Space Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Potential Solar Precursors to Magnetic Switchbacks.","authors":"Durgesh Tripathi, Maria S Madjarska, Judy Karpen, Marco Velli, Clara Froment, Etienne Pariat, Spiros Patsourakos, Nour E Raouafi, Alexis P Rouillard, Alphonse C Sterling, Kostas Tziotziou, Peter F Wyper","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01312-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01312-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The origin of magnetic switchbacks-large-amplitude, spherically polarized magnetic-field fluctuations with local polarity inversions shown to be nearly ubiquitous in the inner heliosphere by Parker Solar Probe-is presently one of the most outstanding open questions in solar and heliospheric science. The occurrence of these structures in the young solar wind is a topic of active research, focusing not only on their characteristics and evolution but also on unraveling the puzzle of their origin. We first discuss the potential influence on switchback (SB) formation of large-scale coronal dynamics and restructuring processes that shape and regulate the extended solar corona. Following that, we review the dynamics, physical properties, occurrence rate, and energetics of numerous possible precursor small-scale dynamic events that occur throughout the solar atmosphere, emphasizing their possible roles in creating SBs. Finally, we discuss some recent studies attempting to connect in situ observations of SBs and SB patches with remote-sensing observations, and the related challenges in identifying solar wind source regions precisely and linking in situ observations to transient solar phenomena. We also clarify the terminology used by the solar community to describe small-scale solar phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 5","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What the Solar System Can Teach Us About Rocky Exoplanets.","authors":"Paul K Byrne, Claire Marie Guimond, Peter A Cawood, Michael J Way, Doris Breuer, Tilman Spohn, João C Duarte, Diogo L Lourenço, Francesca Miozzi, Maëlis Arnould, Nicolas Coltice, Stephanie L Olson","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01325-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01325-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of rocky extrasolar planets being discovered continues to increase, but so too does the apparent diversity of such worlds. As we work to understand the likely bulk properties and thermal, geological, and climatological attributes we might expect of rocky exoplanets, we can look to the Solar System for guidance. Here, we review the interior, surface, and atmospheric characteristics of modern Earth, and discuss how our homeworld has changed through Solar System history. We then visit in turn Venus, Mars, Mercury and Earth's Moon, and Io, noting how these terrestrial planets are alike, how they are different, and how they have evolved through time. Finally, we consider some examples of the types of rocky worlds known or suspected to exist without direct Solar System counterparts-but we argue that even then, for all the variety we might expect, they are still variations on a common theme. Perhaps the most important lesson the Solar System can teach us is that terrestrial bodies change through time, sometimes dramatically, and that rocky worlds of similar size and mass can have vastly different planetary outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 6","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148956414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The IMAP-Ultra Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imager.","authors":"Matina Gkioulidou, G B Clark, D G Mitchell, A R Dupont, K L Anderson, S Begley, M Bzowski, E R Christian, C E Cook, A B Crew, M J Cully, R DeMajistre, T J Diaz, R J Drexler, N T Dutton, C J Gingrich, J R Hayes, C M Huber, J Hutcheson, S E Jaskulek, P Kollmann, M T LeBlanc, J Lees, D J McComas, K S Nelson, C W Parker, D B Reisenfeld, E A Rollend, C E Schlemm, N A Schwadron, R Verrill, J Yen, J Yin","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01256-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01256-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NASA's Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP), a spinner spacecraft in orbit around L1, is taking in situ observations of thermal, pickup, and energetic particles, while simultaneously remotely sensing the effects that these particles have in the outer heliosphere, by measuring Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENA) emissions produced by neutralized energetic ions when they charge exchange with interstellar neutral particles in that region. The IMAP-Ultra instrument (Ultra), one of the three ENA imagers on IMAP, measures the emission of the highest energy ENAs produced in the heliosheath and beyond. Ultra consists of two sensors with one sensor angled at 90° (Ultra₉₀) and the other at 45° (Ultra₄₅) from the spacecraft's spin axis. Ultra was designed and optimized to measure hydrogen (H) ENAs from 5 - 40 keV, but the sensors have been demonstrated to measure H from ∼3 - 300 keV. Additionally, Ultra's large ∼96° × 120° field of view (FoV) is capable of achieving angular resolutions ≤ 6° FWHM for ≥ 10 keV for H ENAs. Ultra provides high spatial resolution, full heliosphere maps, detecting changes in the spatial distribution of ENAs, on time scales sufficient to track both solar cycle as well as other major variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12738616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport of Electrons in Tangled Magnetic Fields.","authors":"Daniel Verscharen, Natasha Jeffrey, Anton Artemyev, Jesse T Coburn, Matthew W Kunz, Oreste Pezzi, Mario Riquelme, Ida Svenningsson, Lynn B Wilson Iii","doi":"10.1007/s11214-026-01303-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-026-01303-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cosmic magnetic fields are typically inhomogeneous and often highly tangled due to large-scale plasma flows, turbulence, and instabilities. If the variations in the magnetic field occur on scales that are large compared to the gyro-radius of the plasma electrons, the electrons are primarily confined to gyro-centre trajectories along the field lines. Therefore, in-situ electron measurements help us map out the connectivity of the magnetic field in space plasmas. Gyro-centre drifts, wave-particle interactions, trapping, and cross-field diffusion are processes related to field inhomogeneities and fluctuations; they have the potential to modify or even disrupt the transport of electrons along field lines. We introduce the basic principles of electron transport in tangled magnetic fields and review the creation of tangled fields through turbulence and instabilities as well as the modulation of parallel electron transport through kinetic instabilities. We then describe trapping and de-trapping effects in inhomogeneous magnetic fields, as well as electron diffusion and energisation across the magnetic field. The transport of electrons in tangled fields results from a complex interplay of plasma processes that occur on a broad range of scales. A combination of in-situ plasma measurements, remote-sensing plasma observations, and plasma theory and simulations is required to resolve this contemporary challenge to the fields of heliophysics and astrophysics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"222 4","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13198509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148017324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric Fields and Waves in the Venus Nightside Magnetosphere.","authors":"F S Mozer, A V Agapitov, S D Bale, J W Bonnell, M Pulupa, T Quinn, A Voshchepynets","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01242-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01242-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On November 6, 2024, the Parker Solar Probe flew past Venus to make the first accurate electric field measurement in the nightside Venusian magnetosphere. To achieve this result, the electric field antennas were current biased in a way never before experienced by an electric field detector at Venus. This biasing requirement, that the positive bias current in the Venus shadow be about equal to the electron thermal current, is discussed and illustrated. About one minute of useful electric field data in the eight minute nightside magnetosphere crossing was obtained, during which the only feature observed was a few Hz signal. This result, along with the magnetic field measurements, showed that there were few if any electromagnetic waves, such as low frequency electromagnetic turbulence or whistlers, in the nightside crossing. Instead, a few Hertz, purely electrostatic signal was found. This suggests that the interaction of the solar wind with an unmagnetized body having an ionosphere may be different from that of previously studied magnetized bodies. In the sunlit flanks, many electromagnetic wave modes were observed. An additional result of this research is development of an improved algorithm for biasing electric field antennas in the Sun's shadow which improves on guessing the bias current as done in this research.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 8","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12605464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Perspectives on Solid-Phase Astrochemistry: Laboratory, Computation, and Open Questions.","authors":"Matthew D Dickers, Duncan V Mifsud, Nigel J Mason, Felipe Fantuzzi","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01228-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01228-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides an outline of the key processes behind the formation of dust grains in the interstellar medium, the growth of thin ice mantles upon their surface, and their impact on the chemistry that can take place at the centre of cold molecular clouds. These dust grains provide a vital surface to catalyse complex chemistry, without which many of the complex molecules now observed in the interstellar medium could not form. We highlight the experimental methodology by which ice analogues may be grown and analysed in a laboratory setting, as well as their shortcomings; in particular, the limitations on experimental deposition timescales that present a particular problem when compared to the accretion rates in the interstellar medium. Potential solutions to these constraints are underscored through computational simulations, with particular emphasis on the impact that newly emerging multiscale methods may have on future models of ice mantle formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 8","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12589280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145483001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Reconnection in Space: An Introduction.","authors":"J L Burch, Rumi Nakamura","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01145-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01145-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An International Space Science Institute (ISSI) workshop was convened to assess recent rapid advances in studies of magnetic reconnection made possible by the NASA Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission and to place them in context with concurrent advances in solar physics by the Parker Solar Probe, astrophysics, planetary science and laboratory plasma physics. The review papers resulting from this study focus primarily on results obtained by MMS, and these papers are complemented by reports of advances in magnetic reconnection physics in these other plasma environments. This paper introduces the topical collection \"Magnetic Reconnection: Explosive Energy Conversion in Space Plasmas\", in particular introducing the new capabilities of the MMS mission used in majority of the articles in the collection and briefly summarizing the advances obtained from MMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamentals of Interior Modelling and Challenges in the Interpretation of Observed Rocky Exoplanets.","authors":"Philipp Baumeister, Francesca Miozzi, Claire Marie Guimond, Marie-Luise Steinmeyer, Caroline Dorn, Shun-Ichiro Karato, Émeline Bolmont, Alexandre Revol, Alexander Thamm, Lena Noack","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01248-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01248-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most our knowledge about rocky exoplanets is based on their measure of mass and radius. These two parameters are routinely measured and are used to categorise different populations of observed exoplanets. They are also tightly linked to the planet's properties, in particular those of the interior. As such they offer the unique opportunity to interpret the observations and potentially infer the planet's chemistry and structure. Required for the interpretation are models of planetary interiors, calculated a priori, constrained using other available data, and based on the physiochemical properties of mineralogical phases. This article offers an overview of the current knowledge about exoplanet interiors, the fundamental aspects and tools for interior modelling and how to improve the contraints on the models, along with a discussion on the sources of uncertainty. The origin and fate of volatiles, and their role in planetary evolution is discussed. The chemistry and structure of planetary interiors have a pivotal role in the thermal evolution of planets and the development of large scale properties that might become observables with future space missions and ground-based surveys. As such, having reliable and well constrained interior models is of the utmost importance for the advancement of the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 8","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12675577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUDA: A SUrface Dust Analyser for Compositional Mapping of the Galilean Moon Europa.","authors":"Sascha Kempf, Scott Tucker, Nicolas Altobelli, Christelle Briois, Morgan L Cable, Eberhard Grün, Murthy S Gudipati, Bryana L Henderson, Hsian-Wen Hsu, Kevin Hand, Mihaly Horanyi, Frank Postberg, Jürgen Schmidt, Ralf Srama, Zoltan Sternovsky, Gabriel Tobie, Mikhail Y Zolotov, Chris Belting, Susan Bortfeldt, Jordy Bouwman, Nat Brennan, Karen Bryant, Timothy Cassidy, David Crotser, Alexandra Curtin, Elz DeVito, Donrich Ebuen, Nat Faber, Melanie Fisher, John Fontanese, Maxwell Fowle, Wendy Frank, Scott Gurst, Sally Haselschwardt, Vaughn Hoxie, Karl Hubbell, David James, Mark Kien, Scott Knappmiller, Rick Kohnert, Alexander Lampe, Mark Lankton, Sean Lev-Tov, Crystal McGinn, Marc Miller, Gregory Newcomb, Samuel Oberg, Leela O'Brien, Kathrine Pilewskie, Shawn Polson, Victoria Scarffe-Barrett, David Summers, Stacy Wade, Alexandria Ware, Alan Yehle, Corinne Wuerthner, Adrian Garcia Arteaga, Bogdan Oaida, Chad Eberl, Polly Fitton, William Goode, Zuni Levin, Gwyneth Lowry, Jared Stanley, Anthony Tracy, Zach Ulibarri, Ethan Williams, Camille Yoke, Ben S Southworth, Jonathan K Hillier, Nozair Khawaja, Fabian Klenner, Maryse Napoleoni, Jonas Simolka, Jason Sioeng","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01134-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01134-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Surface Dust Analyser (SUDA) is a mass spectrometer onboard the Europa Clipper mission for investigating the surface composition of the Galilean moon Europa. Atmosphereless planetary moons such as the Galilean satellites are wrapped into a ballistic dust exosphere populated by tiny samples from the moon's surface produced by impacts of fast micrometeoroids. SUDA will measure the composition of such surface ejecta during close flybys of Europa to obtain key chemical signatures for revealing the satellite's composition such as organic molecules and salts, history, and geological evolution. Because of their ballistic orbits, detected ejecta can be traced back to the surface with a spatial resolution roughly equal to the instantaneous altitude of the spacecraft. SUDA is a Time-Of-Flight (TOF), reflectron-type impact mass spectrometer, optimized for a high mass resolution which only weakly depends on the impact location. The instrument will measure the mass, speed, charge, elemental, molecular, and isotopic composition of impacting grains. The instrument's small size of <math><mn>268</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mi>mm</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mn>250</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mi>mm</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mn>171</mn></math> <math><mspace></mspace> <mi>mm</mi></math> , radiation-hard design, and rather large sensitive area of 220 cm² matches well the challenging demands of the Clipper mission.</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation Models for Exploring Magnetic Reconnection.","authors":"Michael Shay, Subash Adhikari, Naoki Beesho, Joachim Birn, Jörg Büchner, Paul Cassak, Li-Jen Chen, Yuxi Chen, Giulia Cozzani, James Drake, Fan Guo, Michael Hesse, Neeraj Jain, Yann Pfau-Kempf, Yu Lin, Yi-Hsin Liu, Mitsuo Oka, Yuri Omelchenko, Minna Palmroth, Oreste Pezzi, Patricia H Reiff, Marc Swisdak, Frank Toffoletto, Gabor Toth, Richard A Wolf","doi":"10.1007/s11214-025-01210-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11214-025-01210-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simulations have played a critical role in the advancement of our knowledge of magnetic reconnection. However, due to the inherently multiscale nature of reconnection, it is impossible to simulate all physics at all scales. For this reason, a wide range of simulation methods have been crafted to study particular aspects and consequences of magnetic reconnection. This article reviews many of these methods, laying out critical assumptions, numerical techniques, and giving examples of scientific results. Plasma models described include magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Hall MHD, Hybrid, kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC), kinetic Vlasov, Fluid models with embedded PIC, Fluid models with direct feedback from energetic populations, and the Rice Convection Model (RCM).</p>","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"221 6","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12420772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}