Space Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer.","authors":"Leigh N Fletcher, Thibault Cavalié, Davide Grassi, Ricardo Hueso, Luisa M Lara, Yohai Kaspi, Eli Galanti, Thomas K Greathouse, Philippa M Molyneux, Marina Galand, Claire Vallat, Olivier Witasse, Rosario Lorente, Paul Hartogh, François Poulet, Yves Langevin, Pasquale Palumbo, G Randall Gladstone, Kurt D Retherford, Michele K Dougherty, Jan-Erik Wahlund, Stas Barabash, Luciano Iess, Lorenzo Bruzzone, Hauke Hussmann, Leonid I Gurvits, Ondřej Santolik, Ivana Kolmasova, Georg Fischer, Ingo Müller-Wodarg, Giuseppe Piccioni, Thierry Fouchet, Jean-Claude Gérard, Agustin Sánchez-Lavega, Patrick G J Irwin, Denis Grodent, Francesca Altieri, Alessandro Mura, Pierre Drossart, Josh Kammer, Rohini Giles, Stéphanie Cazaux, Geraint Jones, Maria Smirnova, Emmanuel Lellouch, Alexander S Medvedev, Raphael Moreno, Ladislav Rezac, Athena Coustenis, Marc Costa","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00996-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-00996-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will provide a detailed investigation of the Jovian system in the 2030s, combining a suite of state-of-the-art instruments with an orbital tour tailored to maximise observing opportunities. We review the Jupiter science enabled by the JUICE mission, building on the legacy of discoveries from the Galileo, Cassini, and Juno missions, alongside ground- and space-based observatories. We focus on remote sensing of the climate, meteorology, and chemistry of the atmosphere and auroras from the cloud-forming weather layer, through the upper troposphere, into the stratosphere and ionosphere. The Jupiter orbital tour provides a wealth of opportunities for atmospheric and auroral science: global perspectives with its near-equatorial and inclined phases, sampling all phase angles from dayside to nightside, and investigating phenomena evolving on timescales from minutes to months. The remote sensing payload spans far-UV spectroscopy (50-210 nm), visible imaging (340-1080 nm), visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (0.49-5.56 μm), and sub-millimetre sounding (near 530-625 GHz and 1067-1275 GHz). This is coupled to radio, stellar, and solar occultation opportunities to explore the atmosphere at high vertical resolution; and radio and plasma wave measurements of electric discharges in the Jovian atmosphere and auroras. Cross-disciplinary scientific investigations enable JUICE to explore coupling processes in giant planet atmospheres, to show how the atmosphere is connected to (i) the deep circulation and composition of the hydrogen-dominated interior; and (ii) to the currents and charged particle environments of the external magnetosphere. JUICE will provide a comprehensive characterisation of the atmosphere and auroras of this archetypal giant planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 7","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41179955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Field Modeling and Visualization of the Europa Clipper Spacecraft.","authors":"Corey J Cochrane, Neil Murphy, Carol A Raymond, John B Biersteker, Katherine Dang, Xianzhe Jia, Haje Korth, Pablo Narvaez, Jodie B Ream, Benjamin P Weiss","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00974-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-00974-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of NASA's Europa Clipper Mission is to investigate the habitability of the subsurface ocean within the Jovian moon Europa using a suite of ten investigations. The Europa Clipper Magnetometer (ECM) and Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding (PIMS) investigations will be used in unison to characterize the thickness and electrical conductivity of Europa's subsurface ocean and the thickness of the ice shell by sensing the induced magnetic field, driven by the strong time-varying magnetic field of the Jovian environment. However, these measurements will be obscured by the magnetic field originating from the Europa Clipper spacecraft. In this work, a magnetic field model of the Europa Clipper spacecraft is presented, characterized with over 260 individual magnetic sources comprising various ferromagnetic and soft-magnetic materials, compensation magnets, solenoids, and dynamic electrical currents flowing within the spacecraft. This model is used to evaluate the magnetic field at arbitrary points around the spacecraft, notably at the locations of the three fluxgate magnetometer sensors and four Faraday cups which make up ECM and PIMS, respectively. The model is also used to evaluate the magnetic field uncertainty at these locations via a Monte Carlo approach. Furthermore, both linear and non-linear gradiometry fitting methods are presented to demonstrate the ability to reliably disentangle the spacecraft field from the ambient using an array of three fluxgate magnetometer sensors mounted along an 8.5-meter (m) long boom. The method is also shown to be useful for optimizing the locations of the magnetometer sensors along the boom. Finally, we illustrate how the model can be used to visualize the magnetic field lines of the spacecraft, thus providing very insightful information for each investigation.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11214-023-00974-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 4","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10220138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9710424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Europa's Habitability with the Europa Clipper.","authors":"Steven D Vance, Kathleen L Craft, Everett Shock, Britney E Schmidt, Jonathan Lunine, Kevin P Hand, William B McKinnon, Elizabeth M Spiers, Chase Chivers, Justin D Lawrence, Natalie Wolfenbarger, Erin J Leonard, Kirtland J Robinson, Marshall J Styczinski, Divya M Persaud, Gregor Steinbrügge, Mikhail Y Zolotov, Lynnae C Quick, Jennifer E C Scully, Tracy M Becker, Samuel M Howell, Roger N Clark, Andrew J Dombard, Christopher R Glein, Olivier Mousis, Mark A Sephton, Julie Castillo-Rogez, Francis Nimmo, Alfred S McEwen, Murthy S Gudipati, Insoo Jun, Xianzhe Jia, Frank Postberg, Krista M Soderlund, Catherine M Elder","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01025-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-01025-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The habitability of Europa is a property within a system, which is driven by a multitude of physical and chemical processes and is defined by many interdependent parameters, so that its full characterization requires collaborative investigation. To explore Europa as an integrated system to yield a complete picture of its habitability, the Europa Clipper mission has three primary science objectives: (1) characterize the ice shell and ocean including their heterogeneity, properties, and the nature of surface-ice-ocean exchange; (2) characterize Europa's composition including any non-ice materials on the surface and in the atmosphere, and any carbon-containing compounds; and (3) characterize Europa's geology including surface features and localities of high science interest. The mission will also address several cross-cutting science topics including the search for any current or recent activity in the form of thermal anomalies and plumes, performing geodetic and radiation measurements, and assessing high-resolution, co-located observations at select sites to provide reconnaissance for a potential future landed mission. Synthesizing the mission's science measurements, as well as incorporating remote observations by Earth-based observatories, the James Webb Space Telescope, and other space-based resources, to constrain Europa's habitability, is a complex task and is guided by the mission's Habitability Assessment Board (HAB).</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 8","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10687213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and Very Local Interstellar Medium by Interstellar Probe.","authors":"P C Brandt, E Provornikova, S D Bale, A Cocoros, R DeMajistre, K Dialynas, H A Elliott, S Eriksson, B Fields, A Galli, M E Hill, M Horanyi, T Horbury, S Hunziker, P Kollmann, J Kinnison, G Fountain, S M Krimigis, W S Kurth, J Linsky, C M Lisse, K E Mandt, W Magnes, R L McNutt, J Miller, E Moebius, P Mostafavi, M Opher, L Paxton, F Plaschke, A R Poppe, E C Roelof, K Runyon, S Redfield, N Schwadron, V Sterken, P Swaczyna, J Szalay, D Turner, H Vannier, R Wimmer-Schweingruber, P Wurz, E J Zirnstein","doi":"10.1007/s11214-022-00943-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-022-00943-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A detailed overview of the knowledge gaps in our understanding of the heliospheric interaction with the largely unexplored Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM) are provided along with predictions of with the scientific discoveries that await. The new measurements required to make progress in this expanding frontier of space physics are discussed and include in-situ plasma and pick-up ion measurements throughout the heliosheath, direct sampling of the VLISM properties such as elemental and isotopic composition, densities, flows, and temperatures of neutral gas, dust and plasma, and remote energetic neutral atom (ENA) and Lyman-alpha (LYA) imaging from vantage points that can uniquely discern the heliospheric shape and bring new information on the interaction with interstellar hydrogen. The implementation of a pragmatic Interstellar Probe mission with a nominal design life to reach 375 Astronomical Units (au) with likely operation out to 550 au are reported as a result of a 4-year NASA funded mission study.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 2","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9143709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Electric and Magnetic Fields Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS): Science, Data, and Usage Best Practices.","authors":"C A Kletzing,&nbsp;J Bortnik,&nbsp;G Hospodarsky,&nbsp;W S Kurth,&nbsp;O Santolik,&nbsp;C W Smitth,&nbsp;I W Christopher,&nbsp;D P Hartley,&nbsp;I Kolmasova,&nbsp;A Sen Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00973-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00973-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We provide a post-mission assessment of the science and data from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) investigation on the NASA Van Allen Probes mission. An overview of important scientific results is presented, covering all of the key wave modes and DC magnetic fields measured by EMFISIS. Discussion of the data products, which are publicly available, follows to provide users with guidance on characteristics and known issues of the measurements. We present guidance on the correct use of derived products, in particular, the wave-normal analysis (WNA) which yields fundamental wave properties such as polarization, ellipticity, and Poynting flux. We also give information about the plasma density derived from measuring the upper hybrid line in the inner magnetosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 4","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10129970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9392446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Study of Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection.","authors":"H Ji, J Yoo, W Fox, M Yamada, M Argall, J Egedal, Y-H Liu, R Wilder, S Eriksson, W Daughton, K Bergstedt, S Bose, J Burch, R Torbert, J Ng, L-J Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01024-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-01024-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A concise review is given on the past two decades' results from laboratory experiments on collisionless magnetic reconnection in direct relation with space measurements, especially by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Highlights include spatial structures of electromagnetic fields in ion and electron diffusion regions as a function of upstream symmetry and guide field strength, energy conversion and partitioning from magnetic field to ions and electrons including particle acceleration, electrostatic and electromagnetic kinetic plasma waves with various wavelengths, and plasmoid-mediated multiscale reconnection. Combined with the progress in theoretical, numerical, and observational studies, the physics foundation of fast reconnection in collisionless plasmas has been largely established, at least within the parameter ranges and spatial scales that were studied. Immediate and long-term future opportunities based on multiscale experiments and space missions supported by exascale computation are discussed, including dissipation by kinetic plasma waves, particle heating and acceleration, and multiscale physics across fluid and kinetic scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 8","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10651714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138462722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Flight Performance of the Far Ultraviolet Instrument (FUV) on ICON.","authors":"H U Frey,&nbsp;S B Mende,&nbsp;R R Meier,&nbsp;U Kamaci,&nbsp;J M Urco,&nbsp;F Kamalabadi,&nbsp;S L England,&nbsp;T J Immel","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00969-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00969-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) was launched in October 2019 and has been observing the upper atmosphere and ionosphere to understand the sources of their strong variability, to understand the energy and momentum transfer, and to determine how the solar wind and magnetospheric effects modify the internally-driven atmosphere-space system. The Far Ultraviolet Instrument (FUV) supports these goals by observing the ultraviolet airglow in day and night, determining the atmospheric and ionospheric composition and density distribution. Based on the combination of ground calibration and flight data, this paper describes how major instrument parameters have been verified or refined since launch, how science data are collected, and how the instrument has performed over the first 3 years of the science mission. It also provides a brief summary of science results obtained so far.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 3","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Flight Performance of the ICON EUV Spectrograph.","authors":"Eric J Korpela,&nbsp;Martin M Sirk,&nbsp;Jerry Edelstein,&nbsp;Jason B McPhate,&nbsp;Richard M Tuminello,&nbsp;Andrew W Stephan,&nbsp;Scott L England,&nbsp;Thomas J Immel","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00963-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00963-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present in-flight performance measurements of the Ionospheric Connection Explorer EUV spectrometer, <i>ICON EUV</i>, a wide field ( <math><msup><mn>17</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> <mo>×</mo> <msup><mn>12</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> ) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrograph designed to observe the lower ionosphere at tangent altitudes between 100 and 500 km. The primary targets of the spectrometer, which has a spectral range of 54-88 nm, are the Oii emission lines at 61.6 nmand 83.4 nm. In flight calibration and performance measurement has shown that the instrument has met all of the science performance requirements. We discuss the observed and expected changes in the instrument performance due to microchannel plate charge depletion, and how these changes were tracked over the first two years of flight. This paper shows raw data products from this instrument. A parallel paper (Stephan et al. in Space Sci. Rev. 218:63, 2022) in this volume discusses the use of these raw products to determine O⁺ density profiles versus altitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 3","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10050024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Environment, Radiation, Structure, and Evolution of the Uranian System (PERSEUS): A Dedicated Orbiter Mission Concept to Study Space Physics at Uranus.","authors":"Ian J Cohen,&nbsp;Evan J Smith,&nbsp;George B Clark,&nbsp;Drew L Turner,&nbsp;Donald H Ellison,&nbsp;Ben Clare,&nbsp;Leonardo H Regoli,&nbsp;Peter Kollmann,&nbsp;Daniel T Gallagher,&nbsp;G Allan Holtzman,&nbsp;Justin J Likar,&nbsp;Takeshi Morizono,&nbsp;Matthew Shannon,&nbsp;Kimberly S Vodusek","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01013-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-01013-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Plasma Environment, Radiation, Structure, and Evolution of the Uranian System (PERSEUS) mission concept defines the feasibility and potential scope of a dedicated, standalone Heliophysics orbiter mission to study multiple space physics science objectives at Uranus. Uranus's complex and dynamic magnetosphere presents a unique laboratory to study magnetospheric physics as well as its coupling to the solar wind and the planet's atmosphere, satellites, and rings. From the planet's tilted and offset, rapidly-rotating non-dipolar magnetic field to its seasonally-extreme interactions with the solar wind to its unexpectedly intense electron radiation belts, Uranus hosts a range of outstanding and compelling mysteries relevant to the space physics community. While the exploration of planets other than Earth has largely fallen within the purview of NASA's Planetary Science Division, many targets, like Uranus, also hold immense scientific value and interest to NASA's Heliophysics Division. Exploring and understanding Uranus's magnetosphere is critical to make fundamental gains in magnetospheric physics and the understanding of potential exoplanetary systems and to test the validity of our knowledge of magnetospheric dynamics, moon-magnetosphere interactions, magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, and solar wind-planetary coupling. The PERSEUS mission concept study, currently at Concept Maturity Level (CML) 4, comprises a feasible payload that provides closure to a range of space physics science objectives in a reliable and mature spacecraft and mission design architecture. The mission is able to close using only a single Mod-1 Next-Generation Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (NG-RTG) by leveraging a concept of operations that relies of a significant hibernation mode for a large portion of its 22-day orbit.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 8","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49692406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psyche Magnetometry Investigation.","authors":"Benjamin P Weiss, José M G Merayo, Jodie B Ream, Rona Oran, Peter Brauer, Corey J Cochrane, Kyle Cloutier, Linda T Elkins-Tanton, John L Jørgensen, Clara Maurel, Ryan S Park, Carol A Polanskey, Maria de Soria Santacruz-Pich, Carol A Raymond, Christopher T Russell, Daniel Wenkert, Mark A Wieczorek, Maria T Zuber","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00965-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-023-00965-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the Psyche Magnetometry Investigation is to test the hypothesis that asteroid (16) Psyche formed from the core of a differentiated planetesimal. To address this, the Psyche Magnetometer will measure the magnetic field around the asteroid to search for evidence of remanent magnetization. Paleomagnetic measurements of meteorites and dynamo theory indicate that a diversity of planetesimals once generated dynamo magnetic fields in their metallic cores. Likewise, the detection of a strong magnetic moment ( <math><mo>></mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>14</mn></mrow> </msup> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mtext>Am</mtext> <mn>2</mn></msup> </math> ) at Psyche would likely indicate that the body once generated a core dynamo, implying that it formed by igneous differentiation. The Psyche Magnetometer consists of two three-axis fluxgate Sensor Units (SUs) mounted 0.7 m apart along a 2.15-m long boom and connected to two Electronics Units (EUs) located within the spacecraft bus. The Magnetometer samples at up to 50 Hz, has a range of <math><mo>±</mo> <mn>80</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>000</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mtext>nT</mtext></math> , and an instrument noise of <math><mn>39</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mtext>pT</mtext> <mspace></mspace> <msup><mtext>axis</mtext> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </msup> <mspace></mspace> <mn>3</mn> <mi>σ</mi></math> integrated over 0.1 to 1 Hz. The two pairs of SUs and EUs provide redundancy and enable gradiometry measurements to suppress noise from flight system magnetic fields. The Magnetometer will be powered on soon after launch and acquire data for the full duration of the mission. The ground data system processes the Magnetometer measurements to obtain an estimate of Psyche's dipole moment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"219 3","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}