Space Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Particle Acceleration by Magnetic Reconnection in Geospace.","authors":"Mitsuo Oka, Joachim Birn, Jan Egedal, Fan Guo, Robert E Ergun, Drew L Turner, Yuri Khotyaintsev, Kyoung-Joo Hwang, Ian J Cohen, James F Drake","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01011-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-01011-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies during explosive energy-release phenomena in space, solar, and astrophysical plasma environments. While it has been established that magnetic reconnection plays an important role in the dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere, it remains unclear how magnetic reconnection can further explain particle acceleration to non-thermal energies. Here we review recent progress in our understanding of particle acceleration by magnetic reconnection in Earth's magnetosphere. With improved resolutions, recent spacecraft missions have enabled detailed studies of particle acceleration at various structures such as the diffusion region, separatrix, jets, magnetic islands (flux ropes), and dipolarization front. With the guiding-center approximation of particle motion, many studies have discussed the relative importance of the parallel electric field as well as the Fermi and betatron effects. However, in order to fully understand the particle acceleration mechanism and further compare with particle acceleration in solar and astrophysical plasma environments, there is a need for further investigation of, for example, energy partition and the precise role of turbulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 8","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134649758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Large-Scale Solar Flows.","authors":"Hideyuki Hotta, Yuto Bekki, Laurent Gizon, Quentin Noraz, Mark Rast","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01021-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01021-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sun's axisymmetric large-scale flows, differential rotation and meridional circulation, are thought to be maintained by the influence of rotation on the thermal-convective motions in the solar convection zone. These large-scale flows are crucial for maintaining the Sun's global magnetic field. Over the last several decades, our understanding of large-scale motions in the Sun has significantly improved, both through observational and theoretical efforts. Helioseismology has constrained the flow topology in the solar interior, and the growth of supercomputers has enabled simulations that can self-consistently generate large-scale flows in rotating spherical convective shells. In this article, we review our current understanding of solar convection and the large-scale flows present in the Sun, including those associated with the recently discovered inertial modes of oscillation. We discuss some issues still outstanding, and provide an outline of future efforts needed to address these.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 8","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10656343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Study of Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection.","authors":"H Ji, J Yoo, W Fox, M Yamada, M Argall, J Egedal, Y-H Liu, R Wilder, S Eriksson, W Daughton, K Bergstedt, S Bose, J Burch, R Torbert, J Ng, L-J Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01024-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-01024-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A concise review is given on the past two decades' results from laboratory experiments on collisionless magnetic reconnection in direct relation with space measurements, especially by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Highlights include spatial structures of electromagnetic fields in ion and electron diffusion regions as a function of upstream symmetry and guide field strength, energy conversion and partitioning from magnetic field to ions and electrons including particle acceleration, electrostatic and electromagnetic kinetic plasma waves with various wavelengths, and plasmoid-mediated multiscale reconnection. Combined with the progress in theoretical, numerical, and observational studies, the physics foundation of fast reconnection in collisionless plasmas has been largely established, at least within the parameter ranges and spatial scales that were studied. Immediate and long-term future opportunities based on multiscale experiments and space missions supported by exascale computation are discussed, including dissipation by kinetic plasma waves, particle heating and acceleration, and multiscale physics across fluid and kinetic scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 8","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10651714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Flight Performance of the Far Ultraviolet Instrument (FUV) on ICON.","authors":"H U Frey,&nbsp;S B Mende,&nbsp;R R Meier,&nbsp;U Kamaci,&nbsp;J M Urco,&nbsp;F Kamalabadi,&nbsp;S L England,&nbsp;T J Immel","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00969-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00969-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) was launched in October 2019 and has been observing the upper atmosphere and ionosphere to understand the sources of their strong variability, to understand the energy and momentum transfer, and to determine how the solar wind and magnetospheric effects modify the internally-driven atmosphere-space system. The Far Ultraviolet Instrument (FUV) supports these goals by observing the ultraviolet airglow in day and night, determining the atmospheric and ionospheric composition and density distribution. Based on the combination of ground calibration and flight data, this paper describes how major instrument parameters have been verified or refined since launch, how science data are collected, and how the instrument has performed over the first 3 years of the science mission. It also provides a brief summary of science results obtained so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 3","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Flight Performance of the ICON EUV Spectrograph.","authors":"Eric J Korpela,&nbsp;Martin M Sirk,&nbsp;Jerry Edelstein,&nbsp;Jason B McPhate,&nbsp;Richard M Tuminello,&nbsp;Andrew W Stephan,&nbsp;Scott L England,&nbsp;Thomas J Immel","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00963-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00963-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present in-flight performance measurements of the Ionospheric Connection Explorer EUV spectrometer, <i>ICON EUV</i>, a wide field ( <math><msup><mn>17</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> <mo>×</mo> <msup><mn>12</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> ) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrograph designed to observe the lower ionosphere at tangent altitudes between 100 and 500 km. The primary targets of the spectrometer, which has a spectral range of 54-88 nm, are the Oii emission lines at 61.6 nmand 83.4 nm. In flight calibration and performance measurement has shown that the instrument has met all of the science performance requirements. We discuss the observed and expected changes in the instrument performance due to microchannel plate charge depletion, and how these changes were tracked over the first two years of flight. This paper shows raw data products from this instrument. A parallel paper (Stephan et al. in Space Sci. Rev. 218:63, 2022) in this volume discusses the use of these raw products to determine O⁺ density profiles versus altitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 3","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10050024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Environment, Radiation, Structure, and Evolution of the Uranian System (PERSEUS): A Dedicated Orbiter Mission Concept to Study Space Physics at Uranus.","authors":"Ian J Cohen,&nbsp;Evan J Smith,&nbsp;George B Clark,&nbsp;Drew L Turner,&nbsp;Donald H Ellison,&nbsp;Ben Clare,&nbsp;Leonardo H Regoli,&nbsp;Peter Kollmann,&nbsp;Daniel T Gallagher,&nbsp;G Allan Holtzman,&nbsp;Justin J Likar,&nbsp;Takeshi Morizono,&nbsp;Matthew Shannon,&nbsp;Kimberly S Vodusek","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01013-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-01013-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Plasma Environment, Radiation, Structure, and Evolution of the Uranian System (PERSEUS) mission concept defines the feasibility and potential scope of a dedicated, standalone Heliophysics orbiter mission to study multiple space physics science objectives at Uranus. Uranus's complex and dynamic magnetosphere presents a unique laboratory to study magnetospheric physics as well as its coupling to the solar wind and the planet's atmosphere, satellites, and rings. From the planet's tilted and offset, rapidly-rotating non-dipolar magnetic field to its seasonally-extreme interactions with the solar wind to its unexpectedly intense electron radiation belts, Uranus hosts a range of outstanding and compelling mysteries relevant to the space physics community. While the exploration of planets other than Earth has largely fallen within the purview of NASA's Planetary Science Division, many targets, like Uranus, also hold immense scientific value and interest to NASA's Heliophysics Division. Exploring and understanding Uranus's magnetosphere is critical to make fundamental gains in magnetospheric physics and the understanding of potential exoplanetary systems and to test the validity of our knowledge of magnetospheric dynamics, moon-magnetosphere interactions, magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, and solar wind-planetary coupling. The PERSEUS mission concept study, currently at Concept Maturity Level (CML) 4, comprises a feasible payload that provides closure to a range of space physics science objectives in a reliable and mature spacecraft and mission design architecture. The mission is able to close using only a single Mod-1 Next-Generation Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (NG-RTG) by leveraging a concept of operations that relies of a significant hibernation mode for a large portion of its 22-day orbit.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 8","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergies Between Venus & Exoplanetary Observations: Venus and Its Extrasolar Siblings.","authors":"M J Way, Colby Ostberg, Bradford J Foley, Cedric Gillmann, Dennis Höning, Helmut Lammer, Joseph O'Rourke, Moa Persson, Ana-Catalina Plesa, Arnaud Salvador, Manuel Scherf, Matthew Weller","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00953-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-00953-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we examine how our knowledge of present day Venus can inform terrestrial exoplanetary science and how exoplanetary science can inform our study of Venus. In a superficial way the contrasts in knowledge appear stark. We have been looking at Venus for millennia and studying it via telescopic observations for centuries. Spacecraft observations began with Mariner 2 in 1962 when we confirmed that Venus was a hothouse planet, rather than the tropical paradise science fiction pictured. As long as our level of exploration and understanding of Venus remains far below that of Mars, major questions will endure. On the other hand, exoplanetary science has grown leaps and bounds since the discovery of Pegasus 51b in 1995, not too long after the golden years of Venus spacecraft missions came to an end with the Magellan Mission in 1994. Multi-million to billion dollar/euro exoplanet focused spacecraft missions such as JWST, and its successors will be flown in the coming decades. At the same time, excitement about Venus exploration is blooming again with a number of confirmed and proposed missions in the coming decades from India, Russia, Japan, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Here we review what is known and what we may discover tomorrow in complementary studies of Venus and its exoplanetary cousins.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9911515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10746451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psyche Magnetometry Investigation.","authors":"Benjamin P Weiss, José M G Merayo, Jodie B Ream, Rona Oran, Peter Brauer, Corey J Cochrane, Kyle Cloutier, Linda T Elkins-Tanton, John L Jørgensen, Clara Maurel, Ryan S Park, Carol A Polanskey, Maria de Soria Santacruz-Pich, Carol A Raymond, Christopher T Russell, Daniel Wenkert, Mark A Wieczorek, Maria T Zuber","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00965-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-00965-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the Psyche Magnetometry Investigation is to test the hypothesis that asteroid (16) Psyche formed from the core of a differentiated planetesimal. To address this, the Psyche Magnetometer will measure the magnetic field around the asteroid to search for evidence of remanent magnetization. Paleomagnetic measurements of meteorites and dynamo theory indicate that a diversity of planetesimals once generated dynamo magnetic fields in their metallic cores. Likewise, the detection of a strong magnetic moment ( <math><mo>></mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>14</mn></mrow> </msup> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mtext>Am</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msup> </math> ) at Psyche would likely indicate that the body once generated a core dynamo, implying that it formed by igneous differentiation. The Psyche Magnetometer consists of two three-axis fluxgate Sensor Units (SUs) mounted 0.7 m apart along a 2.15-m long boom and connected to two Electronics Units (EUs) located within the spacecraft bus. The Magnetometer samples at up to 50 Hz, has a range of <math><mo>±</mo> <mn>80</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>000</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mtext>nT</mtext></math> , and an instrument noise of <math><mn>39</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mtext>pT</mtext> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mtext>axis</mtext> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </msup> <mspace></mspace> <mn>3</mn> <mi>σ</mi></math> integrated over 0.1 to 1 Hz. The two pairs of SUs and EUs provide redundancy and enable gradiometry measurements to suppress noise from flight system magnetic fields. The Magnetometer will be powered on soon after launch and acquire data for the full duration of the mission. The ground data system processes the Magnetometer measurements to obtain an estimate of Psyche's dipole moment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 3","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the Tachocline.","authors":"Antoine Strugarek, Bernadett Belucz, Allan Sacha Brun, Mausumi Dikpati, Gustavo Guerrero","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01027-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01027-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The solar tachocline is an internal region of the Sun possessing strong radial and latitudinal shears straddling the base of the convective envelope. Based on helioseismic inversions, the tachocline is known to be thin (less than 5% of the solar radius). Since the first theory of the solar tachocline in 1992, this thinness has not ceased to puzzle solar physicists. In this review, we lay out the grounds of our understanding of this fascinating region of the solar interior. We detail the various physical mechanisms at stake in the solar tachocline, and put a particular focus on the mechanisms that have been proposed to explain its thinness. We also examine the full range of MHD processes including waves and instabilities that are likely to occur in the tachocline, as well as their possible connection with active region patterns observed at the surface. We reflect on the most recent findings for each of them, and highlight the physical understanding that is still missing and that would allow the research community to understand, in a generic sense, how the solar tachocline and stellar tachocline are formed, are sustained, and evolve on secular timescales.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 8","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) On-Orbit Wind Observations: Data Analysis and Instrument Performance.","authors":"Christoph R Englert,&nbsp;John M Harlander,&nbsp;Kenneth D Marr,&nbsp;Brian J Harding,&nbsp;Jonathan J Makela,&nbsp;Tori Fae,&nbsp;Charles M Brown,&nbsp;M Venkat Ratnam,&nbsp;S Vijaya Bhaskara Rao,&nbsp;Thomas J Immel","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00971-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00971-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The design, principles of operation, calibration, and data analysis approaches of the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) on the NASA Ionospheric Connection (ICON) satellite have been documented prior to the ICON launch. Here we update and expand on the MIGHTI wind data analysis and discuss the on-orbit instrument performance. In particular, we show typical raw data and we describe key processing steps, including the correction of a \"signal-intensity dependent phase shift,\" which is necessitated by unexpected detector behavior. We describe a new zero-wind calibration approach that is preferred over the originally planned approach due to its higher precision. Similar to the original approach, the new approach is independent of any a priori data. A detailed update on the wind uncertainties is provided and compared to the mission requirements, showing that MIGHTI has met the ICON mission requirements. While MIGHTI observations are not required to produce absolute airglow brightness profiles, we describe a relative brightness profile product, which is included in the published data. We briefly review the spatial resolution of the MIGHTI wind data in addition to the data coverage and data gaps that occurred during the nominal mission. Finally, we include comparisons of the MIGHTI wind data with ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometer observations and meteor radar observations, updating previous studies with more recent data, again showing good agreement. The data processing steps covered in this work and all the derived wind data correspond to the MIGHTI data release Version 5 (v05).</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 3","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10079725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10036282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}