenti, Daniel Verscharen, Anton Artemyev, Jasper Halekas, Wence Jiang, Matthew W Kunz, M J Pueschel, Mario Riquelme, Štěpán Štverák, Lynn Wilson","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01328-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01328-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electron-mediated transport is fundamental to the thermal and dynamical evolution of plasmas across a vast range of physical environments, from the solar wind and solar atmosphere to astrophysical systems such as galaxy clusters and accretion flows, to laboratory and fusion plasmas. This article reviews the current state of understanding of electron transport, drawing together observations, simulations, and theory to contextualise key challenges and open questions. We characterise plasma environments using the Knudsen number and electron beta, and highlight that some systems fall in an intermediate regime between the collisional and collisionless limits. In the collisional limit, transport is well described by the Chapman-Enskog-Braginskii framework, yielding anisotropic heat fluxes and momentum transfer rates governed by the ratio of the electron mean free path to the electron gyroradius. In the collisionless limit, Landau-fluid closures and quasilinear wave-particle interaction theory describe heat flux regulation through resonant instabilities, particularly whistler-mode waves, which suppress parallel electron heat flux below Spitzer-Härm predictions in high-beta plasmas. We review approaches to bridging collisional and collisionless regimes, including velocity-space-dependent collision operators, moment-based interpolating closures, and data-driven methods trained on fully kinetic simulations. Comparison with solar wind observations from the Parker Solar Probe and Wind missions reveals that the current attempts at bridging collisional and collisionless closures account for only limited regions of parameter space, underscoring the need for improved models. Four central challenges are identified for future transport theory: capturing the velocity-space dependence of collisional and collisionless scattering, describing spatial transitions between transport regimes, incorporating turbulence, and developing computationally tractable effective collision operators for large-scale simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 7","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks (COMPASS): A Mission Concept to Explore the Extremes of Jupiter's Magnetosphere.","authors":"George Clark, P Kollmann, J Kinnison, D Kelly, A Haapala, W Li, A N Jaynes, L Blum, R Marshall, D Turner, I Cohen, A Ukhorskiy, B H Mauk, E Roussos, Q Nénon, A Drozdov, E Woodfield, W Dunn, G Berland, R Kraft, P K G Williams, H T Smith, G Hospodarsky, X Wu, J Hulsman, T P O'Brien, M Looper, K Sorathia, A Sciola, A Sicard, M Donegan, B Clare, D Emmell, J Wirzburger, D Sepulveda, L Roufberg, J Perry, J Schellhase, D Pergosky, E Able, M O'Neill, C Fernandes, D Chattopadhyay, S Bibelhauser, S Kijewski, J Pulkowski, M Furrow, C Feldman, J Nichols, N Carr, H Verma, S Lindsay, E Bunce, B Parry, A Martindale","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01249-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01249-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the dawn of the space age in 1957, humanity has achieved the remarkable feat of exploring all the planets in our Solar System with robotic spacecraft. This glimpse into the diversity of space environments that make up our Solar System has revealed that no two planetary systems are identical; however, each planet harbors key clues in working toward a more unified and predictive understanding of the basic structure and dynamics of all planetary, and even exosolar, magnetospheres. A common feature found in all strongly magnetized planets are regions of trapped, high-energy charged particles called radiation belts. Dedicated missions studying the radiation belts encompassing Earth have led to major space physics discoveries over the past several decades, but Earth's magnetosphere exists in a relatively small swath of the parameter space found in our Solar System. To expand that parameter space, we present a mission concept that was reported in the recent National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) Decadal Survey to expand the frontiers of Heliophysics in the 2024-2033 decade. The mission concept is called COMPASS, short for Comprehensive Observations of Magnetospheric Particle Acceleration, Sources, and Sinks. COMPASS is a mission dedicated to the exploration of Jupiter's radiation belts, with an unprecedented suite of instruments covering i) particle species from thermal plasma to 10 tens of MeV electrons and relativistic protons and heavy ions; ii) comprehensive magnetic and electric fields and waves; and iii) dedicated X-ray imaging. COMPASS will enable the scientific community to test existing hypotheses and make new discoveries of how Jupiter's radiation belts are sourced, accelerated, and lost within such a complex system.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12847200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}