Space Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Observationally Guided Models for the Solar Dynamo and the Role of the Surface Field","authors":"Robert H. Cameron, Manfred Schüssler","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01004-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01004-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Theoretical models for the solar dynamo range from simple low-dimensional “toy models” to complex 3D-MHD simulations. Here we mainly discuss appproaches that are motivated and guided by solar (and stellar) observations. We give a brief overview of the evolution of solar dynamo models since 1950s, focussing upon the development of the Babcock–Leighton approach between its introduction in the 1960s and its revival in the 1990s after being long overshadowed by mean-field turbulent dynamo theory. We summarize observations and simple theoretical deliberations that demonstrate the crucial role of the surface fields in the dynamo process and give quantitative analyses of the generation and loss of toroidal flux in the convection zone as well as of the production of poloidal field resulting from flux emergence at the surface. Furthermore, we discuss possible nonlinearities in the dynamo process suggested by observational results and present models for the long-term variability of solar activity motivated by observations of magnetically active stars and the inherent randomness of the dynamo process.","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135948524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turbulent Processes and Mean-Field Dynamo","authors":"Axel Brandenburg, Detlef Elstner, Youhei Masada, Valery Pipin","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00999-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00999-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mean-field dynamo theory has important applications in solar physics and galactic magnetism. We discuss some of the many turbulence effects relevant to the generation of large-scale magnetic fields in the solar convection zone. The mean-field description is then used to illustrate the physics of the $alpha $ <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:math> effect, turbulent pumping, turbulent magnetic diffusivity, and other effects on a modern solar dynamo model. We also discuss how turbulence transport coefficients are derived from local simulations of convection and then used in mean-field models.","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stellar Activity Cycles","authors":"Sandra V. Jeffers, René Kiefer, Travis S. Metcalfe","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-01000-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-01000-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The magnetic field of the Sun is generated by internal dynamo process with a cyclic period of 11 years or a 22 year magnetic cycle. The signatures of the Sun’s magnetic cycle are observed in the different layers of its atmosphere and in its internal layers. In this review, we use the same diagnostics to understand the magnetic cycles of other stars with the same internal structure as the Sun. We review what is currently known about mapping the surface magnetic fields, chromospheric and coronal indicators, cycles in photometry and asteroseismology. We conclude our review with an outlook for the future.","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magma Ocean, Water, and the Early Atmosphere of Venus","authors":"Arnaud Salvador, Guillaume Avice, Doris Breuer, Cédric Gillmann, Helmut Lammer, Emmanuel Marcq, Sean N. Raymond, Haruka Sakuraba, Manuel Scherf, M. J. Way","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00995-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00995-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current state and surface conditions of the Earth and its twin planet Venus are drastically different. Whether these differences are directly inherited from the earliest stages of planetary evolution, when the interior was molten, or arose later during the long-term evolution is still unclear. Yet, it is clear that water, its abundance, state, and distribution between the different planetary reservoirs, which are intimately related to the solidification and outgassing of the early magma ocean, are key components regarding past and present-day habitability, planetary evolution, and the different pathways leading to various surface conditions. In this chapter we start by reviewing the outcomes of the accretion sequence, with particular emphasis on the sources and timing of water delivery in light of available constraints, and the initial thermal state of Venus at the end of the main accretion. Then, we detail the processes at play during the early thermo-chemical evolution of molten terrestrial planets, and how they can affect the abundance and distribution of water within the different planetary reservoirs. Namely, we focus on the magma ocean cooling, solidification, and concurrent formation of the outgassed atmosphere. Accounting for the possible range of parameters for early Venus and based on the mechanisms and feedbacks described, we provide an overview of the likely evolutionary pathways leading to diverse surface conditions, from a temperate to a hellish early Venus. The implications of the resulting surface conditions and habitability are discussed in the context of the subsequent long-term interior and atmospheric evolution. Future research directions and observations are proposed to constrain the different scenarios in order to reconcile Venus’ early evolution with its current state, while deciphering which path it followed.","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogy of the Venus Surface","authors":"Martha S. Gilmore, M. Darby Dyar, Nils Mueller, Jérémy Brossier, Alison R. Santos, Mikhail Ivanov, Richard Ghail, Justin Filiberto, Jörn Helbert","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00988-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00988-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surface mineralogy records the primary composition, climate history and the geochemical cycling between the surface and atmosphere. We have not yet directly measured mineralogy on the Venus surface in situ, but a variety of independent investigations yield a basic understanding of surface composition and weathering reactions in the present era where rocks react under a supercritical atmosphere dominated by CO 2 , N 2 and SO 2 at ∼460 °C and 92 bars. The primary composition of the volcanic plains that cover ∼80% of the surface is inferred to be basaltic, as measured by the 7 Venera and Vega landers and consistent with morphology. These landers also recorded elevated SO 3 values, low rock densities and spectral signatures of hematite consistent with chemical weathering under an oxidizing environment. Thermodynamic modeling and laboratory experiments under present day atmospheric conditions predict and demonstrate reactions where Fe, Ca, Na in rocks react primarily with S species to form sulfates, sulfides and oxides. Variations in surface emissivity at ∼1 μm detected by the VIRTIS instrument on the Venus Express orbiter are spatially correlated to geologic terrains. Laboratory measurements of the near-infrared (NIR) emissivity of geologic materials at Venus surface temperatures confirms theoretical predictions that 1 μm emissivity is directly related to Fe 2+ content in minerals. These data reveal regions of high emissivity that may indicate unweathered and recently erupted basalts and low emissivity associated with tessera terrain that may indicate felsic materials formed during a more clement era. Magellan radar emissivity also constrain mineralogy as this parameter is inversely related to the type and volume of high dielectric minerals, likely to have formed due to surface/atmosphere reactions. The observation of both viscous and low viscosity volcanic flows in Magellan images may also be related to composition. The global NIR emissivity and high-resolution radar and topography collected by the VERITAS, EnVision and DAVINCI missions will provide a revolutionary advancement of these methods and our understanding of Venus mineralogy. Critically, these datasets must be supported with both laboratory experiments to constrain the style and rate weathering reactions and laboratory measurements of their NIR emissivity and radar characteristics at Venus conditions.","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial to “Surface-Bounded Exospheres and Interactions in the Inner Solar System”","authors":"Anna Milillo, Menelaos Sarantos, Go Murakami, Ben D. Teolis, Peter Wurz","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00998-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00998-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Directions for the Investigation of Surface-Bounded Exospheres in the Inner Solar System","authors":"Anna Milillo, Menelaos Sarantos, Cesare Grava, Diego Janches, Helmut Lammer, Francois Leblanc, Norbert Schorghofer, Peter Wurz, Benjamin D. Teolis, Go Murakami","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00994-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00994-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Surface-bounded exospheres result from complex interactions between the planetary environment and the rocky body’s surface. Different drivers including photons, ion, electrons, and the meteoroid populations impacting the surfaces of different bodies must be considered when investigating the generation of such an exosphere. Exospheric observations of different kinds of species, i.e., volatiles or refractories, alkali metals, or water group species, provide clues to the processes at work, to the drivers, to the surface properties, and to the release efficiencies. This information allows the investigation on how the bodies evolved and will evolve; moreover, it allows us to infer which processes are dominating in different environments. In this review we focus on unanswered questions and measurements needed to gain insights into surface release processes, drivers, and exosphere characterizations. Future opportunities offered by upcoming space missions, ground-based observations, and new directions for modelling are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135304665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Validation of the Ionospheric Vertical Drift Measurements Based on ICON/IVM, Swarm, and the Ground-Based Radar at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory","authors":"Yen-Jung J. Wu, Stephen B. Mende, B. Harding, P. Alken, Astrid Maute, T. Immel","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00993-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00993-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45394497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Europa Clipper Magnetometer","authors":"M. Kivelson, X. Jia, Karen A. Lee, C. Raymond, K. Khurana, Mitchell O. Perley, J. Biersteker, J. Blacksberg, Ryan Caron, C. Cochrane, Olivia R. Dawson, Camilla D. K. Harris, Jonathan E. Jones, Steven Joy, H. Korth, Jiang Liu, Elham Maghsoudi, Neil Murphy, David Parsley, D. Pierce, C. Racho, Ingo Richter, Christopher T. Russell, Sarah Sherman, R. Strangeway, Mickey Villarreal, B. Weiss, Lee Wigglesworth","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00989-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00989-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46618856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) On-Orbit Wind Observations: Data Analysis and Instrument Performance","authors":"C. Englert, J. Harlander, K. Marr, B. Harding, J. Makela, Tori Fae, Charles M. Brown, M. Ratnam, S. Rao, T. Immel","doi":"10.1007/s11214-023-00997-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00997-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21902,"journal":{"name":"Space Science Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46765853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}