Pediatric Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Hepatic Steatosis and Cardiovascular Risk in Obesity: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study From Childhood Into Young Adulthood.","authors":"Anne-Sophie R Stroes, D Meeike Kusters, Laura Draijer, Anneloes E Bohte, Aart J Nederveen, Eric de Groot, Marc A Benninga, Adriaan G Holleboom, Bart G P Koot, Barbara A Hutten","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The early vascular impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear. This study examined associations of steatosis in childhood and young adulthood with cardiovascular risk in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children with severe obesity were investigated for MASLD and cardiovascular risk, with 10-year follow-up. Hepatic steatosis was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cardiovascular risk by ultrasound carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Participants were categorised into four trajectory groups based on presence of steatosis in childhood and/or adulthood: 'absent', 'diminishing', 'adult-onset' and 'persistent'. Associations between steatosis (presence and change over time) and cIMT, and between childhood metabolic factors and cIMT progression, were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 52 participants, 46% had steatosis in childhood ('diminishing' or 'persistent'), and 46% in adulthood ('adult-onset' or 'persistent'). Childhood steatosis was not associated with cIMT in adulthood, whereas adulthood steatosis was independently associated with increased cIMT (mean difference 0.035 mm, 95% CI: 0.010-0.060 mm; p-adjusted = 0.008). Mean cIMT at follow-up increased progressively across steatosis trajectory groups; (adjusted p-for-trend = 0.003). Childhood steatosis was the only metabolic factor associated with cIMT progression (β = 0.006, p = 0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hepatic steatosis in young adulthood is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and childhood steatosis relates to cIMT progression, supporting early MASLD detection and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 9","pages":"e70148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Among Multiple Mental Health Symptoms, Only Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems Predict Poorer BMI Outcomes in Family-Based Behavioural Treatment for Youth With Severe Obesity","authors":"Vilde A. Skodvin,&nbsp;Hanna F. Skjåkødegård,&nbsp;Helge Molde,&nbsp;Denise Wilfley,&nbsp;Rachel P. K. Conlon,&nbsp;Pétur B. Júlíusson,&nbsp;Yngvild S. Danielsen","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Large variability exists in outcome following Family-based treatment (FBT) for severe obesity in youth. In the present study, we aimed to expand our understanding of how mental health impacts FBT outcomes. In total, 90 participants (58.9% girls) 5.9–18.6 years (mean ± SD: 13.2 ± 3.1) were enrolled in a 17-session FBT-programme. Baseline mean percentage above the IOTF threshold for overweight (%IOTF25) was 146 ± 13, and Body Mass Index standard deviation score (BMIz) was 3.02 ± 0.52. Mental health predictors were assessed using the Self-Perception Profile for Children and the Child Behaviour Checklist. A multivariate multilevel Bayesian linear mixed-effects model with repeated measures was utilized to estimate the effects of mental health predictors on BMI outcomes. Average change in BMI during FBT was −3.80 (%IOTF25) and −0.08 (BMIz) units. Higher scores of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADH) Problems were associated with a smaller reduction in BMI (0.31 units for %IOTF25 (<i>p</i> = 0.02), 0.01 units for BMIz (<i>p</i> = 0.03) for each one-unit T-score increase on the ADH problem scale). Self-Worth, Emotional Dysregulation, Internalizing- and Externalizing problems were not associated with differences in BMI outcomes. Identifying children with higher ADH problems and incorporating additional family support strategies within FBT should be a focus for further treatment development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ADHD on Obesity Treatment Outcomes in Adolescents Receiving Multidisciplinary Care: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study","authors":"Antonio Videira-Silva,&nbsp;Isabel Moitinho de Almeida,&nbsp;Vanessa Sendim,&nbsp;Filipa Carmo,&nbsp;Sofia Moeda,&nbsp;Sílvia Freira,&nbsp;Helena Fonseca","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequent among adolescents with obesity and may influence treatment outcomes. This study aimed to explore differences in treatment outcomes and predictors of weight-loss success between adolescents with and without ADHD, followed at a tertiary Adolescent Obesity Clinic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective longitudinal study included 269 adolescents (12–17 years) followed for 16.8 (IQR: 5.3) months, of whom 53 had ADHD (19.7%). Obesity-related and behavioural data were collected and analysed using generalised estimating equations (for longitudinal changes) and logistic regression models (to identify predictors of weight-loss success, i.e., a decrease in BMI z-score ≥ 0.25).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight loss success was achieved in 34.9% of the sample, with no significant differences between those with and without ADHD. Among adolescents with ADHD, psychopathology was negatively associated with weight loss success (OR = 0.25), while increases in total physical activity were positively associated (OR = 1.01). In those without ADHD, impulsive eating reduced the likelihood of weight loss (OR = 0.33), whereas improved eating behaviour increased it (OR = 2.92).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although adolescents with and without ADHD may exhibit similar treatment outcomes, predictors of weight loss success differed, highlighting the importance of tailoring obesity programs according to behavioural and clinical profiles in order to improve obesity treatment among adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Relative Cord Hyperleptinemia and Offspring Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Overweight or Obesity","authors":"Jincy Immanuel,&nbsp;Stephy Chirayath,&nbsp;Jürgen Harreiter,&nbsp;Gernot Desoye,&nbsp;Rosa Corcoy,&nbsp;Juan M. Adelantado,&nbsp;Roland Devlieger,&nbsp;Annunziata Lapolla,&nbsp;Maria G. Dalfra,&nbsp;Alessandra Bertolotto,&nbsp;Ewa Wender–Ozegowska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Zawiejska,&nbsp;Fidelma P. Dunne,&nbsp;Peter Damm,&nbsp;Elisabeth R. Mathiesen,&nbsp;Dorte M. Jensen,&nbsp;Lise Lotte T. Andersen,&nbsp;Mette H. Tanvig,&nbsp;David J. Hill,&nbsp;Judith G. M. Jelsma,&nbsp;Alexandra Kautzky–Willer,&nbsp;Sander Galjaard,&nbsp;Frank J. Snoek,&nbsp;Mireille N. M. van Poppel,&nbsp;David Simmons","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Umbilical cord leptin is increased in infants of women with obesity. We tested the hypothesis that a high cord leptin-to-fat mass ratio might be associated with adverse outcomes at birth and in early childhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A secondary analysis of vitamin <i><span>D A</span></i>nd <i><span>L</span></i>ifestyle <i><span>I</span></i>ntervention for gestational diabetes mellitus prevention (DALI) trial was conducted. Cord leptin-to-fat mass ratios were classified into top (TT), middle, and low (LT) tertiles overall and within sexes. Relationship with neonatal outcomes and offspring BMI <i>z</i>-scores were compared between TT and LT groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 323 infants (maternal pre-pregnancy BMI 33.7 ± 4.2 kg/m^{<span>2</span>}, 52% male) female (vs. male) offspring had higher cord leptin, fat mass percentage, and leptin-to-fat mass ratio (median (IQR): 21.4 (13.4, 30.99) vs. 15.5 (8.3, 25.9), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Compared to the LT group, infants in the TT group (58% females) had higher cord leptin but similar fat mass percentage. Among males (but not in females), the C-peptide-to-glucose ratio was elevated in the TT group (vs. LT) (0.2 (0.1–0.2) vs. 0.1(0.02–0.2), <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while birthweight (3.5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.045), fat mass percentage (11.1 ± 3.9 vs. 13.0 ± 3.6, <i>p</i> = 0.008), and BMI <i>z</i>-scores (at age 1 only) were lower (median (IQR): −0.15 (−0.67, 0.98) vs. 1.35 (−0.06, 1.67), <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relative cord hyperleptinaemia was associated with reduced offspring BMI among males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Ultra-Processed Foods and Executive Function in Children With Obesity and Their Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ingrid Rivera-Iñiguez,&nbsp;David R. Strong,&nbsp;Kyung E. Rhee,&nbsp;Dawn M. Eichen,&nbsp;Kerri N. Boutelle","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are linked to obesity and cognitive decline, but evidence on their association with executive function (EF) in children is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the UPFs-EF relationship in parent–child dyads with obesity seeking treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Secondary analysis of the FRESH trial (NCT01197443) conducted at the University of California, San Diego. A total of 141 Parent–child dyads; parent age = 43 years (6.6), BMI = 32 (6.4); child age = 9.9 years (1.3), BMIz = 2.0 (0.3); 31% Hispanic, 44% White, 25% other completed anthropometric, digit span backward (DSB), stop signal task (SST) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and dietary assessments. Linear regression models evaluated UPFs-EF associations, controlling for covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parent–child associations were observed for energy <i>β</i> = 0.15, <i>p</i> = 0.024; total UPFs <i>β</i> = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.018; savoury snacks <i>β</i> = 0.28, <i>p</i> = 0.018; ultra-processed (UP) meat, <i>β</i> = 0.60, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; and sweetened beverages <i>β</i> = 0.24, <i>p</i> = 0.023. Most UPFs-EF associations were null. In children, UP meat predicted lower DSB scores (<i>β</i> = −0.104, 95% CI [−0.197, −0.013], <i>p</i> = 0.013), and in parents, sweetened beverages predicted failed SST (<i>β</i> = 0.606, 95% CI [0.018, 1.210], <i>p</i> = 0.044).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were a few associations between UPFs intake and EF; however, most were nonsignificant. Future research should involve community samples and children across the weight spectrum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijpo.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding Intensity and Duration and Growth Trajectories in GDM Exposed Infants: The SWIFT Study","authors":"Saralyn F. Foster,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Widen,&nbsp;Joan C. Lo,&nbsp;Alexis King,&nbsp;Louise C. Greenspan,&nbsp;Baiyang Sun,&nbsp;Myles S. Faith,&nbsp;Marcela R. Abrego,&nbsp;Daniel Powers,&nbsp;Erica P. Gunderson","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whether breastfeeding intensity, the relative amount of breastfeeding versus formula across the first year, relates to growth trajectories among infants exposed to gestational diabetes (GDM) in utero is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify growth trajectory patterns and associations with breastfeeding intensity among infants exposed to GDM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SWIFT Offspring cohort (2009–2011) singleton, GDM-exposed infants (<i>n</i> = 435) born at a Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospital. Monthly summed lactation intensity ratio (sumLIR, proportion of breastfeeding versus overall feeds over 7 days). Latent class mixed models for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) z-scores, and skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, and sum of skinfolds). Multinomial logistic regression related sumLIR to growth trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A higher sumLIR throughout the first year was associated with lower odds of class membership in trajectories with accelerated growth patterns for WLZ from early infancy (1-mo OR: 0.11, 95% CI 0.02, 0.54) to 1 year (12-mo OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.75, 0.95), as well as a lower likelihood of having accelerated WAZ growth after 6-months (12-mo OR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.84, 0.98), but not skinfold trajectory classes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher sumLIR was associated with more favourable growth trajectories, suggesting that continued breastfeeding, even when combined with infant formula, may benefit growth among GDM-exposed infants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Behavioural Determinants of Short Sleep and Obesity From Childhood to Adolescence: An Analyses of Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 1","authors":"Emma Louise Gale,&nbsp;Joanne Elizabeth Cecil,&nbsp;Andrew James Williams","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research shows a longitudinal relationship between poor sleep and obesity in adolescents, highlighting the need to identify shared modifiable determinants to strengthen health-promoting interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants at 10 and 12 years associated with short sleep and body mass index percentile (BMIp) at 14 years, using data from the Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Secondary analyses were conducted using data from GUS Birth Cohort 1, sweeps 8–10 (10–14 years). Sleep duration, emotional wellbeing, physical activity, diet, screentime and risk-taking behaviours were main-carer or child-reported and BMIp was objectively measured. Block-wise linear regression analyses were used to examine associations with sleep duration and BMIp at age 14 years. Meaningful associations were defined as a ±10% difference (standardised <i>β</i> ≥ 0.10 or ≤ −0.10).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 4157 participants (50.2% male) were analysed. In adjusted models, having tried smoking and having tried alcohol at 12 years and being allowed to eat whenever the child wanted at 10 years were meaningfully associated with shorter sleep duration and higher BMIp at 14 years. Maternal BMI was meaningfully associated with BMIp only, while poorer emotional wellbeing and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were meaningfully associated with shorter sleep only.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Smoking and alcohol experimentation and less structured eating timing were identified as shared determinants of shorter sleep and higher BMIp in adolescence. These findings suggest that risk-taking behaviours and eating routines may be important targets for future research and health-promoting interventions addressing sleep and weight-related outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Randomised Trial of Calibrated Formula Volumes to Optimise Growth in Infants at Risk for Overweight: The Califormula Randomised Clinical Trial","authors":"Ian M. Paul,&nbsp;Bernardo L. Horta,&nbsp;Mina Desai,&nbsp;Michael G. Ross","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70141","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Formula feeding and having a mother with overweight are associated with overweight during infancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sought to pilot test calibrated formula feeding guidance using age and weight specific intake recommendations to improve weight outcomes amongst at-risk infants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exclusively formula fed newborns with birthweight ≥ 50th percentile delivered to mothers with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² were randomised to intervention and usual care groups. At monthly visits from 1 to 5 months, mothers of intervention group infants with weight-for-length (WFL) ≥ 75th percentile were advised to give 10% less daily formula than required based upon sex, age and weight. The primary outcome was conditional weight gain (CWG) between birth and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included WFL <i>z</i>-score and overweight (WFL ≥ 95th percentile) at 6 months, as well as growth trajectory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty infants were enrolled; 36 mothers (66.7%) had pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30. Seventeen (28.3%) withdrew before 6 months. At each assessment, a minority had WFL ≥ 75th percentile required to receive calibrated formula guidance. There were no group differences in CWG (intervention mean 0.27, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.75 vs. control mean −0.12, 95% CI −0.62 to 0.37; <i>p</i> = 0.25) or for secondary outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calibrated infant formula recommendations were not associated with growth outcomes.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05104073 (registered October 11, 2021)</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Use of Subsidised Semaglutide in Icelandic Children With Obesity: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Sigrun Thorsteinsdottir,&nbsp;Berglind Jonsdottir,&nbsp;Anna S. Olafsdottir,&nbsp;Helena B. Arnarsdottir,&nbsp;Sigrun Hallgrimsdottir,&nbsp;Berglind Brynjólfsdóttir,&nbsp;Tryggvi Helgason","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ijpo.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Real-world evidence of subsidised semaglutide in children with obesity is scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe clinical outcomes (%IOTF30 change) in a nationwide cohort of Icelandic children prescribed subsidised semaglutide, describing outcomes across treatment settings and examining treatment response in children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders (ND).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, population-based cohort study using longitudinal anthropometric measurements, March 20, 2021–June 6, 2025. Children aged ≥ 12 with grade 2 obesity were eligible for subsidised semaglutide under a universal reimbursement policy. Main outcomes were changes in %IOTF30 (BMI expressed as a percentage of the age- and sex-specific IOTF obesity threshold), modelled using piecewise linear mixed-effects regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 113 participants (44% female; mean [SD] age 15.2 [2.0] years), pre-treatment %IOTF30 rose at 0.29 percentage points (pp)/month (95% CI, 0.26, 0.33). Semaglutide was associated with trajectory reversal at −0.86 pp/month (95% CI, −1.06 to −0.66); estimated reductions were 5.17 (95% CI, 3.98, 6.36) and 10.33 (95% CI, 7.96, 12.71) pp at six and 12 months. On-treatment slopes were numerically similar across settings but not interpretable as evidence of equivalent response. ND-status did not significantly modify treatment response among 56 Pediatric Obesity Center participants (interaction <i>p</i> = 0.83; underpowered). Overall, 63% achieved %IOTF30 reductions exceeding 10 pp.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semaglutide was associated with reversal of a longstanding upward weight trajectory in children with obesity. ND-status did not significantly modify treatment response; analysis was underpowered. Universal subsidisation policy enabled high treatment persistence and may inform reimbursement policy in other countries, though generalisability to settings without universal coverage remains uncertain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148662971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Liraglutide on Energy Intake in Adolescents With Persistent Obesity After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy","authors":"Bao-Vi C. Tran,&nbsp;Anna Zenno,&nbsp;Nazrat M. Mirza,&nbsp;Evan Nadler,&nbsp;Sheila M. Brady,&nbsp;Otiti A. Mayo,&nbsp;Alexa P. Lyman,&nbsp;Stephanie T. Chung,&nbsp;Kong Y. Chen,&nbsp;Peter Walter,&nbsp;Hongyi Cai,&nbsp;Shanna B. Yang,&nbsp;Sara A. Turner,&nbsp;Jack A. Yanovski,&nbsp;Bobby K. Cheon","doi":"10.1111/ijpo.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In adolescents with obesity ≥ 1-year post-vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), a pilot trial of liraglutide demonstrated a 4.3% BMI reduction. This secondary analysis evaluated energy intake changes (∆EI) and associations of ∆EI with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) outcomes and end-of-trial liraglutide plasma concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At baseline and after 4 months of liraglutide, participants completed a standardised buffet meal following a 2-h OGTT. Liraglutide plasma area under the curves (AUCs) were quantified using LC–MS/MS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-seven participants (18.1 ± 2.0 years; BMI: 40.4 ± 7.3 kg/m²) completed buffet meals at both visits. Mean energy intake decreased by 161.7 ± 264.3 kcal (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and food mass by 72.5 ± 123.4 g (<i>p</i> = 0.02), with proportional reductions in absolute macronutrient intake but no change in macronutrient distribution. Neither Liraglutide AUC (<i>n</i> = 17) nor OGTT outcomes were significantly associated with ∆EI or changes in body weight.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In adolescents post-VSG treated with liraglutide, overall food intake decreased without significant changes in macronutrient composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}