Pediatric Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Prenatal Bisphenol A Exposure and Sex-Differentiated Childhood BMI Over Time: A Longitudinal Korean Cohort Study","authors":"Youn-Hee Lim,&nbsp;Yun-Chul Hong,&nbsp;Yun Jeong Lee,&nbsp;Choong Ho Shin,&nbsp;Dongwook Lee,&nbsp;Bung-Nyun Kim,&nbsp;Johanna Inhyang Kim,&nbsp;Young Ah Lee","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, may influence childhood obesity. Evidence on sex-specific effects remains inconsistent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 528 mother–child pairs from a Korean birth cohort. Maternal urinary BPA concentrations were measured during mid-pregnancy. Children's BMI and BMI Z-score were assessed at ages 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years. Associations were estimated using linear and mixed-effects models, stratified by sex and adjusted for maternal and child covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean maternal BPA concentration was 2.3 μg/g creatinine. BPA exposure was positively associated with BMI and BMI Z-score in boys but negatively associated in girls. At age 10, this divergence was most apparent. Mixed-effects models showed a 0.13 kg/m² (95% CI: 0.01, 0.25) increase in BMI among boys and a 0.20 kg/m² (95% CI: −0.32, −0.08) decrease among girls per 1-unit increase in log-transformed BPA. Similar patterns were observed for BMI <i>Z</i>-score.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prenatal BPA exposure exhibited sexually dimorphic associations with BMI from early childhood to age 10. These findings underscore the importance of considering sex-specific effects in environmental health research and support policies to reduce BPA exposure during pregnancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in School-Aged Adolescents","authors":"Luana de Oliveira Leite,&nbsp;Mônica Leila Portela de Santana,&nbsp;Nadjane Ferreira Damascena,&nbsp;Jacqueline Costa Dias Pitangueira,&nbsp;Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and its version adapted for children (C-DII) have emerged as promising tools to estimate the inflammatory potential of the diet and to enhance the understanding of the relationship between subclinical chronic inflammation and cardiometabolic risk during adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the associations of DII and C-DII with cardiometabolic risk indicators in adolescent students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study was conducted with 552 adolescents aged 10–17 years (66% girls; mean age: 13.6 ± 1.7 years). DII scores ranged from −1.34 to 5.04 (median: 2.62) and C-DII scores ranged from −1.99 to 4.39 (median: 1.96) and were categorised as anti-inflammatory diets (below the median) and pro-inflammatory diets (above the median). Outcomes included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and blood pressure. Multilevel linear regression was applied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents with a pro-inflammatory diet (above the C-DII median) had a higher mean BMI (<i>β</i> = 0.97 kg/m²; 95% CI: 0.02; 1.92). Among girls, higher mean BMI values were observed for both DII (<i>β</i> = 1.29 kg/m²) and C-DII (<i>β</i> = 1.38 kg/m²). Among those &gt; 14 years, pro-inflammatory diets were associated with higher BMI (<i>β</i> = 2.16 kg/m²), WC (<i>β</i> = 3.73 cm) and WHtR (<i>β</i> = 0.03) for both indices. No associations were observed with blood pressure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pro-inflammatory diets were positively associated with higher adiposity, especially among girls and older adolescents. Early dietary interventions may help reduce lifetime cardiometabolic risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Body Mass Index Polygenic Risk Score (BMI-PRS) in a Paediatric Population With Obesity","authors":"Julian Gomahr,&nbsp;Wanda Lauth,&nbsp;Lea Süßenbacher,&nbsp;Max Bergauer,&nbsp;Lotte Forer,&nbsp;Julian Eberhardt,&nbsp;Dagmar Schaffler-Schaden,&nbsp;Raphael Reiter,&nbsp;Katharina Mörwald,&nbsp;Patrick Langthaler,&nbsp;Bernhard Iglseder,&nbsp;Bernhard Paulweber,&nbsp;Maria Flamm,&nbsp;Elmar Aigner,&nbsp;Eugen Trinka,&nbsp;Andrea Bito,&nbsp;Tobias Kiesslich,&nbsp;Ludmilla Kedenko,&nbsp;Bernhard Wernly,&nbsp;Daniel Weghuber","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polygenic risk scores (PRS) stratify obesity risk in population cohorts, but their value within specialised paediatric obesity clinics—where genetic liability may already be saturated—remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 246 European adolescents with overweight and obesity (mean ± SD age 13.3 ± 2.2 years; 51% female; BMI 31.6 ± 4.1 kg/m²) attending a tertiary clinic in Salzburg, Austria. BMI-PRS based on people with European ancestry (PGS000027) and two cardiometabolic PRS (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR], type 2 diabetes [T2D]) were computed from Axiom-array genotypes. Distributions were compared with a population-based adult cohort from the same region (<i>n</i> = 2044). Associations with BMI, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and oral-glucose-tolerance parameters were examined by linear and logistic regression adjusted for age and sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The adolescent cohort showed a right-shifted BMI-PRS distribution; the lowest quintile exceeded the adult mean (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Within the clinic sample, BMI-PRS neither correlated with BMI (<i>r</i> = −0.11; 95% CI −0.23 to 0.02) nor predicted other parameters investigated. PRS for HOMA-IR and T2D showed similarly null associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a genetically enriched clinical cohort, polygenic scores lose discriminatory power, delineating their optimal use for population screening rather than intra-clinic risk stratification. These data underscore the strong hereditary architecture of paediatric obesity and support context-specific application of precision-medicine tools.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Niacin Intake, Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Paediatric Patients: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","authors":"Kaela Ellis,&nbsp;Anjile An,&nbsp;Melissa Rose,&nbsp;Aliza Solomon","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the association between niacin intake, paediatric obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a diverse, large-scale population in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020, including participants aged 12–19 years. Dietary niacin intake was assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls, with intake calculated as the average of both recalls. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) was defined as hepatic steatosis plus at least one metabolic risk factor, including obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or hypertension. Hepatic steatosis was identified using hepatic elastography (CAP ≥ 248 dB/m) or self-reported diagnosis. Participants lacking niacin or anthropometric data were excluded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Niacin intake was significantly lower in individuals with MASLD compared to those without (22 mg vs. 24 mg, <i>p</i> = 0.023). After adjusting for age, sex and race/ethnicity, individuals in the highest quartile of niacin intake (Q4) had significantly lower odds of MASLD (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.86) compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1). Hispanic ethnicity remained an independent risk factor (OR 2.35, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Adolescents with MASLD had significantly higher BMI measures, diastolic blood pressure, liver enzymes and glucose metabolism markers (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Lipid profiles were also reflective of dyslipidemia, with elevated triglycerides and LDL, and reduced HDL levels (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents with MASLD demonstrated distinct demographic, metabolic and biochemical profiles, particularly higher rates among Hispanic youth and an association with lower niacin intake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Path Analysis Revealing Influential Factors of Weight Loss Willingness and Behaviour in 8–15 Years Overweight Children: A Cross-Sectional Investigation","authors":"Yuantao Huang,&nbsp;Qingchao Zeng,&nbsp;Haiwen Chen,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Shi,&nbsp;Shuiling Shi","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the association between parental and child correct cognitions of the child's weight and child weight loss willingness and behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the 2007–2020 NHANES database were used, focusing on overweight children aged 8–15 years with age- and sex-specific BMI ≥ the 85th percentile. Both parental and child correct cognitions of the child's weight were assessed by comparing subjective questionnaires with objective BMI measurements. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted. Path analysis was employed to confirm the effect of child correct cognition on the relationship between parental correct cognition and child weight loss willingness and behaviour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1383 overweight children were included. Parental correct cognition was independently associated with both child correct cognition and child weight loss willingness, but not with child weight loss frequency. Path analysis further demonstrated that child correct cognitions were linked to the relationship of parental correct cognitions on child weight loss willingness, establishing a significant path: ‘Parental correct cognitions → Child correct cognitions → Child weight loss willingness → Child weight loss behaviour’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among overweight children, parental correct cognitions of the child's weight do not directly relate to children's willingness. Instead, they were indirectly associated with child weight loss willingness and behaviour by shaping child correct cognitions of weight. This finding suggests that family weight management interventions should focus not only on parental correct cognitions but also on helping children establish objective correct cognitions of weight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infants With Low Birth Weight Have Larger Adipocytes During Early Childhood","authors":"Tetsuro Murakawa,&nbsp;Yuya Nakano,&nbsp;Akio Ebata,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Hasebe,&nbsp;Keiko Nagahara,&nbsp;Katsumi Mizuno","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infants with low birth weight are at increased risk of developing insulin resistance later in life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate differences in adipocyte size during early childhood between infants with low birth weight and infants born appropriate for gestational age at full-term.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 92 children (77 infants born appropriate for gestational age at full-term and 15 with low birth weight), aged 0.8–5.2 years, scheduled for surgery. Adipose tissue samples were obtained intraoperatively, fixed in osmic acid, and assessed for mean adipocyte diameter after adipocyte separation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite a similar body mass index, the low-birth-weight group had larger mean adipocyte diameters during early childhood than the term appropriate-for-gestational-age group (87.0 μm vs. 74.7 μm). Multiple regression analysis revealed that low birth weight and higher body mass index at surgery were significant determinants of larger mean adipocyte diameter (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Mean adipocyte diameter was not associated with haematological parameters, including insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During early childhood, infants with low birth weight had larger adipocytes than infants born appropriate for gestational age at term. Further studies are required to determine whether this observation is associated with insulin resistance development later in life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observed Mealtime Interactions, Meal Healthfulness, and Childhood Obesity Among Low-Income Families","authors":"Hurley O. Riley,&nbsp;Karen E. Peterson,&nbsp;Katherine W. Bauer,&nbsp;Allison Choe,&nbsp;Julie Sturza,&nbsp;Katherine Rosenblum,&nbsp;Niko Kaciroti,&nbsp;Julie C. Lumeng,&nbsp;Alison L. Miller","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Family mealtimes are promoted as a strategy to address childhood obesity; however, the joint associations of different mealtime elements with childhood obesity are not often considered. The current study investigated how mealtime family functioning and the nutritional quality of meals separately and jointly associate with childhood obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Typical mealtimes for 273 children (<i>M</i> age = 5.9 years, SD = 0.7 years) were video-recorded. Observed mealtime family functioning, specifically mealtime structure and behaviour management, was coded from the video-recorded mealtimes. The nutritional quality of meals was assessed using the Healthy Meal Index (HMI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Logistic regression models indicated no independent associations between mealtime family functioning or nutritional quality of meals and child obesity status. However, the nutritional quality of meals moderated the association between mealtime structure and child obesity status (Interaction beta −0.06, SE 0.03; <i>p</i> = 0.04). Stratified analyses indicated that greater mealtime structure was associated with a higher likelihood of obesity among children served low-nutritional-quality meals (OR = 4.17, 95% CI 1.13–15.50, <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Greater mealtime structure may be associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity when meals have low nutritional quality. Thus, various mealtime elements may interact in association with childhood obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Health-Behaviour and Lifestyle Therapy Yields Higher Adherence and Reduces Session Needs for Successful Weight Management in Adolescence: An Observational Real-World Single-Center Study","authors":"Julia Lischka,&nbsp;Gabriel Torbahn,&nbsp;Michael Vallis,&nbsp;Katharina Mörwald,&nbsp;Julian Gomahr,&nbsp;Anders Forslund,&nbsp;Rasmus Stenlid,&nbsp;Hannes Manell,&nbsp;Peter Bergsten,&nbsp;Sabine Geiersberger,&nbsp;Max Bergauer,&nbsp;Lotte Forer,&nbsp;Wanda Lauth,&nbsp;Jeanne Jabbour,&nbsp;Laura Döttl,&nbsp;Maria Swittalek,&nbsp;Stefanie Lanzinger,&nbsp;Daniel Weghuber","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70122","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence for the role of health behaviour and lifestyle treatment (HBLT) on the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in paediatric obesity is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the role of HBLT on the effectiveness of GLP-1RAs in youth with obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients aged 8–18 years with obesity (<i>n</i> = 51) receiving liraglutide were retrospectively divided into continuers (ongoing liraglutide treatment), discontinuers, or switches to semaglutide or metabolic-bariatric surgery. All were offered multidisciplinary HBLT and consecutively allocated to either high-frequency (HF) HBLT (≥ 26 contact hours/year) or low-frequency obesity medication (OM)-specific HBLT (9 contacts of 0.5 h/year).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 9.7 ± 6.6 months, a BMI reduction of ≥ 5% and ≥ 10% was observed in 37.3% and 13.7%, respectively. Relative change in BMI was higher in continuers compared to discontinuers (−6.7% ± 7.5% vs. −0.7% ± 5.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Whereas 39.2% of patients continued liraglutide, 33.3% discontinued, mainly due to gastrointestinal symptoms. 27.4% of patients switched treatment to semaglutide or underwent surgery. Patients with combined HBLT and liraglutide had markedly higher odds of continuation (OR 18.5, 95% CI 2.0–929.8, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and greater reductions in BMI, which was by trend higher with OM-HBLT compared to HF-HBLT (BMI change −6.9% ± 7.2% vs. −4.0% ± 6.6%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GLP-1RAs were effective in the real-world treatment of paediatric obesity. HBLT appears to be essential to increase persistence and efficacy of GLP-1RAs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype–Phenotype Spectrum of Non-Syndromic Monogenic Obesity in a National Paediatric Cohort","authors":"Ahmet Kahveci,&nbsp;Selin Uzun Karauzum,&nbsp;Hayrullah Manyas,&nbsp;Behiye Sarikaya Ozdemir,&nbsp;Zerrin Orbak,&nbsp;Ummahan Tercan,&nbsp;Ruken Yildirim,&nbsp;Nihal Hatipoglu,&nbsp;Fatih Kilci,&nbsp;Hatice Nursoy,&nbsp;Servan Ozalkak,&nbsp;Baris Kolbasi,&nbsp;Semra Cetinkaya,&nbsp;Hazal Canbaz Ozdemir,&nbsp;Mesut Parlak,&nbsp;Filiz Tutunculer Kokenli,&nbsp;Emine Camtosun,&nbsp;Saime Ergen Dibeklioglu,&nbsp;Gonul Buyukyilmaz,&nbsp;Ayse Derya Bulus,&nbsp;Hanife Gul Balki,&nbsp;Ayse Ozden,&nbsp;E. Nazli Gonc,&nbsp;Elif Ozsu,&nbsp;Huseyin Demirbilek,&nbsp;Melek Yildiz,&nbsp;Samim Ozen,&nbsp;Abdullah Bereket,&nbsp;Belma Haliloglu","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70121","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Non-syndromic monogenic obesity, caused by defects in the leptin-melanocortin pathway, presents with early-onset severe obesity and hyperphagia, but genotype–phenotype and metabolic correlations across different genetic forms remain unclear.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this multicentre retrospective cohort study, individuals with biallelic (likely) pathogenic variants in &lt;i&gt;LEP, LEPR, POMC, PCSK1, MC4R, ADCY3&lt;/i&gt;, and monoallelic (likely) pathogenic &lt;i&gt;MC4R&lt;/i&gt; variants were recruited from 23 paediatric endocrinology centres across Türkiye. Anthropometric, clinical, metabolic data, including HOMA-IR and SPISE index, systematically applied across different monogenic obesity subtypes, were collected using a standardised case record form.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 130 individuals (49% female; median age 10.0 years) were included. Biallelic &lt;i&gt;LEPR&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 47) and monoallelic &lt;i&gt;MC4R&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 49) variants were the most frequent causes, followed by biallelic &lt;i&gt;POMC&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13) and &lt;i&gt;MC4R&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11) variants. Individuals with &lt;i&gt;LEP, LEPR&lt;/i&gt;, and biallelic &lt;i&gt;MC4R&lt;/i&gt; variants had higher BMI-SDS than those with &lt;i&gt;POMC&lt;/i&gt; and monoallelic &lt;i&gt;MC4R&lt;/i&gt; variants (&lt;i&gt;p &lt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.0001). SPISE index differed across groups (&lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.0051), with lower values in biallelic LEPR and MC4R compared with monoallelic &lt;i&gt;MC4R&lt;/i&gt; variants. Within &lt;i&gt;LEPR,&lt;/i&gt; individuals carrying ‘double homozygous’ missense variants showed poorer metabolic outcomes independent of BMI-SDS (&lt;i&gt;p &lt;&lt;/i&gt; 0.05). POMC deficiency showed a similar phenotype to monoallelic &lt;i&gt;MC4R,&lt;/i&gt; with later obesity onset, lower BMI-SDS, and a more favourable metabolic profile. Bone age was advanced in &lt;i&gt;LEPR&lt;/i&gt; compared to &lt;i&gt;POMC, biallelic&lt;/i&gt; and monoallelic &lt;i&gt;MC4R&lt;/i&gt; variants (&lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.013) and bone age-adjusted height-SDS was lower than non-adjusted height-SDS (&lt;i&gt;p =&lt;/i&gt; 0.004), indicating impaired growth when adjusted for skeletal maturation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Biallelic &lt;i&gt;LEPR, particularly&lt;/i&gt; those with double homozygous missense variants, and &lt;i&gt;MC4R&lt;/i&gt; variants represent the most metabolically adverse forms of monogenic obesity, extending current evidence beyond BMI-based risk stratification. In &lt;i&gt;LEPR, advanced&lt;/i&gt; bone age may contribute to impaired growth. These data provide a comprehensive genotype–phenotype characterisation in a genetically homogeneous population and emphasise the importance of early diagnosis for ris","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148051333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148096743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}